Influence of salinity and fungal prevalence on bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil

The effect of NaCI salt on bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil was studied. Salt· treatments included NaCI amendments to adjust the soil solution electrical conductivities to 50, 130, 210 dsm-1. Oil biodegradation was estimated from quantities of CO2 evolved. Salt concentration at 210 dsm-1 in oil polluted soil resulted in a significant decrease (p <0.05) in oil biodegradation. A salt concentration of 50 dsm-1 reduced bioremediation by about 12%. The physico-chemical properties of the soil samples examined showed that the total hydrocarbon (THC) content increased with the oil pollution but significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with NaCI addition. The prevalence of fungal species in the soil samples during each sampling intervals showed that the oil contaminated soil and the uncontaminated soil supported fungal growth while addition of NaCI reduced the fungalpopulation in the soi

Evaluation of Rice Brands by Sensory Qualities

A purposively selected 20 member sensory panel was used to do sensory and cooking qualities assessment of locally processed rice brands and popularly imported rice brands consumed by most Nigerians. The local brands are ‘Enyi, Lobi, Eagle and Veetee; while the imported brands are ‘Tomato and Caprice. The results showed that Olam was significantly better and distinguishable from Abakaliki, Tomato and Caprice brands for colour (P<0.05); Olam was significantly better than Caprice for flavour (P<0.05); Olam was significantly better than Abakaliki and Caprice for sogginess (P<0.05); Olam was significantly preferred than Veetee for stickness (P<0.05); Olam was significantly better than the other brands for taste (P<0.05); Olam was significantly preferred to other brands for texture (P<0.05) and significantly better from Tomato for general acceptability (P<0.05). On assessment of rice grains, the results also showed that Enyi and Abakaliki had poor grain colour rating (P<0.05); the general  acceptability of Olam, Caprice and Veetee grain brands were significantly better than the other brands (P<0.05). Generally speaking, the results of the analyses showed that local brands of processed rice competed well with imported brands for sensory qualities.Key words: rice brands, sensory qualities, consumer preference, general acceptabilit

Flood and cassave productivity in Kogi State, Nigeria: A quantitative analysis using cross-sectional data

The study assessed the effect of the 2012 flood disaster on cassava productivity in Kogi State and identified the adaptation measures and resilience capacity of the cassava farmers affected by the flood. To achieve the objectives of the study, the “with and without” approach involving the flood affected farmers and control group was employed to ascertain and compare the effect of the flood on cassava productivity. Simple descriptive statistics, productivity index, z-test of two means and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyse the data collected. The result indicated a significant cassava productivity differentials of about 56% between the flood affected farmers and the control population. The multiple regression analysis result further confirmed that flood had a significant effect on cassava productivity amongst the respondents at 5% level of significance. Against this backdrop, there is the need for farmers to continue to diversify their farming practices with a view to mitigating the effect of future flood occurrence, adopt drought resistant cassava varieties while the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) should in conjunction with the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Kogi State Government and the Media create effective climatic situation awareness for  cassava farmers within the State with the view to containing and minimizing the adverse effect of flooding. Key Words: Flood, Disaster, Adaptation, Resilience, Cassava farmers, Productivity

Evaluation of proximate composition of fruits of lycopersicon esculentum (roma vf) under stress and staking.

No Abstrac

A System Dynamics Model of Supply-Side Issues Influencing Beef Consumption in Nigeria

The per capita consumption of beef in Nigeria is reducing amidst a rising population that is dependent on beef as a major source of animal protein. In this paper, a system dynamics (SD) model was developed with the aim of testing exploratory policies aimed at reversing this trend. The simulations of various policy tests showed that, of all the policies tested, having a higher carcass yield seems to be the most efficient solution, but its feasibility faces some steep biological and ecological challenges. However, a combination of policies that cuts across the land–cattle–market nexus is necessary to obtain a consumption level that almost meets the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for recommended animal protein intake. Complex inter-linked systems, like beef production and consumption, require a systemic approach that considers dynamic feedback to avoid fixes that fail or shift the burden when making policy decisions

Longitudinal and Cross Sectional Mix Data Approach to Impact Assessment: A Case Study of Community Based Natural Resource Management Programme, Nigeria

The study employed longitudinal and cross-sectional mix data approach, “before and after”, “with and without” technique in assessing the impact of IFAD Assisted Community Based Natural Resource Management Programme on the socio-economic livelihood, including agricultural productivity, nutrition and job creation potentials of the beneficiaries. Multi-stage sampling was employed to elicit responses from 1,928 households in 64 communities covering 9 participating states in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria. The Component Index Analysis, Productivity Index and Double Differencing techniques were employed for data analysis.The Component Index Analysis revealed that even though beneficiaries were of better wealth standing compared to non-beneficiaries, inequalities were observed within the ranks of targeted beneficiaries. Also, direct enterprise productivity impact of programme on beneficiaries was 61.1%, 203.3% and 30.1% for crops, livestock and fisheries respectively. Programme impact on food consumed was 21.4% while 84.95% of the beneficiaries observed improved nutrition compared to 67.7% under control group. About 47,454 jobs were created with crop sub-sector accounting for about 75% of the total. The study concluded that the programme impacted on the socio-economic livelihood of beneficiaries, although, impact varied within the rank and file of beneficiaries.Key Words: Impact, Livelihood, Productivity, Nutrition, Job-creation, Socio-economi

サブサハラ・アフリカ地域のPPP事業における契約解除問題の戦略分析

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 堀田 昌英, 東京大学教授 小澤 一雅, 東京大学教授 中山 幹康, 東京大学教授 本田 利器, 東京大学准教授 坂本 麻衣子University of Tokyo(東京大学

Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Agriculture and Food Supply Chains: System Dynamics Modeling for the Resilience of Smallholder Farmers

COVID-19 has caused severe agriculture and food supply chain disruptions; significantly affecting smallholder farmers who supply most of the world’s food; specifically their changes in vulnerability; resilience; and food loss and waste. Therefore; the objective of this study was to understand the complex causal and feedback relationships for this system by developing a dynamic hypothesis and causal loop diagrams utilizing the System Dynamics methodology. Results provide a roadmap for dialogue and a framework for case-specific model development and help to guide policy decisions for smallholder farmers’ survival during health crises

Thirty-five years (1986–2021) of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: bibliometric and scoping analysis

Background Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an acquired defect of the cellular immunity associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disease has reached pandemic proportion and has been considered a public health concern. This study is aimed at analyzing the trend of HIV/AIDS research in Nigeria. Method We used the PUBMED database to a conduct bibliometric analysis of HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021 employing “HIV”, “AIDS”, “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”, “Human immunodeficiency virus”, and “Nigeria” as search description. The most common bibliometric indicators were applied for the selected publications. Result The number of scientific research articles retrieved for HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria was 2796. Original research was the predominant article type. Articles authored by 4 authors consisted majority of the papers. The University of Ibadan was found to be the most productive institution. Institutions in the United States dominated external production with the University of Maryland at the top. The most utilized journal was PLoS ONE. While Iliyasu Z. was the most productive principal author, Crowel TA. was the overall most productive author with the highest collaborative strength. The keyword analysis using overlay visualization showed a gradual shift from disease characteristics to diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Trend in HIV/AIDS research in Nigeria is increasing yet evolving. Four articles were retracted while two had an expression of concern. Conclusion The growth of scientific literature in HIV/AIDS-related research in Nigeria was found to be high and increasing. However, the hotspot analysis still shows more unexplored grey areas in future