Perfil emprendedor del estudiante de la facultad de ciencias empresariales de la Universidad de Talca.

113 p.La presente investigación tiene por finalidad describir el perfil emprendedor de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad de Talca, este trabajo se basa en aplicar un cuestionario que lleva a diagnosticar el potencial emprendedor de los alumnos por medio de 10 características, finalmente se construye un perfil, en donde podemos describir las características del comportamiento emprendedor mas y menos desarrolladas por los estudiantes. Este instrumento se ha utilizado en diversas instituciones tanto nacionales como internacionales, en Chile es de propiedad intelectual de Fundación Chile. La segunda parte del cuestionario es de elaboración propia, está compuesta por preguntas demográficas que nos ayudan a caracterizar la muestra. Estratificamos la muestra por carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales: Ingenieria Comercial m/adm. , Ingenieria Comercial m/inf y Auditoria. El análisis de datos obtenidos a través de las encuestas se realiz6 con el apoyo de Excel y el software estadístico SPSS. Dentro de los principales resultados se destaca que las tres características más desarrolladas en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad de Talca son fijar metas, exigir eficiencia y calidad, y tener autoconfianza. Por otra parte las características menos desarrolladas en los estudiantes son ser persuasivo y crear redes de apoyo, buscar oportunidades y tener iniciativa, y por ultimo correr riesgos

Prospeccion del mercado estadounidense para la exportacion de productos organicos

88 p.En el presente estudio se analizan las posibilidades de Exportación de Productos Orgánicos a Estados Unidos. Para lograr el objetivo general se desarrolló una serie de objetivos específicos que permiten conocer la Industria de Productos Orgánicos en Estados Unidos, la descripción del Mercado de Productos Orgánicos estadounidense, así como también cuáles son los Productos Orgánicos demandados por Estados Unidos y que Chile potencialmente puede satisfacer, además se determinó los requisitos y la logística de transporte para los Productos Orgánicos. La investigación se realiza al comienzo en forma Exploratoria, pues en Chile no se encuentran estudios con las mismas características e interrogantes presentes en éste, sirviendo de base a investigaciones que se realicen con posterioridad. Para recolectar la información que se presenta en este estudio se recurrió tanto a fuentes primarias como secundarias, dentro de las primeras se entrevistaron a expertos en el tema como Exportadores de Productos Orgánicos. En las fuentes secundarias se recopiló información de Internet, tanto en páginas del Gobierno Chileno como de Estados Unidos, así como también Revistas relacionadas al tema. En la segunda instancia se realizó un estudio de tipo Descriptivo Concluyente, para lograr dar respuesta a los objetivos propuestos, utilizando la lista de chequeo propuesta en el Modelo de Narbona. Al comparar los productos demandados por Estados Unidos y los ofrecidos por Chile se llegó a una conclusión aplicando la técnica de filtros a la información obtenida y en la logística de transporte se utilizaron los Incoterms correspondientes. El Mercado de Estados Unidos corresponde a un nicho de mercado con aumento progresivo en el tiempo, donde los Productos Orgánicos son distribuidos principalmente por los Minoristas y toda la Cadena de Distribución de Productos Orgánicos debe necesariamente cumplir con las Especificaciones Técnicas y con el Proceso de Certificación solicitado por Estados Unidos. En cuanto a los precios ellos dependen del tipo de producto y el lugar donde se compren, evidenciando claramente un sobreprecio por sobre los convencionales, siendo los Productos Orgánicos con mayor potencial de exportación las frutas y hortalizas frescas

Comportamiento emprendedor de alumnos que cursan cuarto ano de ensenanza media en la comuna de Curico.

60 p.La investigación consistió en la medición de la Capacidad Emprendedora en jóvenes que cursan cuarto año de enseñanza media en la comuna de Curicó. La medición se realizó a través de aplicación del test de tendencia emprendedora construido en la Universidad de Durham. El instrumento fue aplicado a una muestra de 419 alumnos, provenientes de once establecimientos, de los cuales 243 alumnos pertenecen a establecimientos que imparten una educación científico humanista y los 176 alumnos restantes pertenecen a la educación técnico profesional. Previamente a la aplicación del test a través de la construcción del marco teórico se definieron seis factores que supuestamente influyen sobre la Capacidad emprendedora, siendo estas: sexo de los encuestados, tipo de establecimiento, tipo de educación, trabajo de los padres, educación de los padres y rendimiento escolar. Con estos factores previamente definidos se construyo un cuestionario semiestructurado que fue anexado al test, obteniéndose la información adicional requerida Con el uso de herramientas estadísticas en el análisis de la información se puede concluir que: • los promedios obtenidos se encuentran bajo los promedios estándares que establece el test, por lo que se podría decir que estos jóvenes no son emprendedores. • que los seis factores definidos no resultan ser determinantes en el comportamiento emprendedor de los jóvenes. • y que aún cuando el test puede estar validado universalmente, puede no ser el más adecuado para esta población con características tan singulares

Rescue of neurogenesis and age-associated cognitive decline in SAMP8 mouse: Role of transforming growth factor-alpha

Neuropathological aging is associated with memory impairment and cognitive decline, affecting several brain areas including the neurogenic niche of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). In the healthy brain, homeostatic mechanisms regulate neurogenesis within the DG to facilitate the continuous generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSC). Nevertheless, aging reduces the number of activated neural stem cells and diminishes the number of newly generated neurons. Strategies that promote neurogenesis in the DG may improve cognitive performance in the elderly resulting in the development of treatments to prevent the progression of neurological disorders in the aged population. Our work is aimed at discovering targeting molecules to be used in the design of pharmacological agents that prevent the neurological effects of brain aging. We study the effect of age on hippocampal neurogenesis using the SAMP8 mouse as a model of neuropathological aging. We show that in 6-month-old SAMP8 mice, episodic and spatial memory are impaired; concomitantly, the generation of neuroblasts and neurons is reduced and the generation of astrocytes is increased in this model. The novelty of our work resides in the fact that treatment of SAMP8 mice with a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα) targeting molecule prevents the observed defects, positively regulating neurogenesis and improving cognitive performance. This compound facilitates the release of TGFα in vitro and in vivo and activates signaling pathways initiated by this growth factor. We conclude that compounds of this kind that stimulate neurogenesis may be useful to counteract the neurological effects of pathological aging.19 página

Effectiveness and safety of dabigatran in Latin American patients with atrial fibrillation:Two years follow up results from GLORIA-AF registry

Background: Real-world data from different regions are needed to support the external validity of con trolled trials and assess the impact of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) in clinical practice. Methods: ‘‘GLORIA-AF” is a large, ongoing, multicenter, global, prospective registry program in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at risk of stroke. Newly diagnosed patients with NVAF (within 4.5 months) and a CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 were consecutively enrolled. The study objective was to estimate the incidence rate of stroke and major bleeding after a two year follow up of patients on dabigatran that participated in the ‘‘GLORIA-AF” study (Phase II) in Latin America. Results: Latin America included 378 eligible patients that received dabigatran in eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Perú, and Venezuela): 56.3% were male; mean age was 70.3 ± 10.8 years; 43.4% had paroxysmal AF; 36.0% persistent AF and 20.6% permanent AF. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.2 ± 1.4; mean HAS-BLED score was 1.2 ± 0.8. Incidence rates for clinical events after 2-years of follow-up per 100 patient-years were as follows: stroke 0.33 (95% CI: 0.04–1.17), major bleeding 0.49 (95% CI: 0.10–1.42) and all-cause death 4.06 (95% CI: 2.63–6.00). Persistence with dabiga tran at 6, 12 and 24 months was 91%, 86%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: These regional data shows the sustained safety and effectiveness of dabigatran over two years of follow-up, consistent with already available evidence. An increase in accessibility and incorpo ration of NOAC to anticoagulant treatment strategies could potentially have a positive impact on AF stroke prevention in Latin America

Task force on immigration and higher education in Central Massachusetts

In August 2007, the Colleges of Worcester Consortium, Inc. created a task force to examine the issue of immigration and higher education in Central Massachusetts. It has become increasingly clear from recent demographic and economic studies and projections that the population in the northeast, and certainly in Central Massachusetts, is showing minimal growth. There is evidence that a decline in the “native-born” population is caused by significant out-migration due to a number of factors, including the high cost of living, limited career opportunities and a declining birth rate. The limited population growth that is evident is due primarily to the recent influx of immigrants to this area, with the most significant numbers in Worcester coming from Ghana, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Kenya, El Salvador, Albania and Liberia. It is also clear that the area’s economy is becoming more knowledge-based with an increasing percentage of all new jobs requiring some form of postsecondary education. According to the 2007 Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development’s Job Vacancy Survey, 38 percent of current job vacancies in Massachusetts require an associate’s degree or higher. This represents an increase from 30 percent in 2003. Consequently, the level of education that the immigrant population attains is of vital importance to everyone—not only to immigrant students and their families but also to the economic well-being of the entire region. The Task Force was charged with researching the barriers to higher education faced by this new wave of immigrants and suggesting recommendations to address those barriers. The 36-member Task Force was made up of representatives from Consortium member institutions; federal, state and local governments; community and faithbased organizations; the Worcester Public Schools; the Massachusetts Board of Higher Education; and the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy (MIRA) Coalition. Meetings were held over six months, during which the Task Force identified three main barriers faced by immigrant communities in accessing higher education, and sub-committees were created to work on each of these. Speakers were invited to present on topics of interest. Two public hearings were held, the first of which was conducted at Worcester State College in October. It attracted community representatives, as well as college and high school faculty and administrators. The second hearing, held at the downtown branch of Quinsigamond Community College (QCC) in December, was attended by immigrants (English for Speakers of Other Languages – ESOL and GED) students as well as QCC staff.Published versio

Magneto-mechanical system to reproduce and quantify complex strain patterns in biological materials

Biological cells and tissues are continuously subjected to mechanical stress and strain cues from their surrounding substrate. How these forces modulate cell and tissue behavior is a major question in mechanobiology. To conduct studies under controlled varying physiological strain scenarios, a new virtually-assisted experimental system is proposed allowing for non-invasive and real-time control of complex deformation modes within the substrates. This approach is based on the use of extremely soft magneto-active polymers, which mimic the stiffness of biological materials. Thus, the system enables the untethered control of biological substrates providing reversible mechanical changes and controlling heterogeneous patterns. Motivated on a deep magneto-mechanical characterization across scales, a multi-physics and multi-scale in silico framework was developed to guide the experimental stimulation setup. The versatility and viability of the system have been demonstrated through its ability to reproduce complex mechanical scenarios simulating local strain patterns in brain tissue during a head impact, and its capability to transmit physiologically relevant mechanical forces to dermal fibroblasts. The proposed framework opens the way to understanding the mechanobiological processes that occur during complex and dynamic deformation states, e.g., in traumatic brain injury, pathological skin scarring or fibrotic heart remodeling during myocardial infarction.The authors thank Denis Wirtz (Johns Hopkins University) and Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin (Institute Pasteur) for relevant discussion. The authors acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant agreement No. 947723, project: 4D-BIOMAP), and from Programa de Apoyo a la Realizacion de Proyectos Interdiscisplinares de I+D para Jovenes Investigadores de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and Comunidad de Madrid (project: BIOMASKIN). MAMM and CGC acknowledges support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain (FPU19/03874 and FPU20/01459) and DGG acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 - 2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid

Lunar Mining: Designing a Robust Robotic Mining System

The annual NASA Robotic Mining Challenge: Lunabotics tasks teams with building robots capable of traversing and mining simulated Lunar terrain. The competition goal is to utilize automation and sensing alongside mechanical systems to harvest icy regolith (gravel) from beneath the satellite’s surface. This year, Utah Student Robotics sought to improve upon the design from last year. The 2019-2020 rover is based on proven NASA concepts, such as the RASSOR 2.0 digging drum, and the Rocker-Bogie mobility platform

CA125-Guided Diuretic Treatment Versus Usual Care in Patients With Acute Heart Failure and Renal Dysfunction

Background: The optimal diuretic treatment strategy for patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction remains unclear. Plasma carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is a surrogate of fluid overload and a potentially valuable tool for guiding decongestion therapy. The aim of this study was to determine if a CA125-guided diuretic strategy is superior to usual care in terms of short-term renal function in patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction at presentation. Methods: This multicenter, open-label study randomized 160 patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction into 2 groups (1:1). Loop diuretics doses were established according to CA125 levels in the CA125-guided group (n = 79) and in clinical evaluation in the usual-care group (n = 81). Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 72 and 24 hours were the co-primary endpoints, respectively. Results: The mean age was 78 ± 8 years, the median amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was 7765 pg/mL, and the mean eGFR was 33.7 ± 11.3 mL/min/1.73m2. Over 72 hours, the CA125-guided group received higher furosemide equivalent dose compared to usual care (P = 0.011), which translated into higher urine volume (P = 0.042). Moreover, patients in the active arm with CA125 >35 U/mL received the highest furosemide equivalent dose (P <0.001) and had higher diuresis (P = 0.013). At 72 hours, eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) significantly improved in the CA125-guided group (37.5 vs 34.8, P = 0.036), with no significant changes at 24 hours (35.8 vs 39.5, P = 0.391). Conclusion: A CA125-guided diuretic strategy significantly improved eGFR and other renal function parameters at 72 hours in patients with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction