Relation entre Maladies Parodontales et Maladies cardiovasculaires : Revue de la littérature

Introduction : La maladie parodontale (MP) est une maladie inflammatoire complexe qui détruit les tissus de soutien de la dent (parodonte) avec une étiologie multifactorielle elle a été liée au diabète, aux obstructions chroniques des voies respiratoires, aux maladies rénales chroniques, aux syndromes métaboliques, à certains types de cancers, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et aux maladies cardiovasculaires. Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) constituent un ensemble de troubles affectant le cœur et les vaisseaux sanguins, leur cause la plus courante est l’athérosclérose, qui correspond à un remaniement pathologique de la paroi interne des artères de gros et moyen calibres par accumulation de lipides, glucides complexes, éléments sanguins et dépôts calcaires, formant des plaques d’athérosclérose. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est de déterminer la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Matériels et Méthodes : Pour ce travail une stratégie de recherche documentaire électronique a été réalisée dans 2 bases de données dont Pub Med et Google scholar. Ainsi 423 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les maladies cardiovasculaires publiés en anglais ou en français avec texte intégral dans la période allant de 1989 à 2016 ont été sélectionnés. Les titres et résumés des articles retrouvés grâce à la stratégie de recherche ont été passés en revue. Les articles qui n’étaient pas pertinents pour une inclusion ont été écartés dès ce stade. Les données recueillies ont subi une analyse après mise en œuvre des critères d’inclusions : Etudes réalisées chez les humains et rédigées en anglais ou en français et publiés entre 1989 à 2016. Les articles inclus étaient ceux après lecture des titres, des résumés jugés pertinents dont 35 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les Maladies Cardiovasculaires ont été sélectionnés. Résultat : Au total 35 articles traitant la relation entre les maladies parodontales et les Maladies cardiovasculaires ont été sélectionnés compte tenu de leurs cohérence et pertinence. La limite a été la consultation que de 2 bases de données. Les bactériémies associées aux parodontites sont responsables d’une activation de la réponse immuno-inflammatoire favorisant la formation, la maturation et la complication des plaques d’athérome. Il existe un risque accru de MCV chez les patients atteints de parodontite chronique, indépendamment des autres facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires. Le traitement parodontal réduit le niveau d’inflammation systémique et améliore la fonction endothéliale, mais ne modifie pas la dyslipidémie. Conclusion : avec une étiologie infectieuse pour les maladies et divers pour les maladies cardiovasculaires, un lien a été établi entre les deux maladies dans diverses études épidémiologiques et cliniques mais toutes fois reste controverse dans d’autre

Perturbation theory of the dynamic inverse spin Hall effect with charge conservation

We present gauge-invariant theory of the dynamic inverse spin Hall effect driven by the spin--orbit interaction in metallic systems. Charge conservation is imposed diagrammatically by including vertex corrections. We show the charge current is induced by an effective electric field that is proportional to the spin current pumped by the magnetization dynamics. The result is consistent with recent experiments.Comment: 16pages, 5figure

Characteristics of transposable element exonization within human and mouse

Insertion of transposed elements within mammalian genes is thought to be an important contributor to mammalian evolution and speciation. Insertion of transposed elements into introns can lead to their activation as alternatively spliced cassette exons, an event called exonization. Elucidation of the evolutionary constraints that have shaped fixation of transposed elements within human and mouse protein coding genes and subsequent exonization is important for understanding of how the exonization process has affected transcriptome and proteome complexities. Here we show that exonization of transposed elements is biased towards the beginning of the coding sequence in both human and mouse genes. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that exonization of transposed elements can be population-specific, implying that exonizations may enhance divergence and lead to speciation. SNP density analysis revealed differences between Alu and other transposed elements. Finally, we identified cases of primate-specific Alu elements that depend on RNA editing for their exonization. These results shed light on TE fixation and the exonization process within human and mouse genes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia

Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene-flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered

Emergent Phenomena Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling at Surfaces and Interfaces

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) describes the relativistic interaction between the spin and momentum degrees of freedom of electrons, and is central to the rich phenomena observed in condensed matter systems. In recent years, new phases of matter have emerged from the interplay between SOC and low dimensionality, such as chiral spin textures and spin-polarized surface and interface states. These low-dimensional SOC-based realizations are typically robust and can be exploited at room temperature. Here we discuss SOC as a means of producing such fundamentally new physical phenomena in thin films and heterostructures. We put into context the technological promise of these material classes for developing spin-based device applications at room temperature

First searches for optical counterparts to gravitational-wave candidate events

During the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory and Virgo joint science runs in 2009-2010, gravitational wave (GW) data from three interferometer detectors were analyzed within minutes to select GW candidate events and infer their apparent sky positions. Target coordinates were transmitted to several telescopes for follow-up observations aimed at the detection of an associated optical transient. Images were obtained for eight such GW candidates. We present the methods used to analyze the image data as well as the transient search results. No optical transient was identified with a convincing association with any of these candidates, and none of the GW triggers showed strong evidence for being astrophysical in nature. We compare the sensitivities of these observations to several model light curves from possible sources of interest, and discuss prospects for future joint GW-optical observations of this type. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved

Comparison of Three Targeted Enrichment Strategies on the SOLiD Sequencing Platform

Despite the ever-increasing throughput and steadily decreasing cost of next generation sequencing (NGS), whole genome sequencing of humans is still not a viable option for the majority of genetics laboratories. This is particularly true in the case of complex disease studies, where large sample sets are often required to achieve adequate statistical power. To fully leverage the potential of NGS technology on large sample sets, several methods have been developed to selectively enrich for regions of interest. Enrichment reduces both monetary and computational costs compared to whole genome sequencing, while allowing researchers to take advantage of NGS throughput. Several targeted enrichment approaches are currently available, including molecular inversion probe ligation sequencing (MIPS), oligonucleotide hybridization based approaches, and PCR-based strategies. To assess how these methods performed when used in conjunction with the ABI SOLID3+, we investigated three enrichment techniques: Nimblegen oligonucleotide hybridization array-based capture; Agilent SureSelect oligonucleotide hybridization solution-based capture; and Raindance Technologies' multiplexed PCR-based approach. Target regions were selected from exons and evolutionarily conserved areas throughout the human genome. Probe and primer pair design was carried out for all three methods using their respective informatics pipelines. In all, approximately 0.8 Mb of target space was identical for all 3 methods. SOLiD sequencing results were analyzed for several metrics, including consistency of coverage depth across samples, on-target versus off-target efficiency, allelic bias, and genotype concordance with array-based genotyping data. Agilent SureSelect exhibited superior on-target efficiency and correlation of read depths across samples. Nimblegen performance was similar at read depths at 20× and below. Both Raindance and Nimblegen SeqCap exhibited tighter distributions of read depth around the mean, but both suffered from lower on-target efficiency in our experiments. Raindance demonstrated the highest versatility in assay design