The geospace response to variable inputs from the lower atmosphere:a review of the progress made by Task Group 4 of CAWSES-II

The advent of new satellite missions, ground-based instrumentation networks, and the development of whole atmosphere models over the past decade resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the variability of geospace, that is, the region of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and several thousand kilometers above ground where atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions occur. It has now been realized that conditions in geospace are linked strongly to terrestrial weather and climate below, contradicting previous textbook knowledge that the space weather of Earth's near space environment is driven by energy injections at high latitudes connected with magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and solar radiation variation at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths alone. The primary mechanism through which energy and momentum are transferred from the lower atmosphere is through the generation, propagation, and dissipation of atmospheric waves over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales including electrodynamic coupling through dynamo processes and plasma bubble seeding. The main task of Task Group 4 of SCOSTEP's CAWSES-II program, 2009 to 2013, was to study the geospace response to waves generated by meteorological events, their interaction with the mean flow, and their impact on the ionosphere and their relation to competing thermospheric disturbances generated by energy inputs from above, such as auroral processes at high latitudes. This paper reviews the progress made during the CAWSES-II time period, emphasizing the role of gravity waves, planetary waves and tides, and their ionospheric impacts. Specific campaign contributions from Task Group 4 are highlighted, and future research directions are discussed

Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere - CTMT

For detailed description, see Oberheide et al., 2011 and the CTMT webpage. Briefly, CTMT is based on tidal temperature and wind observations made in the MLT region by SABER and TIDI on TIMED that are extended into the thermosphere using Hough Mode Extension (HME) modeling. The latter can be thought of as constraining a tidal model with observations and produces self-consistent tidal fields in temperature, neutral density, and zonal, meridional and vertical winds from pol-to-pole and from 80-400 km. A monthly tidal climatology is compiled from averaged 2002-2008 TIMED observations. CTMT accounts for contributions from solar radiation absorption in the troposphere and stratosphere, tropospheric latent heat release, and non-linear wave-wave interactions occurring in the MLT or below. It is valid for a solar radio flux of F10.7 = 110 sfu and includes the 6 (8) most important migrating and nonmigrating diurnal (semidiurnal) tidal components. As such it is suitable for driving upper atmosphere models that require self-consistent tidal fields in the MLT region as a lower boundary condition or to study the effects of tidal density variations in the re-entry region, to name just a few examples. Thermospheric tidal forcing occurring above the MLT is not accounted for. CTMT, therefore, does not capture (i) migrating tides forced in-situ by the absorption of solar EUV radiation, and (ii) nonmigrating tides forced in the thermosphere

Supplementary video files (Movies 1-4)

<p>Supplementary video files (Movies 1-4) related to:</p><p>F. Gasperini, J Oberheide volume 3, Dynamic Meteorology, Atmospheric Tides, 2024, Elsevier Ltd</p&gt

Unexpected DE3 tide in the southern summer mesosphere

This is the materiel to reproduce Figs. 1-4 of the paper "Unexpected DE3 tide in the southern summer mesosphere" by E. Becker and J. Oberheide The eps figure files of the paper can be reproduced using the publicly available graphics software GrADS and running the respective figures scripts fig1-r.gs, fig2-r.gs, fig3-r.gs, and fig4-r.gs. Each script calls data description files (*.ctl) which show how the data are stored in the respective binary files (*.bin, all little endian). Erich Becker, September 202