Youth Mass Media in the Digital Era: The Problem of Identity and Self-Presentation

This article considers the features of a modern young journalist’s work when he / she uses digital media. The student journalists’ work shows the formation of multi-identity (or poly-identity) as a way of a journalist’s self-presentation. A modern young journalist is not rigidly attached to one media; the digital format makes it possible to work in various media, combining the placement of information in electronic form. The transition of the media to digital formats has made it possible to work efficiently and get rid of the border between a professional and non-professional journalism; anyone can post information in modern media using websites, special mobile applications and other means. In order to analyze the multifunctional (poly-functional) self-identification of a modern young journalist, a study of journalist students was conducted. Interviews and surveys were used, as well as an initial questionnaire, which made it possible to identify the most promising students for further study. The research has fixed that in digital reality, a journalist is not fixed in one media, his / her work is favorably distinguished by the ability to generate and select content for several media. In a number of media outlets, such as radio and television, the journalist is required to be present at the location of the recording / video recording, but in most modern mass media the generation of content is in no way connected with the presence of the media in the location. As a result, the phenomenon of the journalist’s vague self-identification arises: a journalist simultaneously runs several projects, participates in various mass media, and finds it difficult to answer the question of who he / she works and what he / she does. without a permanent job and a fixed range of responsibilities. He / she cannot articulate clearly his / her identity without a permanent job and a fixed range of responsibilities. Keywords: Digital media, youth media, self-identification, digital journalis

New member of Gromochytriales (Chytridiomycetes) - Apiochytrium granulosporum nov. gen. et sp

International audienceMolecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences of nearly any species of Chytridiomycota has typically challenged traditional classification and triggered taxonomic revision. This has often led to the establishment of new taxa which, normally, appear well supported by zoospore ultrastructure as diagnostic character. To construct a meaningful and comprehensive classification of Chytridiomycota, the combination of molecular phylogeny and morphological studies of traditionally defined chytrid species is needed. In this work, we have studied morphological and ultrastructural features based on light and transmission electron microscopy as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis of a parasite of the yellow-green alga Tribonema gayanum (strain X-124 CCPP ZIN RAS) morphologically similar to Rhizophydium granulosporum. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence of this strain supports that it represents a new genus and species affiliated to the recently established order Gromochytriales. The ultrastructure of X-124 confirms its phylogenetic position sister to Gromochytrium and serves as the basis for the description of the new genus and species Apiochytrium granulosporum

Verification of Photometric Parallaxes with Gaia DR2 Data

Results of comparison of Gaia DR2 parallaxes with data derived from a combined analysis of 2MASS (Two Micron All-Sky Survey), SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey), GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer), and UKIDSS (UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey) surveys in four selected high-latitude $|b|>48^{\circ}$ sky areas are presented. It is shown that multicolor photometric data from large modern surveys can be used for parameterization of stars closer than 4400 pc and brighter than $g_{SDSS} = 19.^m6$, including estimation of parallax and interstellar extinction value. However, the stellar luminosity class should be properly determined.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Injection Process Control of the Well at the Hydrodynamic Research of Coalbed

This scientific work is devoted to the study results of water injection process into the well at the hydrodynamic research by using the high pressure unregulated pump. The injection process should be accompanied by the retention of some hydraulic parameters at constant level during some time. Various variants for use of mechatronic nodes for automatization of water injection process are considered. Scheme for reducing the load on the pump and equipment in hydraulic system and also for improving the quality control system with high accuracy is shown. Simulation results of injection process into the well at the pressure and consumption fixation and recommendations for the use of the proposed schemes depending on the technological process are given

Role of Polyamine-Induced Dimerization of Antizyme in Its Cellular Functions

Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (grant # 17-74-20049—synthesis of C-methylated Spd analogues, ITC studies of dimerization of OAZ1, and frameshifting experiments), the Russian Science Foundation (grant # 19-74-10086—isolation of OAZ1, electrophoresis studies of dimerization of OAZ1), and the Academy of Finland (grants # 292574 and # 315487). Acknowledgments: The authors thank A. Karppinen, A. Korhonen, T. Reponen, M. Salminkoski, and S.D. Negrya for their skillful technical assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Multikinase inhibitors modulate non-constitutive proteasome expression in colorectal cancer cells

Introduction: Proteasomes are multi-subunit protein complexes responsible for protein degradation in cells. Immunoproteasomes and intermediate proteasomes (together non-constitutive proteasomes) are specific forms of proteasomes frequently associated with immune response, antigen presentation, inflammation and stress. Expression of non-constitutive proteasome subunits has a prognostic value in several types of cancer. Thus, factors that modulate non-constitutive proteasome expression in tumors are of particular interest. Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) demonstrate promising results in treatment of cancer. At the same time, their immunomodulatory properties and effects on non-constitutive proteasome expression in colorectal cancer cells are poorly investigated.Methods: Proteasome subunit expression in colorectal cancer was evaluated by bioinformatic analysis of available datasets. Two colorectal cancer cell lines, expressing fluorescent non-constitutive proteasomes were treated with multikinase inhibitors: regorafenib and sorafenib. The proteasome subunit expression was assessed by real-time PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The proteasome activity was studied using proteasome activity-based probe and fluorescent substrates. Intracellular proteasome localization was revealed by confocal microscopy. Reactive oxygen species levels following treatment were determined in cells. Combined effect of proteasome inhibition and treatment with MKIs on viability of cells was estimated.Results: Expression of non-constitutive proteasomes is increased in BRAF-mutant colorectal tumors. Regorafenib and sorafenib stimulated the activity and synthesis of non-constitutive proteasomes in examined cell lines. MKIs induced oxidative stress and redistribution of proteasomes within cells. Sorafenib stimulated formation of cytoplasmic aggregates, containing proteolyticaly active non-constitutive proteasomes, while regorafenib had no such effect. MKIs caused no synergistic action when were combined with the proteasome inhibitor.Discussion: Obtained results indicate that MKIs might affect the crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells via modulation of intracellular proteasome pool. Observed phenomenon should be considered when MKI-based therapy is applied

Transcatheter transfemoral aortic valve replacement in a patient with acromegaly and severe left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Case report

Main causes of secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Heart damage in patients with the acromegaly is mediated both by the direct action of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1, and increased deposition of collagen and lymphomononuclear cells in the myocardium, which leads to architectural changes, disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance, severe left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic left ventricular dysfunction and chronic heart failure. This article presents the world's first described observation demonstrating the possibility of successful transfemoral aortic valve repair to a comorbid patient with severe aortic stenosis according to the potential risks caused by the active form of the acromegaly

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ УРОВНЯ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЦИТОКИНОВ В ПЛАЗМЕ КРОВИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ

HighlightsIL-8 and MCP-1 have a significant role in the CTEPH pathogenesis, which indicates the importance of nonspecific immunity in the formation and progression of CTEPH. The coupling between cytokines and hemodynamic parameters, cardiac structural changes and plasma biochemical parameters were determined. AbstractBackground. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. Particular attention to the microvascular damage genesis in CTEPH is given to aseptic inflammation, which in turn could be mediated through various molecular mechanisms. According to the conflicting and incomplete data on changes in the profile of factors controlling inflammation in CTEPH, research in this field would identify new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CTEPH.Aim. To study the profile of plasma proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and evaluate the coupling of these cytokines with the main morphofunctional and laboratory values of the disease severity.Methods. 34 patients with CTEPH were included in this study. To characterize the group, the following methods were used: echocardiographic examination, catheterization of the right cardiac chambers. Biomarkers of heart failure, systemic inflammation, as well as erythropoiesis and iron metabolism were assessed in all patients. The control group included 10 donors. To study the proinflammatory cytokine profile in plasma, interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were determined using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.Results. Hemodynamic and morphofunctional changes in the pulmonary circulation specific to pulmonary hypertension were determined with catheterization of the right cardiac chambers and echocardiography. During plasma proinflammatory cytokines analysis, a significant increase in the level of IL-8 (p = 0.030) and MCP-1 (p = 0.031) in CTEPH group compared to the control group was observed. No significant differences for other analyzed markers were found. In the elaboration of the correlation analysis, moderate inverse coupling between proinflammatory markers and hemodynamic parameters characterizing the CTEPH severity were revealed, as well as positive correlations with parameters of remodeling of the right cardiac chambers and iron metabolism.Conclusion. The increased levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in patients with CTEPH identified in the present study indicate a significant role of nonspecific immunity in the formation and progression of CTEPH. The coupling between cytokines and hemodynamic parameters, structural cardiac changes and plasma biochemical parameters were determined. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to develop new medicinal substances, targeting towards proinflammatory cytokines, their receptors and signaling pathways.Основные положенияИЛ-8 и MCP-1 играют существенную роль в патогенезе хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии, что указывает на важное значение неспецифического иммунитета в формировании и прогрессировании данного заболевания. Определена связь цитокинов с показателями гемодинамики, структурными изменениями сердца и биохимическими показателями плазмы крови. РезюмеАктуальность. Патогенез хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии (ХТЭЛГ) сложен и до конца не изучен. Особое внимание в генезе микрососудистого поражения при ХТЭЛГ уделяют асептическому воспалению, которое в свою очередь может быть опосредовано различными молекулярными механизмами. Учитывая противоречивые и неполные данные об изменении профиля факторов, контролирующих воспаление при ХТЭЛГ, исследования в этой области позволят определить новые терапевтические мишени для профилактики и лечения ХТЭЛГ.Цель. Изучить профиль провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови у пациентов с ХТЭЛГ и оценить связь этих цитокинов с основными морфофункциональными и лабораторными показателями тяжести течения заболевания.Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 34 пациента с верифицированным диагнозом ХТЭЛГ. Для характеризации группы использованы эхокардиографическое исследование и катетеризация правых камер сердца. У всех больных оценены биомаркеры сердечной недостаточности, системного воспаления, а также эритропоэза и обмена железа. В группу контроля вошли 10 человек-доноров. Для изучения профиля провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови определены интерлейкины (ИЛ) 6, 8, 18, моноцитарный хемоаттрактантный белкок 1 (MCP-1) и матриксная металлопротеиназа 9 с помощью стандартных наборов для иммуноферментного анализа.Результаты. По данным катетеризации правых камер сердца и эхокардиографии определены гемодинамические и морфофункциональные изменения малого круга кровообращения, характерные для легочной гипертензии. При анализе уровня провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови в группе ХТЭЛГ по сравнению с группой контроля отмечено значимое повышение ИЛ-8 (p = 0,030) и MCP-1 (p = 0,031). По другим проанализированным маркерам значимых различий не получено. В результате корреляционного анализа выявлены умеренные обратные взаимосвязи провоспалительных маркеров с гемодинамическими параметрами, характеризующими тяжесть ХТЭЛГ, а также положительные корреляционные связи с показателями ремоделирования правых камер сердца и обмена железа.Заключение. Установленное в настоящем исследовании повышение уровней ИЛ-8 и MCP-1 у пациентов с ХТЭЛГ указывает на значительную роль неспецифического иммунитета в формировании и прогрессировании ХТЭЛГ. Определены взаимосвязи цитокинов с показателями гемодинамики, структурными изменениями сердца и биохимическими показателями плазмы крови. На основе полученных данных возможна разработка новых лекарственных субстанций, мишенями для которых будут провоспалительные цитокины, их рецепторы и сигнальные пути

A Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences in Kiev: Findings Among Key Populations

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Ukraine has been driven by a rapid rise among people who inject drugs, but recent studies have shown an increase through sexual transmission. Methods: Protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from 876 new HIV diagnoses (April 2013–March 2015) in Kiev were linked to demographic data. We constructed phylogenetic trees for 794 subtype A1 and 64 subtype B sequences and identified factors associated with transmission clustering. Clusters were defined as ≥2 sequences, ≥80% local branch support, and maximum genetic distance of all sequence pairs in the cluster ≤2.5%. Recent infection was determined through the limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay. Sequences were analyzed for transmitted drug resistance mutations. Results Thirty percent of subtype A1 and 66% of subtype B sequences clustered. Large clusters (maximum 11 sequences) contained mixed risk groups. In univariate analysis, clustering was significantly associated with subtype B compared to A1 (odds ratio [OR], 4.38 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.56–7.50]); risk group (OR, 5.65 [95% CI, 3.27–9.75]) for men who have sex with men compared to heterosexual males; recent, compared to long-standing, infection (OR, 2.72 [95% CI, 1.64–4.52]); reported sex work contact (OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.07–3.47]); and younger age groups compared with age ≥36 years (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.10–3.05] for age ≤25 years). Females were associated with lower odds of clustering than heterosexual males (OR, 0.49 [95% CI, .31–.77]). In multivariate analysis, risk group, subtype, and age group were independently associated with clustering (P < .001, P = .007, and P = .033, respectively). Eighteen sequences (2.1%) indicated evidence of transmitted drug resistance. Conclusions Our findings suggest high levels of transmission and bridging between risk groups