Clinical evaluation of a dental color analysis system: The Crystaleye Spectrophotometer®

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical performance of the Crystaleye Spectrophotometer®, a dental color analysis system.MethodsThree color-measuring devices (Crystaleye Spectrophotometer®, CAS-ID1, MSC-2000) were tested and the differences in color measurements among them were evaluated using Scheffe's F-test. Color measurements with the Crystaleye Spectrophotometer® were repeated 10 times by the same operator. The color difference (ΔE) between the first and tenth measurements was calculated. The Crystaleye Spectrophotometer® was used to measure the color of the maxillary left central incisor under two conditions (light and dark) and the effect of exterior lighting was analyzed to assess the accuracy of measurements. Furthermore, five different operators performed color measurements, and ΔE among the three devices was calculated. The ΔE between the target tooth and the crown of a single maxillary central incisor crown fabricated using data from the Crystaleye Spectrophotmeter® was calculated. Color differences between prebleaching and postbleaching were also analyzed with the Crystaleye Spectrophotometer® using the parameters ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*.ResultsThe data from the three spectrophotometers were not significantly different. The ΔE during repeated color measurements by the same operator was 0.6. The ΔE between light and dark conditions was 0.9. The data from the five operators were not significantly different. The mean ΔE value between the target tooth and the fabricated crown was 1.2±0.4, and the mean ΔE value between prebleaching and postbleaching was 3.7±1.0.ConclusionsThe Crystaleye Spectrophotometer® is an easy-to-use color analysis system producing accurate color measurements under clinical conditions

Turbulences génériques du roman au sein de la revue Seitō : partage des normes de l’écriture de soi

L’article analyse la transformation du genre des nouvelles publiées dans Seitō. Le passage de la troisième personne à la première personne permit de relater les expériences personnelles des auteures afin de mettre en avant la question féminine. Néanmoins, à partir de la cinquième année, les auteures optent pour des noms de plume et nombre de personnages sont désignés par des initiales. Les auteures voulaient ainsi éviter les critiques acerbes d’une société conservatrice en dissimulant leur nom. Mais, bientôt le « je » de la narration fut distingué de l’auteure en personne. L’objectif de départ – exprimer le contenu de revendications féminines – évolua vers un désir de représenter l’attitude face à l’écriture, déplaçant la quête de vérité du contenu vers celle de l’attitude face à l’écriture.This paper examines shifts in the genre of the novel within the magazine Seitō. In Seitō, authors’ personal experiences were written in the first person, thus highlighting factuality and bringing an emphasis on women’s issues to society. However, from the fifth year of publication, pen names and initials for characters’ names began to be used, and third person narratives or framed narratives that separated the “I” of the narrative from the author began to increase. These strategies were used to avoid bashing from conservative society. However, these formal changes also led to a sense of distance from women’s issues. The aims of novel writing thus shifted from emphasizing women’s issues or content, to displaying a sincere attitude in the act of writing.『青鞜』における小説ジャンルの揺れを検証した。初期には小説は三人称であったが、書き手自身の体験が一人称で書かれたものが次第に増加した。それらは、事実性が強調され、女性の問題を社会に主張する助けになった。創刊5年目以降は、ペンネームの使用や、作中人物のイニシャル表記が現れ、作中の「私」と作者を切り離す額縁小説や、三人称小説も増加する。これは、旧弊な世間からのバッシング回避のためであった。だが形式の変化は、女性の問題を主張すること自体への距離感も招いた。従って、小説を書く目的は、主張することやその内容の伝達ではなく、書き続ける真摯な態度のアピールに変化した

最大の政府開発援助(ODA)供与国としての日本による被援助国における国内紛争の仲介の成功と失敗の理由 : カンボジア (1997-1998年) とスリランカ (2002-2009年) の事例研究

早大学位記番号:新7015早稲田大

Pressure drop evaluation based on two-phase flow observation in packed bed system

Two-phase pressure drop in the debris has been studied by many researchers concerning the debris cooling characteristics during a severe accident in a nuclear reactor. However, its flow regime transition of the two-phase flow in the debris has not been well understood, which strongly affects the interfacial drag and the pressure drop. Conventional models for gas-liquid two-phase flow pressure drop have not been established to evaluate interfacial drag accurately. In this study, high-speed imaging of a two-dimensional network model was performed to clarify the effect of flow patterns on interfacial drag and pressure drop. Usually, it would not be easy to visualize such two-phase flow behavior in a randomly packed bed due to the reflection/refraction of light and/or overlapping bubbles, even if the test section is made of transparent materials. Therefore, in this study, a test section, which simulates a two-dimensional network of porous structures, was fabricated to avoid overlapping bubbles. The two-phase flow pattern in the porous structure has been identified by high-speed imaging of the two-dimensional network model. The flow regime map based on the flow pattern visualization results is applied to the pressure drop evaluation and it could reduce the overestimation of experimental values. The experimental results suggested that the interfacial drag term should be modified in the gas-liquid two-phase flow pressure drop model

ジンギ サイシ ニオケル ジョセイ シンショク ノ ハタラキ コダイ ジングウ キュウチュウ ノ サイシ カラ

This　s田dy　is　concentrated　on　the　relation　between　the　ancient　religious　rituals　and　the　role　of　the　female　priests　in ／ingt‘and　the　Imperial　Court　during　gth　and　10th　cenωry　AD，　in　Japan．　Generally　speaking，　the　role　of　the　female priests　in　the　ancient　shrine　rituals　has　been　regarded　as　conveying　the　words　of　the　deities　in　trance：Miko＊．　Or　their existence　had　a　meaning　in　that　they　were　considered　only“sacred　children”． In　my　opinion　nevertheless，　according　to　the　fbrms　and　proceedings　of　the　religious　rituals　of　Jingu　and　the　Imperial Court，　it　becomes　clear　that　women　played　the　most　important　role　at　the　r．ituals　as“female　priests”（ノosei　shinshoku）in ca11．ing　in　and　sending　off　the　deities　at　the　ceremonial　places．　　　　　　　　　　　　， As　the　result　of　my　analysis　on　the　role　of　the　female　priests　in　the　rituals，　I　thus　conclude　that　the　forms　of　the　ancient religious　rituals　were　closely　related　to　the　particular　role　of　the　pr．iests，　and　that　the　sjgnificance　of　children　priestesses also　was　not　merely　on　their　being　sacred　children　but　on　the　role　which　only　women　could　play　among　the　priesthood

Optimal Spatial Strategy of the Fishing Efforts for Heterogeneous Fishing Grounds

This study explores the optimal spatial strategy for fishing efforts for subdivided on fishing grounds for different economic performance. We analyze the Japanese off-shore longline fishing vessel groups targeting swordfish and blue shark in the North Pacific. The seasonal dynamic optimal spatial strategy to maximize the economic performance is explored with identified fishing grounds by the cluster analysis. This study carries out the sensitivity analysis to see how the optimal strategy changes when the input parameters (e.g., ex-vessel price), objective functions and benefit allocation scheme between vessel owners and crews are varied. The results suggest that the robust optimal spatial strategy is to minimize the days per trip to maintain flexibility of destination of fishing grounds