Amino acid substitutions within HBsAg in HBV strains isolated in Russia.

<p>Amino acid substitutions within HBsAg in HBV strains isolated in Russia.</p

Estimated proportions of children with acute and chronic HB as a function of vaccination.

<p>Estimates are made using a mathematical model for a generation of children born in 2008.</p

Sampling territories (shaded on the map), HBV vaccination coverage of newborn children in 2008, the number of sampled sera.

<p>Vaccination against hepatitis B includes three doses of vaccine. The first dose is administered to newborns in maternity wards in the first 24 hours after birth, the second dose in 1 month, and the third in 6 months.</p

Estimated proportion of children infected with HBV depending on birth dose coverage scenario.

<p>Estimates are made using a mathematical model for a generation of children born in 2008.</p

Prevalence of anti-HBc in different age groups in six regions of Russia.

<p>In the age groups <1 the rate of anti-HBc positivity was significantly higher in Tyva Republic compared to Moscow region, Sverdlovsk region, and Khabarovsk region. In the age groups 1–7 and 8–14 anti-HBc prevalence was significantly higher in Sakha Republic (Yakutia) compared to other regions. In the age groups 15–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and > 60 years anti-HBc rates were significantly higher in Tyva Republic and Sakha Republic (Yakutia).</p

Prevalence of HBsAg in epidemiologically significant cohorts.

<p>These groups are considered to be epidemiologically significant as rates of HBV chronicity depend on the age of infection. In the perinatal infection chronicity of HBV infection occurs in 90% of cases, infection in early childhood—in 30% of cases, infection at the age of 5 years—6% [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0157161#pone.0157161.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>]. Data on the prevalence of HBsAg in these groups needed to work with a mathematical model.</p