Development of time delay voltage control for lead acid battery using arduino

A time delay controller with voltage control technique is designed and developed in this project. In order to control the output voltage, a DC-DC buckboost converter has been development. The buckboost circuit with mosfet as a switching component has been drives by using gate driver as a medium between buckboost circuit and the ARDUINO that generates the PWM signals. The several of input voltage range which is from 10V for minimum voltage until 18V for maximum voltage has been tested in this project to determine the effectiveness of the output results for charging a battery. Finally, the control performance was evaluated through both simulations by using MATLAB software and also the experimental hardware. The results are observed in three conditions which are simulation, open loop control and close loop control. The simulation and experimental hardware results indicate that this control method shows successful for charging a battery

Finite Element Model of Machining with High Pressure Coolant for Ti-6Al-4V alloy

This study present a series of finite element models for high-pressure jet-assisted machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The application of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) together with the Johnson-Cook plasticity model, Cockcroft-Latham chip separation criteria and EOS polynomial were implemented to study the effect of coolant pressure on chip formation, cutting force and cutting temperature. The resulting motion of fluid at the tool-chip interface, chip breakage, cutting force as well as temperature generation at the tool-chip interface is then interpreted, analyzed and compared to their real experimental results. The models simulate interactions between the fluid and solid structure, where continuous chip formation was observed when simulation in conventional coolant supply while chip breakage was clearly evident as high-pressure coolant was introduced. Increasing coolant pressure significantly reduce the friction at the tool-chip interface, which significantly reduced the cutting force and cutting temperature

Industrial math program gets nod from expert panel

JAN 20-22 KUALA LUMPUR: An expert panel workshop with senior academics and industry mathematicians was again held at the Concorde Inn, Sepang, chaired by Deputy Vice-Chancellor(Academic & Internationalization), Professor Dr. Sabarudin Mohd

Performance of Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid in mql turning operation via RSM approach

Cutting fluids can be used to cool workpieces at high cutting speeds and remove chips from cutting zones. The effectiveness of cutting fluids may be improved with the addition of hybrid nanoparticle dispersion. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid as a cutting fluid in turning operations. The Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid was prepared using a one-step method in computer numerical control (CNC) coolant with concentrations of up to 4%. Utilizing air-assisted nano-cutting fluids injected through a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) setup, the effectiveness of turning cutting performance, cutting temperature (°C), average surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear (%) were evaluated. Then, the response surface method (RSM) was utilized as the design of experiment (DOE) to optimize the turning cutting performance parameters. The combination of 4% hybrid nano-cutting fluid concentration, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 0.55 mm depth of cut yielded the lowest cutting temperature, surface roughness, and tool wear values of 25.3 °C, 0.480 µm, and 0.0104%, respectively. The 4% concentration of Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid inclusion achieved the highest surface roughness reduction that led to better surface finish and the lowest tool-wear reduction led to longer tool life. Therefore, Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluids were strongly recommended in turning operations for CNC lathes

Evaluation of energy consumption in small-scale agarwood distillation pot based on averaged control signal simulation

Water temperature of a hydro distillation process are represented by using first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model by performing a step test. From the model obtained, a PID controller have been implemented based on several tuning method includes Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon and Integral Square Error (ISE)-Load to enhance the performance of the system. In this study, a setpoint was set to 80°C and the comparative performance of PID controller with several tuning rules was evaluate and analyse via simulation. The analysis of the performance was depend on settling time, percentage of overshoot and rise time. Moreover, in this study, the average amount of control signal have been evaluated based on several tuning rules by using an integral control signal. The simulation result shows the ISE-Load that completed with minimum percentage of overshoot could result in best temperature control for hydro distillation process. However, in term of energy consumption, PID ZN gives lower energy usage

Generating the Specialized Engineering Word List for Students at Tertiary Level Education

Background: Research findings provide evidence that the use of word list may assist students in learning selected words which they may need to know for the purpose of reading and understanding a technical text. Objective: The objectives of the paper are to determine the specialised engineering word contained in the engineering textbooks as well as to identify the percentage of words contain in Specialised Engineering Word List (SEWL) as it is compared to AWL. Results: This study has found that there are 66 words in SEWL and less than 20% of the words listed in SEWL are available in AWL. Conclusion: The findings enhance our understanding that developing a specialised word list requires a systematic process. And the use of corpora instead of dictionary is more appropriate for researchers attempting to generate a word list. © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Zuraina Ali, Hafizoah Kassim, Nurul Nadia Mohammad, Rosnani Ismail, Siti Norzaimalina Abd Majid, Mohd Amir Izuddin Mohamad Ghazali., Generating the Specialized Engineering Word List for Students at Tertiary Level Education. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 8(24): 353-358, 2014 INTRODUCTION One of the most significant current discussions in learning vocabulary concerns with the use of the word list for specialised fields in assisting students" curriculum development (Jin, Ling, Tong, Sahiddan, Philip, Azmi and Tarmizi, 2012). The specialised vocabulary is recognisably specific to a particular topic, field, or discipline In a further research, On the other hand, Brown In understanding technical vocabulary, Chung and Nation Using a rating scale: This interrater reliability can be used to estimate whether there is a reasonable degree of agreement by different raters as to where a lexical item falls on the scale. While using the rating scale, the researchers agreed that in order for them to fully understand the meaning that the words conveyed, they have to be looked at in context. However, for the rating scale to be used efficiently, it requires good knowledge of the subject area as well as the training of the raters should be done using the same kinds of materials that are used for the research. Using a technical dictionary: The technical dictionary chosen for this method is Dorland"s Illustrated Medical Dictionary (2000). The dictionary was chosen for three reasons: the content was updated, large and has been created over 100 years ago. Using clues provided in the text: For this method, three major clues were included such as definitions, typographical clues like bolding, italics, and brackets and labels in diagrams or illustration. Using a computer-based approach: By employing RANGE -software which could calculate how often a word occurred (its frequency) and in how many different texts in the corpus it occurred (its range) as a tool to extract terms from the sample text together with a spreadsheet program like Excel, it requires a minimal amount of skill in using both of the programs. In view of the previous studies conducted on word list, it was found that the recent attention has focused on several aspects of using it in the classroom. One aspect concerns with comparing the use of the word list with other methods of learning vocabulary. Kuo and Ho (2012) conducted a study in a public junior high school in which four intact classes of ninth graders were chosen randomly. Each of the classes was also randomly assigned to four groups which were card-spaced, card-massed, list-spaced and list-massed. All of the students whom average age was 15 were taught by the same instructor/researcher equally. The students were asked to study 120 target words that were selected from the "Basic Word 2000" that was prepared by Taiwan"s Ministry of Education (MOE). By employing questionnaire, test and interview, the finding showed that word card strategy left significant effects on vocabulary retention among the students. Similarly, Baleghizadeh and Ashoori (2010) conducted a study to investigate the effectiveness of using keyword method to teach vocabulary over word list method. The study involved 44 female students at Ansari Junior High School in Astara, Iran. Two intact classes were chosen randomly with an average age of 13.5. Unlike the previous study (Kuo & Ho, 2012), the students did not have any knowledge on the use of keyword method and at the elementary level of English language proficiency. In Baleghizadeh and Ashoori"s (2010) study, however, a list of 20 English words with corresponding keyword and their Persian equivalents were randomly selected. In order to make sure that none of the target words have been encountered by the students, the researcher consulted the teacher in charge for both classes. As a result, Another aspect of using word list is to examine its various implementations in classes. Hoshino (2010) determined to prove that word list can be an excellent tool in teaching ESL to the learners. The purpose of his study was to examine which of the five types of word list (antonyms, synonyms, categorical, thematic and arbitrary) assisted L2 vocabulary learning. Conducted the study in Japan, a total of 119 Japanese university students were chosen. In term of the materials, Hoshino (2010) used forty English words for each of the word type. It was evident that among all types of word list, categorical was the most effective list for the L2 vocabulary learning. At the same, the study proved that word list can benefit the learner. In addition, Jeon and Shin (2011) investigated two different types of vocabulary learning condition; receptive learning and productive learning by using word list. The study that took place in a local private elementary school in Korea. Fifty English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners in the third grade have been selected. All of the students have studied English for at least 3 years and received English lessons five hours per week at school. A vocabulary lesson and tests were administered in an 85 minutes block class. 30 lexical items that were originally selected from the textbook which was used in the school was used for the purpose of this study in which later, it tested to verify that the students were unfamiliar with those items. In between those two learning conditions, the finding proved that productive learning aided learners to retain a substantial amount of vocabulary knowledge. Foley"s (2009) in his study integrated the use of word list in three main reading activities which were prereading, while reading and post-reading activities. Such was the implementation of word list in his study due to he argued that teachers need to be creative and inventive in using the resource in teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program. Meanwhile, Wang, Liang and Ge (2008) created the Medical Academic Word List (MAWL) with the intention to help the medical English learners as well as to provide guidelines for the designing and publishing of medical course books. Similar to MAWL, Fraser (2008) has presented the Pharmacology Word List that he claimed can save the learner"s time from learning words that would not be used in their pharmacology study. On the other hand, Ward (1999) came up with a vocabulary list specifically designed for the Engineering students. The list contained 2000 word families that covered 95% of the engineering texts. In addition to that, another set of words for the new engineering students was created by Ward (2009). He claimed that these undergraduates needed to be given attention as well since they were new to the world of engineering. In addition, Engineering Technology Word List (ETWL) is developed for English for Engineering Purposes (EEP). The study that was conducted by Jin, Ling, Tong, Sahiddan, Philip, Azmi and Tarmizi (2012) succeeded in developing Engineering Technology Word List (ETWL) consisted of 313 words. The study used corpus namely British National Corpus (BNC) to develop their list. It can be identified in the literatures that most studies on word list for technical vocabulary were focused mainly on comparing its use with other vocabulary methods. Despite previous researchers" effort in examining the use of technical word lists for EAP, medical and enginering fields, it seems that little is known about developing a word list using engineering online dictionary. Also, no research has been found to compare the word exist in ones word list; in particular engineering word list, with AWL, thus far. Having said this, the purpose of the study, therefore, aim at identifying the specialised engineering word list exist in engineering textbooks. In addition, it compares the word list that is obtained by the current study with AWL. This study, therefore, attempted to answer two research questions: 1. What are the specialised engineering word contained in the engineering textbooks? 2. What is the percentage of words contain in Specialised Engineering Word List (SEWL) as it is compared to AWL? MATERIALS AND METHODS Content analysis was used as the method to collect the data for the study. It is a technique that enables researchers to obtain written contents of a communication from newspaper editorials, graffiti, musical compositions, magazine, articles, advertisements and films (Fraenkel and Wallen, 2009). In the present study, content analysis was used to determine the words printed in two (2) textbooks namely AutoCAD and Circuit Analysis I. These books are used by the undergraduate students in Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The former books are used by the majority of students in all the faculties in the university while the latter is a course book that is used by the students in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty. The first process of collecting data required the researchers to identify the objective of conducting the content analysis. In the study, the aim of using the method is to obtain specialised engineering words printed in the textbooks. The process also involved defining term to be analyzed for the study. As far as this is concerned, the term in the current study referred to the engineering words itself. Also, they were the units or elements that were analysed in the study. The second process involved locating relevant data for the study. In this process, two engineering textbooks were selected and their pages were scanned. Since the objective of the study is to identif

Evaluation on energy consumption in compact hydro distillation process between MPC and PID control

This paper presents the comparison of the MPC and PID control in compact hydro distillation process. Both of PID controllers and MPC undergone the performances of controller tests such as set point, set point change and load disturbances. The comparative performances of MPC and PID controllers (PIDCC and PIDZN) were evaluated and analysed based on transient responses performance and also in term of energy consumption via simulation. The simulation results show that MPC gives good performances in term of transient responses such as settling time, rise time and percentage of overshoot. Moreover, in term of energy consumption, the integral absolute control signal (IACS) has been used to simulate the energy that have been consumed. The result indicates that, MPC produces lower IACS compared to both PID controllers

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication