889 research outputs found
Energy Analysis and Energy Conservation Options for the Addition to Records Storage Building
The energy use and peak load requirements of the addition to
Records Storage Building in Austin, Texas were analyzed using the
DOE 2.1B building energy simulation program. An analysis was made
for the building as specified in schematic designs and primary
drawings. To reduce the solar heat gain of the building through
the windows and skylights, a glass with high reflectivity and low
overall heat transfer coefficient was used to study the reduction
of glass conduction and glass solar loads. Other options which
were studied included increasing the wall and roof insulation,-
reducing the light level, temperature setback, and implementing
the proposed ASHRAE standards. Finally, the energy consumption of
the building was compared with the energy consumption of the
building with solar film and other options which conformed to the
proposed ASHRAE energy standard
Two-Phase Flow of Two HFC Refrigerant Mixtures Through Short Tube Orifices, Draft Final Report
The need for new refrigerants was established when scientists first realized the ozone depleting effects of CFC and HCFC refrigerants. The chlorine atom in these refrigerants is capable of reaching the upper atmosphere where one chlorine atom can destroy more than 100,000 ozone atoms(Lang1ey 1994). Laws have been enacted to halt the destruction of the ozone layer and force industry to find replacements for the ozone depleting refrigerants. Section 608 of the Clean Air Act (1990) prohibited the venting of ozone depleting refrigerants as of July 1, 1992. In addition the Clean Air Act (1990) also requires the EPA to develop regulations limiting the emissions of ozone depleting refrigerants. Efforts are currently underway to find CFC replacements before the complete phaseout of CFC manufacturing in January of 1996. Much of the effort to replace CFC and HCFC refrigerants has centered on development of refrigerant mixtures that could replace R-22. Before systems can be designed with a new refrigerant (or mixture), thermodynamic and thermophysical properties must first be characterized. An important component in air conditioners is the expansion device. Because of their low cost, several manufacturers have chosen to use short tube orifices for the expansion device in their systems. Designing a system with an orifice requires knowledge of the flow characteristics of short tube orifices. Recent work on orifices has focused on R-12 and R-22 (Kim and O'Neal, 1993a; Aaron and Domanski, 1990; Krakow, 1988; and Mei, 1982). In addition, there are unpublished data on R-134a @m and ONeal, 1993b) and the effect of lubricants on flow characteristics (Kim, 1993; Kim and O'Neal, 1994b).The present study presents data for flow of two refrigerant mixtures through short tube orifices. The two mixtures were R3211251134a (23%/25%/52% on a mass percentage basis) and R321125 (50%/50%). The following presents results for the flow of these two refrigerants through short tube orifices of various diameters and lengths of 0.5 in (12.7 mm), 0.75 in (19.05 mm), and 1.00 in (25.4 mm) in a pure form and mixed with various mass percentages of oil
Intra-valley topographical control of nocturnal valley winds
July 1987.Bibliography: leaves 99-101.Sponsored by the National Science Foundation ATM-830428.Sponsored by the Colorado State University Agricultural Experiment Station
A Computer Analysis of Energy Use and Energy Conservation Options for a Twelve Story Office Building in Austin, Texas
The energy use of the Travis Building
at Austin, Texas was analyzed using the DOE
2.1B building energy simulation program.
An analysis was made for the building as
specified in the building plans and as
operated by the personnel currently
occupying the building. The energy
consumption of the building was compared
with the energy consumption of the building
modified to comply with the proposed ASHRAE
90.1p standards. The base design and the
ASHRAE design of the Travis building were
evaluated in Brownsville, Houston, Lubbock,
and El Paso to study the influence of the
weather on its energy consumption. In
addition, a glass with high reflectivity
and low overall heat transfer coefficient
was used to study the reduction of glass
conduction and glass solar loads. Finally,
the energy consumption of the modified
building was compared with the energy
consumption of the modified building which
conformed to the California energy
standards
Development of Temperature and Humidity-Based Indicators for Diagnosing Problems in Low Tonnage, Split System Air Conditioners
This paper presents results of a survey of the
literature and identifies the most common degraded
conditions associated with low-tonnage air
conditioners. Other laboratory studies as well as
marketed diagnostic systems are also summarized. A
procedure for identification of useful, low-cost
temperature-based indicators of degraded conditions
has been developed at the Energy Systems
Laboratory, Texas A&M University in College
Station, TX under contract to Honeywell. This paper
presents the methodology used to identify the
temperature-based indicators for the most common
degraded conditions gleaned from the literature
Trends in Building Energy Usage in Texas State Agencies
In late 1983, a cost containment program was
initiated out of the governor's office directed at
the major state agencies. The Energy Management
Group at Texas A&M University provided technical
expertise in obtaining agency energy usage and cost
figures for the fiscal years 1981 to 1983. While
there is considerable diversity from agency to
agency, the trend is toward dramatically higher
energy cost per square foot for virtually all
agencies. This alarming trend can be partially
explained by rising unit costs for gas and
electricity and a lack of incentives for
conservation efforts due to the method of utility
budget allocations. A building standard signed into
law in 1976 could have reduced energy consumption,
but was never enforced. Beginning in fiscal year
1986, universities will be allowed to comingle
utility money with capital operating money so that
conservation can really pay off for them
Metering and Calibration in LoanSTAR Buildings
End-use metering in commercial buildings often
requires installation of a large variety of transducers and data
loggers. The metering installation group in the LoanSTAR
monitoring program has the primary responsibility for the
installation and maintenance of the metering hardware. This
paper provides an overview of the responsibilities and first
year experiences of the metering installation group of the
LoanSTAR monitoring program. In addition, the calibration
laboratory is also described
Assessing Ongoing Electronic Resource Purchases: Linking Tools to Synchronize Staff Workflows
Ongoing electronic resource purchases represent a substantial proportion of collections budgets. Recognizing the necessity of systematic ongoing assessment with full selector engagement, Columbia University Libraries appointed an Electronic Resources Assessment Working Group to promote the inclusion of such resources within our current culture of assessment. This article describes the Working Group’s implementation of an electronic resource renewal reminder system in Google Calendar, a calendar already in use by selectors for daily scheduling. In discussing this particular solution, this article shows how libraries can link existing systems together to move beyond their limitations and integrate them into existing staff workflows
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