Модификации заглавий в автопереводе (на материале сборника В. Набокова «Возвращение Чорба»)

The article is devoted to study of the self-translation of stories' titles by Vladimir Nabokov from the point of view of structural and semantic changes, stipulated by use of semantic reduction, semantic specification, compensation and modulation. The authors study the literary text on the grounds of compare-and-contrast, structural, intertextual and cognitive methods of research. The main subject of research are the stories from the collection "The return of Chorb". The bilingual writer often deviates in translation from a proclaimed principle of "literal translation" what is stipulated by Nabokov’s desire to specify or to emphasize the semantics of the title. The article also explains the reasons why certain stories have not been translated by the author into English.Статья посвящена изучению автоперевода заглавий рассказов Владимира Набокова с точки зрения структурных и семантических модификаций, обусловленных использованием приемов семантической редукции, смысловой конкретизации, компенсации, модуляции. Авторы работы обращаются к сравнительно-сопоставительному, структурному, интертекстуальному и когнитивному методам исследования художественного текста. Основным материалом исследования стали рассказы из сборника «Возвращение Чорба», при переводе которых писатель-билингв часто отклоняется от манифестированного принципа «буквальности», что обусловлено стремлением В. Набокова конкретизировать или акцентировать семантику заглавий. В статье также объясняются причины, по которым некоторые рассказы не были переведены автором на английский язык

Opportunities and clinical significance of preoperative diagnosis of infiltrative endometriosis

Aim. To optimize preoperative diagnosis of infiltrative forms of genital endometriosis. Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of the preoperative examination and surgical treatment of 667 patients from 22 to 49 years old (31.4 [27.3; 34.2]) with external endometriosis presented with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (n=580), and primary or secondary infertility (n=215). The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 16 years. Seventy-eight (11.69%) patients had a history of surgery for external endometriosis. The serum concentration of the CA-125 tumor marker was measured by immunochemiluminescence assay. Colonoscopy was performed in 655 cases, and cystoscopy in 66 cases. In addition, pelvic ultrasound was performed for all patients. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with an intravenous bolus injection of a contrast agent. Results. Patients with endometrioid ovarian cysts (n=564) and "minor" forms of endometriosis (n=44) predominated. Endometrioid infiltrates occurred in 59 (8.84%) patients. In the group of patients with infiltrates, 18.64% had a history of surgery for endometriosis; 5.7% had a recurrence. Patients with retrocervical endometriosis and endometriosis of uterosacral ligaments predominated among females with infiltrative forms. No statistically significant differences in CA-125 concentration between patients with and without infiltrates were observed. The infiltrate was revealed, and its topography was described in 49 (83.05%) patients using ultrasound and 56 (94.81%) patients using MRI. All patients with dysuria had ultrasound, MRI, colonoscopy and cystoscopy. Conclusion. The combined use of pelvic ultrasound and MRI provides high accuracy in diagnosing infiltrative endometriosis