Characterization of domestic and market solid wastes at source in Lagos metropolis, Lagos, Nigeria

Waste management is an important element of environmental protection. Proper characterization of municipal solid waste is fundamental for the planning of  municipal waste management services. The objectives of this study were to  estimate the percentage of various components of household and market waste generated from source and also the seasonal composition of household waste. The domestic and market solid wastes generated during a period of 48 days by a  sampling of 200 households and 40 market waste samples of different socio – economic characteristics were classified and weighed at source between March 2004 and April 2006. The household solid waste mainly consisted of putrescible waste (68.16%), paper  (12.46%), nylon (7.68%), Plastic (3.64%), glass (1.78%), metal (2.08%), and garden waste/grit (4.20%). The market waste consisted of putrescible waste (68.98%); paper (23.57%), nylon (3.92%), Plastic (1.77%) and metal (1.77%). The seasonal  composition shows a high generation of putrescible during the wet season and nylon during the dry season.Key words: Household waste, market waste, waste composition, Lagos metropolis

Effect of Substitution of Bovine Rumen Epithelial Tissue Scrapings for Fishmeal on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed varied levels of bovine rumen epithelial tissue scrapings (BRETS) in replacement for fish meal at 0, 50 and 100% levels of substitution. Fifty four birds were used for the study and the birds were randomly distributed into three (3) dietary treatments which were randomly assigned to the rations. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and data were collected on the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and nutrient utilization. Data were also collected on the carcass characteristics after some birds had been slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and significant differences were indicated using Duncan multiple range test to separate the means. Results indicated that there was significant difference (P0.05) in the weight gain, heart and lung weights. It was concluded that up to 50% BRETS inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed without any adverse effect, to maintain the quality of the broiler chicken while minimizing the high cost of whole fishmeal since BRETS is an abattoir by-product that is readily available locally

Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions by bamboo root biomassa

The adsorption of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions on bamboo root biomass from an aqueous solution was studied. Some parameters that determine metal uptake including contact time,  adsorbent dose and initialconcentration of the metal ions were evaluated. The optimum contact time to attain  equilibrium is of the order of 15 to 20 min for both metal ions. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described by a pseudo-second order process. Rate constants were determined as 9.13 x 10-2 and 6.30 x 10-2 g mg-1 min-1 for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. The equilibrium sorption capacity of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were determined from the Langmuir equation as 28.57 and 50.00 mg g-1, respectively. The results from this study showed that acid treated bamboo root could be a good adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from industrial effluents. The sorption process is adjudged  endothermic as the apparent free energy change ( 2+ and Zn2+ ions on bamboo root biomass from an aqueous solution was studied. Some parameters that determine metal uptake including contact time,  adsorbent dose and initialconcentration of the metal ions were evaluated. The optimum contact time to attain  equilibrium is of the order of 15 to 20 min for both metal ions. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described by a pseudo-second order process. Rate constants were determined as 9.13 x 10-2 and 6.30 x 10-2 g mg-1 min-1 for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. The equilibrium sorption capacity of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were determined from the Langmuir equation as 28.57 and 50.00 mg g-1, respectively. The results from this study showed that acid treated bamboo root could be a good adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from industrial effluents. The sorption process is adjudged  endothermic as the apparent free energy change (2+ and Zn2+ ions on bamboo root biomass from an aqueous solution was studied. Some parameters that determine metal uptake including contact time,  adsorbent dose and initialconcentration of the metal ions were evaluated. The optimum contact time to attain  equilibrium is of the order of 15 to 20 min for both metal ions. The kinetic studies showed that the sorption rates could be described by a pseudo-second order process. Rate constants were determined as 9.13 x 10-2 and 6.30 x 10-2 g mg-1 min-1 for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. The equilibrium sorption capacity of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were determined from the Langmuir equation as 28.57 and 50.00 mg g-1, respectively. The results from this study showed that acid treated bamboo root could be a good adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions from industrial effluents. The sorption process is adjudged  endothermic as the apparent free energy change (Go ad) values were found to be 4.14 and 5.22 kJ mol-1 for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively