Isolation, Characterisation and Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Symbionts Hardcoral Pavona sp. Isolated from Panjang Island, Jepara Against Infectious Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

Pavona sp. is highly spread over Indonesian waters including Panjang Island. Several studies showed that bacteria symbionts hardcoral were the big source of antibiotic product, but there was limited research of the bacteria symbionts with hardcoral Pavona sp. In this research bacteria symbionts from hardcoral Pavona sp. had been collected from Panjang Island, Jepara. Marine bacteria symbionts were isolated by serial dillution method, while antibacterial activity was performed by using overlay and agar block method. The total of 2 from 5 isolates were active to MDR bacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes and Acinetobacter baumanii, the code were PHC 44/04 and PHC 44/05. Then both of them were identified by morphological and molecular DNA characterization using 16 S rRNA gene sequence. The result of 16 S rRNA identification shows PHC 44/04 has 99% similarities with Virgibacillus salarius strain sa-Vb 1, while PHC 44/05 shows 99% similarities with Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra strain NCIMB 2033

Screening Antibacterial Agent from Crude Extract of Marine-Derived Fungi Associated with Soft Corals against MDR-Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a Gram-positive bacteria and member of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) which has the highest level of antimicrobial resistance. This nosocomial pathogen due to skin or soft tissue infections, bacteremia, septicemia, peritonitis, otitis media, meningitis and urinary tract infections. The ability to produce enterotoxins, hemolysins, biofilm, and cytotoxins could be an important characteristic for the successful of infection. Marine-derived fungi have potency as a continuous supply of bioactive compound. The aim of this research was screening antibacterial agent from crude extracts of marine-derived fungi associated with soft corals against MDR-S. haemolyticus. Among 23 isolates of marine-derived fungi isolated from 7 soft corals, there were 4 isolates active against MDR-S. haemolyticus. The screening was conducted by using agar plug diffusion method. Isolate PPSC-27-A4 had the highest antibacterial activity with diameter 23±9,6 mm. The crude extract from this isolate had been confirmed to antibacterial susceptibility test and it had the highest antibacterial activity in 12.2 mm with concentration of 300μg/ml from mycelia extract. PPSC-27-A4 had been characterized in molecular, based on the sequence analysis of 18S rRNA, PPSC-27-A4 isolate was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Comparative analysis of bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased corals in the Indonesian sea

Coral reef ecosystems are impacted by climate change and human activities, such as increasing coastal development, overfishing, sewage and other pollutant discharge, and consequent eutrophication, which triggers increasing incidents of diseases and deterioration of corals worldwide. In this study, bacterial communities associated with four species of corals: Acropora aspera, Acropora formosa, Cyphastrea sp., and Isopora sp. in the healthy and disease stages with different diseases were compared using tagged 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 59 bacterial phyla, 190 orders, and 307 genera were assigned in coral metagenomes where Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were predominated followed by Bacteroidetes together with Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Lentisphaerae as minor taxa. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) showed separated clustering of bacterial diversity in healthy and infected groups for individual coral species. Fusibacter was found as the major bacterial genus across all corals. The lower number of Fusibacter was found in A. aspera infected with white band disease and Isopora sp. with white plaque disease, but marked increases of Vibrio and Acrobacter, respectively, were observed. This was in contrast to A. formosa infected by a black band and Cyphastrea sp. infected by yellow blotch diseases which showed an increasing abundance of Fusibacter but a decrease in WH1-8 bacteria. Overall, infection was shown to result in disturbance in the complexity and structure of the associated bacterial microbiomes which can be relevant to the pathogenicity of the microbes associated with infected corals