13 research outputs found

    Minskade förluster vid ensilering av grovfoder

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    Förluster vid ensilering har uppmĂ€tts i laboratorieskala och i fullskala pĂ„ gĂ„rdar. Förluster av kasserat ensilage pĂ„ gĂ„rdarna utgjorde ca 2 % av torrsubstansen (ts) medan osynliga förluster i form av koldioxid och vĂ€rme uppmĂ€ttes till 10–20 % i plan-, slang- och tornsilor och ca 1 % i rundbalar. Laboratorieförsök visar att den lĂ„nga tid som stora silor stĂ„r öppna under uttagstiden utgjorde en viktig orsak till stora förluster. En mer omfattande packning av grönmassan vid inlĂ€ggning samt bĂ€ttre tĂ€ckning verkade kunna minska förlusterna i plansilor. Projektet har inte kunnat pĂ„visa att temperaturen i plansilor Ă€r en trovĂ€rdig mĂ€tare av torrsubstansförlusten. Inte heller har halten eller arten av jĂ€st i grönmassan kunnat knytas till förluster eller lagringsstabilitet. Silons tĂ€thet och ensilagets ts-halt var de faktorer som pĂ„verkade lagringsstabiliteten mest. Hög ts-halt och otĂ€t silo under lagringen ger ett ensilage med vĂ€sentligt kortare hĂ„llbarhet efter öppningen. Studien pĂ„ gĂ„rdar visar att en bĂ€ttre packad och tĂ€tare silo kan leda till 10 procentenheter mindre ts-förlust vilket motsvarar ett fodervĂ€rde av ca 25 000 kronor för en normalstor plansilo

    Relation between seal integrity and hygienic quality in silage bales and differences between baling techniques

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    Bale silage is widely used in many countries on small and medium sized cattle farms and for horses. About 8 million bales are produced annually in Sweden, corresponding to approximately 45% of the total silage production of 4.5 million ton DM (Pettersson, 2006; SCB, 2016). Sufficient protection against air intrusion during storage is essential in all ensiling, and since introduction of the round bale technique, seal integrity of bales has continuously been improved. When the technique to make silage in bales was introduced, bales were inserted in plastic bags but this was soon replaced by the stretch film technique. During the last two decades, the polyethylene industry has continuously developed new stretch film qualities which have been tested on round and square bales of grass at the Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, SLU. Degree of air-tightness of bales, seal integrity have been measured in these studies by the time it takes for an induced under-pressure to disappear in the bales. Silage quality has thereafter been analyzed in terms of standard chemical analysis of fermentation parameters such as pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids and hygienic standard in terms of cell counts of yeast and mould. The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the relation between seal integrity, measured as pressure equalization time, and fermentation parameters and hygienic quality. Furthermore, data was used in a meta-analysis to study how silage quality was affected by number of stretch film layers and by using round- or square bales

    Sex-driven variability in TSPO-expressing microglia in MS patients and healthy individuals

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    Background: Males with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher risk for disability progression than females, but the reasons for this are unclear.Objective: We hypothesized that potential differences in TSPO-expressing microglia between female and male MS patients could contribute to sex differences in clinical disease progression.Methods: The study cohort consisted of 102 MS patients (mean (SD) age 45.3 (9.7) years, median (IQR) disease duration 12.1 (7.0–17.2) years, 72% females, 74% relapsing–remitting MS) and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. TSPO-expressing microglia were measured using the TSPO-binding radioligand [11C](R)-PK11195 and brain positron emission tomography (PET). TSPO-binding was quantified as distribution volume ratio (DVR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), thalamus, whole brain and cortical gray matter (cGM).Results: Male MS patients had higher DVRs compared to female patients in the whole brain [1.22 (0.04) vs. 1.20 (0.02), p = 0.002], NAWM [1.24 (0.06) vs. 1.21 (0.05), p = 0.006], thalamus [1.37 (0.08) vs. 1.32 (0.02), p = 0.008] and cGM [1.25 (0.04) vs. 1.23 (0.04), p = 0.028]. Similarly, healthy men had higher DVRs compared to healthy women except for cGM. Of the studied subgroups, secondary progressive male MS patients had the highest DVRs in all regions, while female controls had the lowest DVRs.Conclusion: We observed higher TSPO-binding in males compared to females among people with MS and in healthy individuals. This sex-driven inherent variability in TSPO-expressing microglia may predispose male MS patients to greater likelihood of disease progression.<br/

    2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

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    In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

    Hur pÄverkas majsen av frost pÄ hösten?

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    Majs för skörd som ensilage odlas pÄ mÄnga platser i Sverige dÀr frosten ofta intrÀffar tidigt pÄ hösten innan majsen Àr riktigt mogen för skörd. En vanlig iakttagelse Àr dock att kolvarna ofta synes fortsÀtta vÀxa Àven efter frosten och mÄnga odlare vÀljer dÀrför att avvakta med skörden dÄ vÀdret ofta kan blir varmare igen. I detta försök odlades majs för skörd till ensilage pÄ tre platser under tvÄ Är för att studera hur grödan utvecklades i samband med den första frosten. Resultatet visar att majsplantans nÀringsupptag frÄn marken upphör vid första frosten men att redan upptagen nÀring i form av socker omvandlas inom vÀxten till stÀrkelse i kolvarna. Plantan ser dÀrför ut att fortsÀtta vÀxa om man endast tittar pÄ kolvarna. Den totala torrsubstansskörden ökar emellertid inte efter första frosten och fiberdelarna av plantan blir lÄngsamt alltmer osmÀltbara. Nettoeffekten Àr dÀrför att man inte fÄr nÄgon ytterligare avkastning per hektar genom att lÄta plantan stÄ kvar efter frosten. Vid frosten pÄverkas Àven delar av plantan sÄ att mögel kan börja tillvÀxa, vilket med tiden ökar risken för att mykotoxiner bildas. Rekommendationen Àr dÀrför att skörda majsen snarast efter att första frosten har intrÀffat, Àven om det Àr tidigare Àn den Äsyftade stÀrkelsehalten i plantan uppnÄtts

    Mantelfilm i rundbalar vid ensilering av vallfoder

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    Ensilagekvaliteten i rundbalar som packats pÄ konventionellt vis jÀmfördes med rundbalar dÀr nÀtet ersatts av en sÄ kallad mantelfilm. Efter nÀt eller mantelfilm applicerades 4, 6 eller 8 lager vanlig strÀckfilm. Försöket utfördes som ett randomiserat blockförsök med sex upprepningar. Balar med mantelfilm hade en bÀttre form med mindre volym, var tÀtare, hade högre CO2-halt, fÀrre mögelflÀckar samt ett lÀgre ammoniaktal. Vid utvÀrdering av effekten av antal lager strÀckfilm konstaterades att fler lager gav en tÀtare bal och bÀttre ensilagekvalitet. AnvÀndning av mantelfilm istÀllet för nÀt ledde till tÀtare balar, men försöket visade att det ÀndÄ inte Àr att rekommendera att gÄ Ànda ned till 4 lager strÀckfilm. DÀremot antyddes att en reduktion frÄn 8 till 6 lager skulle kunna gÄ bra. Den ekonomiska betydelsen kan mÀtas i antalet strÀckfilmslager, men ocksÄ i form av minskat arbete dÄ nÀt och plast inte behöver kÀllsorteras separat vid öppningen av balar och att arbetet dÀrmed blir lÀttare att mekanisera

    Presentation_1_Sex-driven variability in TSPO-expressing microglia in MS patients and healthy individuals.PPTX

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    BackgroundMales with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher risk for disability progression than females, but the reasons for this are unclear.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that potential differences in TSPO-expressing microglia between female and male MS patients could contribute to sex differences in clinical disease progression.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 102 MS patients (mean (SD) age 45.3 (9.7) years, median (IQR) disease duration 12.1 (7.0–17.2) years, 72% females, 74% relapsing–remitting MS) and 76 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. TSPO-expressing microglia were measured using the TSPO-binding radioligand [11C](R)-PK11195 and brain positron emission tomography (PET). TSPO-binding was quantified as distribution volume ratio (DVR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), thalamus, whole brain and cortical gray matter (cGM).ResultsMale MS patients had higher DVRs compared to female patients in the whole brain [1.22 (0.04) vs. 1.20 (0.02), p = 0.002], NAWM [1.24 (0.06) vs. 1.21 (0.05), p = 0.006], thalamus [1.37 (0.08) vs. 1.32 (0.02), p = 0.008] and cGM [1.25 (0.04) vs. 1.23 (0.04), p = 0.028]. Similarly, healthy men had higher DVRs compared to healthy women except for cGM. Of the studied subgroups, secondary progressive male MS patients had the highest DVRs in all regions, while female controls had the lowest DVRs.ConclusionWe observed higher TSPO-binding in males compared to females among people with MS and in healthy individuals. This sex-driven inherent variability in TSPO-expressing microglia may predispose male MS patients to greater likelihood of disease progression.</p
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