Reconstrues Legislation: the Effectiveness of Presidential Veto in Government System in Indonesia Based on the State of the Republic of Indonesia 1945 Constitution

In the Indonesian Government System, the president is the supreme authority of the government under the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia. After 4 (four) amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the presidential power experienced a shift in function and role as a result of the magnitude of the flow of political interests, so that almost all the power of the president on the authority of legislation in the 1945 Constitution of the 1945 Constitution largely lacked a permanent legal power and formal juridical. We know that the substance of the authority of presidential legislation if based on the presidential system of government does not exist and is not given real space. Consequently, the president as the mandate of the people's sovereignty must be able to control the system of government even though the fact that there is dominance of the legislative institution to the presidential institution together with the cabinet that is the authority of presidential legislation in the constitution of the state 1945 Constitution has no law forces so that the wheel of development does not run normally -target is planned. The hope is that our country's constitution must be able to guarantee the principle of balance of authority and mutual supervision that governs the legislation of the president against the product of the law. Writing methodology based on the literature review contained in books, papers, newspapers, scientific articles, journals, and legislation as the object under study. The results of the study and analysis conclude: (1) The Veto of the President is not effective when reviewed in the constitutional document of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; (2) The inconsistency of the Presidential Government System of Indonesia with the contents of the articles of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; (3) it is recommended that the fifth amendment of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the revision of Law Number 12 Year 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation to be followed up by MPR RI and the President; (4) The Presidential Regulation in Lieu of Law, according to the authors must be absolutely given to the President without the intervention of the House of Representatives because the President as Head of State and has the Highest Government Authority under the 1945 Constitution between State Institutions

Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja Pegawai pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kota Kendari

Thus, this research aims to: (1) To know the leadership style of the Head of Department to improve the employee motivation in Kendari Public Works Department. (2) To know the work motivation of employees at the Kendari Public Works Department.This research is qualitative research, which is research procedure that produces an analytical description of the written word and the behaviour of the object being observed. In this research, the determination of the informant set intentionally. Data was collected using three techniques, namely, observation, interviews and document analysis.The results showed that: 1) the dominant leadership style adopted by the Head of Department of Kendari Public Works is democratic leadership. This is based on interviews and analysis according to each indicator - free leadership style, autocratic, bureaucratic and undemocratic. All informants stated that the Head of the Kendari Public Works Department divides the tasks to subordinates in a fair and equitable, and using collaboration and discussion within the team to discuss the work and decision-making, this is in accordance with democratic leadership style indicator. While other leadership styles, there are several indicators that are not met. 2) Democratic leadership style adopted by the Kendari Head of the Public Works Department has not fully improved employee motivation. This is according to the results of the analysis and interviews on each indicator. As; still lack some office facilities and field facility at the sub-variable leadership attention on employee work environment; still, a lack of employees who follow the Structural Training, take formal education (bachelor and master) on the sub-variable provide opportunities for advanced. This is an indicator that can reduce the work motivation of employees of the Kendari City Public Works Department

Internet-based search of randomised trials relevant to mental health originating in the Arab world

BACKGROUND: The internet is becoming a widely used source of accessing medical research through various on-line databases. This instant access to information is of benefit to busy clinicians and service users around the world. The population of the Arab World is comparable to that of the United States, yet it is widely believed to have a greatly contrasting output of randomised controlled trials related to mental health. This study was designed to investigate the existence of such research in the Arab World and also to investigate the availability of this research on-line. METHODS: Survey of findings from three internet-based potential sources of randomised trials originating from the Arab world and relevant to mental health care. RESULTS: A manual search of an Arabic online current contents service identified 3 studies, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO searches identified only 1 study, and a manual search of a specifically indexed, study-based mental health database, PsiTri, revealed 27 trials. CONCLUSION: There genuinely seem to be few trials from the Arab world and accessing these on-line was problematic. Replication of some studies that guide psychiatric/psychological practice in the Arab world would seem prudent

Comparative Demography of the Spider Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, on four Date Palm Varieties in Southwestern Tunisia

The date palm mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a serious pest of palm date fruits. Life cycle, fecundity, and longevity of this mite were studied on fruits of four date palms, Phoenix dactylifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae)(varieties: Deglet Noor, Alig, Kentichi, and Besser), under laboratory conditions at 27 = 1 °C, 60 ± 10% RH. Total development time of immature female was shorter on Deglet Noor fruits than on the other cultivars. O. afrasiaticus on Deglet Noor had the highest total fecundity per female, while low fecundity values occurred on Besser. The comparison of intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rates (Ro), and the survival rates of immature stage of O. afrasiaticus on the host plants suggests that O. afrasiaticus performs better on Deglet Noor fruits. The mite feeding on Alig showed the lowest intrinsic rate of natural population increase (rm = 0.103 day 1). The estimation of difference in susceptibility of cultivars to O. afrasiaticus is crucial for developing efficient pest control programs. Indeed, less susceptible cultivars can either be left unsprayed or sprayed at low threshold

Traditional Excluding Forces: A Review of the Quantitative Literature on the Economic Situation of Indigenous Peoples, Afro-Descendants, and People Living with Disability

Unequal income distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean is linked to unequal distributions of (human and physical) assets and differential access to markets and services. These circumstances, and the accompanying social tensions, need to be understood in terms of traditional fragmenting forces; the sectors of the population who experience unfavorable outcomes are also recognized by characteristics such as ethnicity, race, gender and physical disability. In addition to reviewing the general literature on social exclusion, this paper surveys several more specific topics: i) relative deprivation (in land and housing, physical infrastructure, health and income); ii) labor market issues, including access to labor markets in general, as well as informality, segregation and discrimination; iii) the transaction points of political representation, social protection and violence; and iv) areas where analysis remains weak and avenues for further research in the region

Need for recovery amongst emergency physicians in the UK and Ireland: A cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVES: To determine the need for recovery (NFR) among emergency physicians and to identify demographic and occupational characteristics associated with higher NFR scores. DESIGN: Cross-sectional electronic survey. SETTING: Emergency departments (EDs) (n=112) in the UK and Ireland. PARTICIPANTS: Emergency physicians, defined as any registered physician working principally within the ED, responding between June and July 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: NFR Scale, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses how work demands affect intershift recovery. RESULTS: The median NFR Score for all 4247 eligible, consented participants with a valid NFR Score was 70.0 (95% CI: 65.5 to 74.5), with an IQR of 45.5-90.0. A linear regression model indicated statistically significant associations between gender, health conditions, type of ED, clinical grade, access to annual and study leave, and time spent working out-of-hours. Groups including male physicians, consultants, general practitioners (GPs) within the ED, those working in paediatric EDs and those with no long-term health condition or disability had a lower NFR Score. After adjusting for these characteristics, the NFR Score increased by 3.7 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.1) and 6.43 (95% CI: 2.0 to 10.8) for those with difficulty accessing annual and study leave, respectively. Increased percentage of out-of-hours work increased NFR Score almost linearly: 26%-50% out-of-hours work=5.7 (95% CI: 3.1 to 8.4); 51%-75% out-of-hours work=10.3 (95% CI: 7.6 to 13.0); 76%-100% out-of-hours work=14.5 (95% CI: 11.0 to 17.9). CONCLUSION: Higher NFR scores were observed among emergency physicians than reported in any other profession or population to date. While out-of-hours working is unavoidable, the linear relationship observed suggests that any reduction may result in NFR improvement. Evidence-based strategies to improve well-being such as proportional out-of-hours working and improved access to annual and study leave should be carefully considered and implemented where feasible

Search for low-mass dark matter via bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect in SuperCDMS

We present a new analysis of previously published SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood framework to search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering these possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that are undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to 220  MeV/c2 at 2.7×10−30  cm2 via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search provides overall considerably more stringent limits and excludes DM masses down to 30  MeV/c2 at 5.0×10−30  cm2

A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

We present a new analysis of previously published of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood framework to search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering these possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that are undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to $220~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $2.7 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$ via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search provides overall considerably more stringent limits and excludes DM masses down to $30~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $5.0 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$.Comment: Submitted to PR

First measurement of the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon at 100 eV

We measured the nuclear--recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a mono-energetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4\,keV down to 100\,eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100\,eV. These results call for further investigation of the ionization yield theory and a comprehensive determination of the detector response function at energies below the keV scale