Reducciones, blandengues y “el enjambre de indios del Chaco”: entre las guerras coloniales de frontera y las guerras de la revolución en el norte santafesino

El proceso revolucionario desarrollado en el espacio rioplatense desde 1810 desestabilizó las relaciones fronterizas entre las sociedades hispano-criollas y los grupos indígenas de la Araucanía, del área pampeano-patagónica y del Chaco. Esa situación convirtió a las parcialidades no sometidas al dominio colonial en importantes aliados de los bandos en conflicto. Esas alianzas, sin embargo, fueron muy inestables. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el funcionamiento del dispositivo fronterizo santafesino conformado durante el siglo XVIII y desestabilizado con la crisis revolucionaria; se busca, asimismo, indagar en las características que adoptó la guerra revolucionaria en ese espacio provincial. </p

Reducciones, blandengues y “el enjambre de indios del Chaco”: entre las guerras coloniales de frontera y las guerras de la revolución en el norte santafesino

El proceso revolucionario desarrollado en el espacio rioplatense desde 1810 desestabilizó las relaciones fronterizas entre las sociedades hispano-criollas y los grupos indígenas de la Araucanía, del área pampeano-patagónica y del Chaco. Esa situación convirtió a las parcialidades no sometidas al dominio colonial en importantes aliados de los bandos en conflicto. Esas alianzas, sin embargo, fueron muy inestables. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el funcionamiento del dispositivo fronterizo santafesino conformado durante el siglo XVIII y desestabilizado con la crisis revolucionaria; se busca, asimismo, indagar en las características que adoptó la guerra revolucionaria en ese espacio provincial.

Ovarian response and embryo production in llamas treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin alone or with a progestin-releasing vaginal sponge at the time of follicular wave emergence

The objective of the study was to compare the ovulatory response and embryo production in llamas (Lama glama) treated with a single dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) alone or combined with intravaginal medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at the time of follicular wave emergence. Llamas with a growing follicle ≥7 mm in diameter were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) Control (n = 28): Nonstimulated llamas were mated and embryos were collected 7 d after mating. (2) eCG (n = 32): Llamas were given 5 mg luteinizing hormone (LH) (Day 0) to induce ovulation, 1000 IU eCG on Day 2, a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α on Day 6, mating on Day 7, and embryo collection on Day 14. (3) eCG+MPA (n = 34): Llamas were treated as those in the eCG group, but a sponge containing 60 mg MPA was placed intravaginally from Days 2 to 6. Llamas that did not respond to synchronization or superstimulation were excluded, leaving data from n = 26, 26, and 27 in the control, eCG, and eCG+MPA groups, respectively, for statistical analysis. The mean (±SD) number of follicles &gt; 7 mm at the time of mating was greatest in the eCG group, intermediate in the eCG+MPA group, and lowest in the control group (16.6 ± 5.3, 12.9 ± 3.7, and 1.0 ± 0.0, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). The number of corpora lutea was similar between eCG and eCG+MPA groups (10.1 ± 2.9 and 8.6 ± 3.7, respectively); both were higher (P &lt; 0.001) than in controls (0.9 ± 0.3). The number of embryos did not differ significantly between the eCG and eCG+MPA groups (4.8 ± 2.8 and 3.5 ± 3.0, respectively), but both were higher (P &lt; 0.001) than in the controls (0.7 ± 0.4). In conclusion, eCG, with or without MPA effectively induced a superovulatory response and multiple embryo production in llamas. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Generaci?n de valor a trav?s de la transformaci?n de residuos de cart?n en mobiliario en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial de Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A.

El presente trabajo de investigaci?n eval?a la generaci?n de valor de un proyecto de responsabilidad social impulsado por una de las empresas mineras m?s importantes del Per?, Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde (SMCV). El proyecto consiste espec?ficamente en la producci?n de escritorios de diferentes tama?os, elaborados a partir de cart?n proveniente de desechos libres de contaminantes, y la distribuci?n a los colegios estatales de Arequipa que es una de las regiones con mayor porcentaje de centros educativos con capacidad instalada inadecuada. Para realizar la valorizaci?n se proyect? el ahorro en compra de escritorios por parte de las autoridades que podr?a destinarse a otras actividades, el ahorro por emisiones de CO2, un peque?o aporte en la reputaci?n de SMCV, la p?rdida de las ventas del cart?n por parte de la empresa y la mejora en el diferencial de los ingresos futuros de los beneficiarios

IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010-2021)

We present IT-SNOW, a serially complete and multi-year snow reanalysis for Italy (similar to 301 x 10(3) km(2)) - a transitional continental-to-Mediterranean region where snow plays an important but still poorly constrained societal and ecological role. IT-SNOW provides similar to 500 m daily maps of snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, bulk snow density, and liquid water content for the initial period 1 September 2010-31 August 2021, with future updates envisaged on a regular basis. As the output of an operational chain employed in real-world civil protection applications (S3M Italy), IT-SNOW ingests input data from thousands of automatic weather stations, snow-covered-area maps from Sentinel-2, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and H SAF products, as well as maps of snow depth from the spatialization of over 350 on-the-ground snow depth sensors. Validation using Sentinel-1-based maps of snow depth and a variety of independent, in situ snow data from three focus regions (Aosta Valley, Lombardy, and Molise) show little to no mean bias compared to the former, and root mean square errors are of the typical order of 30-60 cm and 90-300 mm for in situ, measured snow depth and snow water equivalent, respectively. Estimates of peak SWE by IT-SNOW are also well correlated with annual streamflow at the closure section of 102 basins across Italy (0.87), with ratios between peak water volume in snow and annual streamflow that are in line with expectations for this mixed rain-snow region (22 % on average and 12 % median). Examples of use allowed us to estimate 13.70 +/- 4.9 Gm3 of water volume stored in snow across the Italian landscape at peak accumulation, which on average occurs on 4 March +/- 10 d. Nearly 52 % of the mean seasonal SWE is accumulated across the Po river basin, followed by the Adige river (23 %), and central Apennines (5 %). IT-SNOW is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034956 (Avanzi et al., 2022b) and can contribute to better constraining the role of snow for seasonal to annual water resources - a crucial endeavor in a warming and drier climate

The risk stratification of adverse neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (STRONG) study

Aims: To assess the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) by identifying subgroups of women at higher risk to recognize the characteristics most associated with an excess of risk. Methods: Observational, retrospective, multicenter study involving consecutive women with GDM. To identify distinct and homogeneous subgroups of women at a higher risk, the RECursive Partitioning and AMalgamation (RECPAM) method was used. Overall, 2736 pregnancies complicated by GDM were analyzed. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by GDM. Results: Among study participants (median age 36.8 years, pre-gestational BMI 24.8 kg/m2), six miscarriages, one neonatal death, but no maternal death was recorded. The occurrence of the cumulative adverse outcome (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.59–3.87), large for gestational age (OR 3.99, 95% CI 2.40–6.63), fetal malformation (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.00–7.18), and respiratory distress (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.33–14.12) was associated with previous macrosomia. Large for gestational age was also associated with obesity (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.00–2.15). Small for gestational age was associated with first trimester glucose levels (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.69). Neonatal hypoglycemia was associated with overweight (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.27) and obesity (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.51). The RECPAM analysis identified high-risk subgroups mainly characterized by high pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.21–2.33 for obese; OR 1.38 95% CI 1.03–1.87 for overweight). Conclusions: A deep investigation on the factors associated with adverse neonatal outcomes requires a risk stratification. In particular, great attention must be paid to the prevention and treatment of obesity

Daily rhythm in cortical chloride homeostasis underpins functional changes in visual cortex excitability

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All data will be made available upon request. Source data are provided with this paper.Code availability: All custom code has been written in ImageJ and MatLab and it is available at https://github.com/GabNar/Pracucci_Graham_Alberio_Nardi_et_al_2023.Cortical activity patterns are strongly modulated by fast synaptic inhibition mediated through ionotropic, chloride-conducting receptors. Consequently, chloride homeostasis is ideally placed to regulate activity. We therefore investigated the stability of baseline [Cl-]i in adult mouse neocortex, using in vivo two-photon imaging. We found a two-fold increase in baseline [Cl-]i in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, from day to night, with marked effects upon both physiological cortical processing and seizure susceptibility. Importantly, the night-time activity can be converted to the day-time pattern by local inhibition of NKCC1, while inhibition of KCC2 converts day-time [Cl-]i towards night-time levels. Changes in the surface expression and phosphorylation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, matched these pharmacological effects. When we extended the dark period by 4 h, mice remained active, but [Cl-]i was modulated as for animals in normal light cycles. Our data thus demonstrate a daily [Cl-]i modulation with complex effects on cortical excitability.TelethonRegione ToscanaRoyal SocietyBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Medical Research Council (MRC)Epilepsy Research UKNewcastle UniversityScuola Normale Superior

Combining scanning probe microscopy and x-ray spectroscopy

A new versatile tool, combining Shear Force Microscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy was designed and constructed to obtain simultaneously surface topography and chemical mapping. Using a sharp optical fiber as microscope probe, it is possible to collect locally the visible luminescence of the sample. Results of tests on ZnO and on ZnWO4 thin layers are in perfect agreement with that obtained with other conventional techniques. Twin images obtained by simultaneous acquisition in near field of surface topography and of local visible light emitted by the sample under X-Ray irradiation in synchrotron environment are shown. Replacing the optical fibre by an X-ray capillary, it is possible to collect local X-ray fluorescence of the sample. Preliminary results on Co-Ti sample analysis are presented

Obstructed defaecation syndrome: European consensus guidelines on the surgical management.

Not availabl