How does fiscal policy affect monetary policy in the Southern African Community (SADC)?

Fiscal policy can affect monetary policy either through debt monetisation or through a direct effect on price dynamics. The former is the conventional classical view rooted in the quantity theory of money while the latter is the modern view of the Fiscal Theory of Price Determination. Based on the dynamic response of inflation to different shocks, we test the relationship between fiscal balances and monetary stability in 10 SADC countries. Results show that five out of 10 countries considered here were characterised throughout the period 1980-2006 by fiscally dominant regimes, with weak or no response of primary surpluses to public liabilities. The remaining five countries exhibit a monetary dominant regime. The study also finds that changes in primary surpluses affect price variability via aggregate demand, suggesting that fiscal outcomes could be a direct source of inflation variability, hence, the need for policy coordination in the region.African Economic Integration, Fiscal Monetary Policy Coordination, VAR Analysis.

Fiscal aspects of macroeconomic stability in Africa

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-128).This study analyses empirically the nature of fiscal and monetary policy interdependence and fiscal dynamics in africa. It also looks at the possibility of implementing viable fiscal policy rules and institutions that are consistent with economic and monetary stability and growth. The study starts off by looking at the way economists have framed the analysis of fiscal and monetary policy interdependence. While conventional theory holds that inflation is a onetary phenomenon, recently the Fiscal Theory of Price Determination (FTDP) has instead argued that inflation can be a fiscal phenomenon

How does fiscal policy affect monetary policy in the Southern African Community (SADC)?

Fiscal policy can affect monetary policy either through debt monetisation or through a direct effect on price dynamics. The former is the conventional classical view rooted in the quantity theory of money while the latter is the modern view of the Fiscal Theory of Price Determination. Based on the dynamic response of inflation to different shocks, we test the relationship between fiscal balances and monetary stability in 10 SADC countries. Results show that five out of 10 countries considered here were characterised throughout the period 1980-2006 by fiscally dominant regimes, with weak or no response of primary surpluses to public liabilities. The remaining five countries exhibit a monetary dominant regime. The study also finds that changes in primary surpluses affect price variability via aggregate demand, suggesting that fiscal outcomes could be a direct source of inflation variability, hence, the need for policy coordination in the region

How does fiscal policy affect monetary policy in the Southern African Community (SADC)?

Fiscal policy can affect monetary policy either through debt monetisation or through a direct effect on price dynamics. The former is the conventional classical view rooted in the quantity theory of money while the latter is the modern view of the Fiscal Theory of Price Determination. Based on the dynamic response of inflation to different shocks, we test the relationship between fiscal balances and monetary stability in 10 SADC countries. Results show that five out of 10 countries considered here were characterised throughout the period 1980-2006 by fiscally dominant regimes, with weak or no response of primary surpluses to public liabilities. The remaining five countries exhibit a monetary dominant regime. The study also finds that changes in primary surpluses affect price variability via aggregate demand, suggesting that fiscal outcomes could be a direct source of inflation variability, hence, the need for policy coordination in the region

A REVIEW OF POST-COVID TELECOMMUNICATION INVESTMENT TRENDS: IMPACTS ON INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

The post-COVID era has catalysed a transformative phase in the telecommunication sector, with dramatic shifts in both consumer behaviour and enterprise needs. This study offers a synthesized review of investment trends in telecommunications following the pandemic, detailing their implications on infrastructure development. The initial pandemic response saw an exponential rise in the demand for robust connectivity, necessitating rapid infrastructural adjustments to cater to remote work, online education, and digital healthcare. This paper identifies significant post-COVID investment trends in telecommunications, which include an augmented drive for broadband and fibre-optic expansion, an accelerated rollout of 5G networks, heightened investments in cloud services and data centres, and a notable surge in mergers and acquisitions. This investment influx has palpably advanced infrastructure development rates, with a focus on enhancing capacity, speed, reliability, and geographical reach. However, the ramifications of this swift expansion are multifaceted. On the socio-economic front, there has been substantial job creation, technology democratization, and improved accessibility, especially in historically underserved areas. In parallel, the environmental footprint of this growth is also scrutinized, shedding light on increased energy consumption, challenges in electronic waste management, and resource utilization. From a business perspective, while there's enhanced market competition and improved service quality, companies also grapple with new challenges in customer retention, experience management, and competitive differentiation. Furthermore, this paper elucidates evolving policy landscapes, marked by modified telecom regulations, incentivization strategies, and measures to ensure equitable access. In conclusion, the post-pandemic telecommunication investment trends have undeniably fast-tracked infrastructure development, but with nuanced implications for society, environment, business, and policy. The forward trajectory, though promising, requires a harmonized effort from stakeholders to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth.                     Keywords: Telecommunication, Infrastructure, Investment, Government, Post-Covid, Policy