Consultoria Colaborativa na Educação Infantil: análise de intervenção envolvendo aluno com autismo

Studies conducted in the context of Early Childhood Education (ECE) reveal limitations in the academic and functional development of children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Among other factors, this finding is attributed to inadequate teacher preparation. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention program, outlined as a Collaborative Consultation, in the teaching practices of an ECE teacher, who attended a 4-year-old student diagnosed with ASD. The program, led by a pedagogue, was developed in six stages and included the ECE teacher, mentioned above, a caregiver and the student's grandmother. A multimethod research design, involving the collection, analysis and integration of qualitative and quantitative data was used to evaluate the effects of the training program on the teacher's mediating behavior, as well as on the student's participation in three different school routines. At the end of the program, an increase in the frequency of teacher-mediating behavior was detected as well as qualitative changes in student participation in the activities. Social validity measures indicated consumers’ satisfaction with the outcomes. The promising effects of collaborative practices on teacher education are discussed.Los estudios realizados en el contexto de la Educación de la Primera Infancia (EPI) revelan limitaciones en el desarrollo escolar y funcional de los niños diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Hay evidencia de que la educación deficiente de los maestros es un factor importante en estos resultados. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un programa de intervención, descrito como Consultoría Colaborativa, en las prácticas de enseñanza de un maestro de EPI, que atendió a un estudiante de 4 años diagnosticado con TEA. El programa de consultoría, dirigido por un pedagogo, se desarrolló en seis etapas e incluyó la participación del maestro de EPI, mencionado anteriormente, un cuidador y la abuela del estudiante. Se utilizó metodología de investigación de múltiples métodos, que incluía la selección, el análisis y la integración de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos para evaluar los efectos del programa de capacitación en el comportamiento de mediación del maestro, así como en la participación del estudiante en tres rutinas escolares diferentes. Al final del programa, se detectó un aumento en la frecuencia del comportamiento de mediación docente, así como cambios cualitativos en la participación del estudiante en las actividades. Los registros de validez social indicaron la satisfacción de los participantes de la investigación con respecto a los efectos producidos por el programa. Se discuten los prometedores efectos de las prácticas colaborativas en la formación docente.Estudos conduzidos no contexto da Educação Infantil (EI) revelam limitações no desenvolvimento escolar e funcional de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Há evidências de que a formação deficitária de professores se constitui em fator de peso para esses resultados. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção, delineado como Consultoria Colaborativa, nas práticas de ensino de uma professora da EI, que atendia um aluno de 4 anos de idade, diagnosticado com TEA. O programa de consultoria, protagonizado por uma pedagoga, foi desenvolvido em seis etapas e contou com a participação da professora de EI, já mencionada, de uma cuidadora e da avó do aluno. Com o apoio de um delineamento de pesquisa multimétodo, envolvendo coleta, análise e integração de dados, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, foram avaliados os efeitos do programa de capacitação, no comportamento mediador da professora, como também na participação do aluno com TEA, em três rotinas escolares distintas. Ao término do programa foram registrados aumento na frequência de ocorrência de comportamentos mediadores da docente e mudanças qualitativas na participação do aluno. Registros de validade social indicaram satisfação dos participantes da pesquisa quanto aos efeitos produzidos pelo programa. São colocados em discussão os efeitos promissores das práticas colaborativas na formação docente

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Diretrizes para a elaboração do PEI como instrumento de avaliação para educando com autismo: um estudo interventivo

Resultados de pesquisas recentes revelam as dificuldades dos sistemas regulares de ensino em oferecer um currículo escolar que atenda as demandas acadêmicas de educandos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Dentre os fatores que contribuem para esse fenômeno, evidencia-se a precária formação docente e a escassez de estratégias que promovam a acessibilidade. Como consequência, é registrada a deficitária participação acadêmica desse alunado na sala de aula comum. O objetivo desse trabalho foi propor diretrizes para elaboração de um Plano Educacional Individualizado (PEI). Trata-se de instrumento de organização curricular e de avaliação acadêmica direcionado para um estudante com TEA, inserido em contexto pré-escolar. Os resultados, produzidos por meio de um delineamento quase-experimental intrassujeito, indicaram mudanças qualitativas e quantitativas na participação do aluno nas tarefas acadêmicas após o programa de intervenção

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora