Nose Structure Delineation of Bouguer Anomaly as the Interpretation Basis of Probable Hydrocarbon Traps: a Case Study on the Mainland Area of Northwest Java Basin

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v7i3.144Two important aspects in the exploration of oil and gas are technology and exploration concepts, but the use of technology is not always suitable for areas with geological conditions covered by young volcanic sediments or limestone. The land of the Northwest Java Basin is mostly covered by young volcanic products, so exploration using seismic methods will produce less clear image resolution. To identify and interpret the subsurface structure and the possibility of hydrocarbon trap, gravity measurements have been carried out. Delineation of nose structures of a Bouguer anomaly map was used to interpret the probability of hydrocarbon traps. The result of the study shows that the gravity anomalies could be categorized into three groups : low anomaly (< 34 mgal), middle anomaly (34 - 50 mgal), and high anomaly (> 50 mgal). The analysis of Bouguer anomaly indicates that the low anomaly is concentrated in Cibarusa area as a southern part of Ciputat Subbasin, and in Cikampek area. The result of delineation of the Bouguer anomaly map shows the nose structures existing on Cibinong-Cileungsi and Pangkalan-Bekasi Highs, while delineation of residual anomaly map shows the nose structures occurs on Cilamaya-Karawang high. Locally, the gas fields of Jatirangon and Cicauh areas exist on the flank of the nose structure of Pangkalan-Bekasi High, while the oil/gas field of Northern Cilamaya is situated on the flank of the nose structure of Cilamaya-Karawang High. The concept of fluid/gas migration concentrated on nose structures which are delineated from gravity data can be applied in the studied area. This concept needs to be tested in other oil and gas field areas

Structures, Magnetochemistry, Spectroscopy, Theoretical Study, and Catechol Oxidase Activity of Dinuclear and Dimer-of-Dinuclear Mixed-Valence Mn^IIIMn^II Complexes Derived from a Macrocyclic Ligand

The work in this paper presents syntheses, characterization, magnetic properties (experimental and density functional theoretical), catecholase activity, and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopic (ESI-MS positive) studies of two mixed-valence dinuclear Mn^IIIMn^II complexes, [Mn^IIIMn^IIL­(μ-O₂CMe)­(H₂O)₂]­(ClO₄)₂·H₂O·MeCN (<b>1</b>) and [Mn^IIIMn^IIL­(μ-O₂CPh)­(MeOH)­(ClO₄)]­(ClO₄) (<b>2</b>), and a Mn^IIIMn^IIMn^IIMn^III complex, [{Mn^IIIMn^IIL­(μ-O₂CEt)­(EtOH)}₂(μ-O₂CEt)]­(ClO₄)₃ (<b>3</b>), derived from the Robson-type macrocycle H₂L, which is the [2 + 2] condensation product of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane. In <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> and in two Mn^IIIMn^II units in <b>3</b>, the two metal centers are bridged by a bis­(μ-phenoxo)-μ-carboxylate moiety. The two Mn^II centers of the two Mn^IIIMn^II units in <b>3</b> are bridged by a propionate moiety, and therefore this compound is a dimer of two dinuclear units. The coordination geometry of the Mn^III and Mn^II centers are Jahn–Teller distorted octahedral and distorted trigonal prism, respectively. Magnetic studies reveal weak ferro- or antiferromagnetic interactions between the Mn^III and Mn^II centers in <b>1</b> (<i>J</i> = +0.08 cm^–1), <b>2</b> (<i>J</i> = −0.095 cm^–1), and <b>3</b> (<i>J</i>₁ = +0.015 cm^–1). A weak antiferromagnetic interaction (<i>J</i>₂ = −0.20 cm^–1) also exists between the Mn^II centers in <b>3</b>. DFT methods properly reproduce the nature of the exchange interactions present in such systems. A magneto-structural correlation based on Mn–O bridging distances has been proposed to explain the different sign of the exchange coupling constants. Utilizing 3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl catechol (3,5-DTBCH₂) as the substrate, catecholase activity of all the three complexes has been checked in MeCN and MeOH, revealing that all three are active catalysts with <i>K</i>_cat values lying in the range 7.5–64.7 h^–1. Electrospray ionization mass (ESI-MS positive) spectra of the complexes <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> have been recorded in MeCN solutions, and the positive ions have been well characterized. ESI-MS positive spectrum of complex <b>1</b> in presence of 3,5-DTBCH₂ has also been recorded, and a positive ion, [Mn^IIIMn^IIL­(μ-3,5-DTBC^2–)]⁺, having most probably a bridging catecholate moiety has been identified

Mononuclear Single-Molecule Magnets: Tailoring the Magnetic Anisotropy of First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes

Magnetic anisotropy is the property that confers to the spin a preferred direction that could be not aligned with an external magnetic field. Molecules that exhibit a high degree of magnetic anisotropy can behave as individual nanomagnets in the absence of a magnetic field, due to their predisposition to maintain their inherent spin direction. Until now, it has proved very hard to predict magnetic anisotropy, and as a consequence, most synthetic work has been based on serendipitous processes in the search for large magnetic anisotropy systems. The present work shows how the property can be predicted based on the coordination numbers and electronic structures of paramagnetic centers. Using these indicators, two Co^II complexes known from literature have been magnetically characterized and confirm the predicted single-molecule magnet behavior

Huge Magnetic Anisotropy in a Trigonal-Pyramidal Nickel(II) Complex

The work presented herein shows the experimental and theoretical studies of a mononuclear nickel­(II) complex with the largest magnetic anisotropy ever reported. The zero-field-splitting <i>D</i> parameter, extracted from the fits of the magnetization and susceptibility measurements, shows a large value of −200 cm^–1, in agreement with the theoretical value of −244 cm^–1 obtained with the CASPT2–RASSI method

Mononuclear Single-Molecule Magnets: Tailoring the Magnetic Anisotropy of First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes

Magnetic anisotropy is the property that confers to the spin a preferred direction that could be not aligned with an external magnetic field. Molecules that exhibit a high degree of magnetic anisotropy can behave as individual nanomagnets in the absence of a magnetic field, due to their predisposition to maintain their inherent spin direction. Until now, it has proved very hard to predict magnetic anisotropy, and as a consequence, most synthetic work has been based on serendipitous processes in the search for large magnetic anisotropy systems. The present work shows how the property can be predicted based on the coordination numbers and electronic structures of paramagnetic centers. Using these indicators, two Co^II complexes known from literature have been magnetically characterized and confirm the predicted single-molecule magnet behavior

Crystal Structure, Fluorescence, and Nanostructuration Studies of the First Zn^II Anthracene-Based Curcuminoid

In the following article the coordination properties of a recently reported curcuminoid 9Accm (9Accm = 1,7-(di-9-anthracene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) with Zn^II are reported. Preparation, crystal structure, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of [Zn^II(9Accm)₂(py)] (<b>1</b>) are presented, as well as preliminary AFM and confocal microscopy studies on graphite surfaces. Complex <b>1</b> is the first crystallographically characterized Zn–curcuminoid in the literature; the intrinsic features of the complex are contrasted with the free ligand, 9Accm, and [Cu^II(9Accm)₂(py)] (<b>2</b>), a similar copper system, which has been recently described by us. It is shown that complex <b>1</b> exhibits a chelation enhancement of fluorescence (CHEF) and <b>2</b> a chelation enhancement of quenching (CHEQ) with respect to the fluorescence response of the free ligand, demonstrating the highly sensitive response of 9Accm versus these two metals. All studies are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations

Crystal Structure, Fluorescence, and Nanostructuration Studies of the First Zn^II Anthracene-Based Curcuminoid

In the following article the coordination properties of a recently reported curcuminoid 9Accm (9Accm = 1,7-(di-9-anthracene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) with Zn^II are reported. Preparation, crystal structure, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of [Zn^II(9Accm)₂(py)] (<b>1</b>) are presented, as well as preliminary AFM and confocal microscopy studies on graphite surfaces. Complex <b>1</b> is the first crystallographically characterized Zn–curcuminoid in the literature; the intrinsic features of the complex are contrasted with the free ligand, 9Accm, and [Cu^II(9Accm)₂(py)] (<b>2</b>), a similar copper system, which has been recently described by us. It is shown that complex <b>1</b> exhibits a chelation enhancement of fluorescence (CHEF) and <b>2</b> a chelation enhancement of quenching (CHEQ) with respect to the fluorescence response of the free ligand, demonstrating the highly sensitive response of 9Accm versus these two metals. All studies are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations

Metallosupramolecular Chemistry of Novel Chiral <i>closo</i>-<i>o</i>‑Carboranylalcohol Pyridine and Quinoline Ligands: Syntheses, Characterization, and Properties of Cobalt Complexes

The cobalt­(II) complexes CoCl₂(LOH)₂ (LOH = 1-[R­(hydroxy)­methyl]-2-R′-1,2-dicarba-<i>closo</i>-dodecaborane (R′ = H or Me; R = 2-pyridyl <b>3a</b> or <b>4a</b>, 3-pyridyl <b>3b</b> or <b>4b</b>, 4-pyridyl <b>3c</b> or <b>4c</b>, 2-quinolyl <b>3d</b> or <b>4d</b>, 4-quinolyl <b>3e</b> or <b>4e</b>)) and CoCl₂(LOH)₄ (<b>5</b>, R′ = H; R = 4-pyridyl) were synthesized and characterized. Deprotonation of alcohol in <b>3a</b> afforded the square-planar complex Co^II(LO)₂ (<b>6</b>) that oxidized slowly in solution and under air to give the cobaltacarborane complex Co^III{(η⁵-C₂B₉H₁₀)­(CHOH)­(η¹-NC₅H₄)}­(η²-NC₅H₄COO) (<b>7</b>). Crystal structures for <b>3a</b>, <b>3a·2MeOH</b>, <b>3b</b>, <b>3e</b>, <b>4c</b>, <b>4e</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>6</b>, and <b>7</b> have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Molecular structures show octahedral (<b>3a</b>, <b>3a·2MeOH</b>, <b>5</b>), tetrahedral (<b>3b</b>, <b>3e</b>, <b>4c</b>, <b>4e</b>), and square-planar (<b>6</b>) coordination around Co^II centers, whereas 2-pyridyl and quinolyl ligands favor a bidentate <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>-coordination mode and 3- and 4-pyridyl and quinolyl ligands favor a monodentate <i>N</i>-coordination. The supramolecular structures are dominated by intermolecular O–H···Cl/O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions in the case of tetrahedral complexes. The magnetic properties of <b>3a</b>–<b>c</b> were investigated in the temperature range 2–300 K by means of χ_M<i>T</i>, which corroborated coordination numbers and geometries as well as provided information on the supramolecular interactions among neighboring molecules for all three compounds. Complex <b>3a</b> shows solvent accessible channels running parallel to the hydrogen bonding network and is able to uptake methanol vapors to convert into <b>3a·2MeOH</b>. The structure of <b>3a</b> is related to that for <b>3a·2MeOH</b> by rotation of complex molecules within the 1D O–H···Cl hydrogen bonding networks and insertion of methanol into it

Metallosupramolecular Chemistry of Novel Chiral <i>closo</i>-<i>o</i>‑Carboranylalcohol Pyridine and Quinoline Ligands: Syntheses, Characterization, and Properties of Cobalt Complexes

The cobalt­(II) complexes CoCl₂(LOH)₂ (LOH = 1-[R­(hydroxy)­methyl]-2-R′-1,2-dicarba-<i>closo</i>-dodecaborane (R′ = H or Me; R = 2-pyridyl <b>3a</b> or <b>4a</b>, 3-pyridyl <b>3b</b> or <b>4b</b>, 4-pyridyl <b>3c</b> or <b>4c</b>, 2-quinolyl <b>3d</b> or <b>4d</b>, 4-quinolyl <b>3e</b> or <b>4e</b>)) and CoCl₂(LOH)₄ (<b>5</b>, R′ = H; R = 4-pyridyl) were synthesized and characterized. Deprotonation of alcohol in <b>3a</b> afforded the square-planar complex Co^II(LO)₂ (<b>6</b>) that oxidized slowly in solution and under air to give the cobaltacarborane complex Co^III{(η⁵-C₂B₉H₁₀)­(CHOH)­(η¹-NC₅H₄)}­(η²-NC₅H₄COO) (<b>7</b>). Crystal structures for <b>3a</b>, <b>3a·2MeOH</b>, <b>3b</b>, <b>3e</b>, <b>4c</b>, <b>4e</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>6</b>, and <b>7</b> have been determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Molecular structures show octahedral (<b>3a</b>, <b>3a·2MeOH</b>, <b>5</b>), tetrahedral (<b>3b</b>, <b>3e</b>, <b>4c</b>, <b>4e</b>), and square-planar (<b>6</b>) coordination around Co^II centers, whereas 2-pyridyl and quinolyl ligands favor a bidentate <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>-coordination mode and 3- and 4-pyridyl and quinolyl ligands favor a monodentate <i>N</i>-coordination. The supramolecular structures are dominated by intermolecular O–H···Cl/O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions in the case of tetrahedral complexes. The magnetic properties of <b>3a</b>–<b>c</b> were investigated in the temperature range 2–300 K by means of χ_M<i>T</i>, which corroborated coordination numbers and geometries as well as provided information on the supramolecular interactions among neighboring molecules for all three compounds. Complex <b>3a</b> shows solvent accessible channels running parallel to the hydrogen bonding network and is able to uptake methanol vapors to convert into <b>3a·2MeOH</b>. The structure of <b>3a</b> is related to that for <b>3a·2MeOH</b> by rotation of complex molecules within the 1D O–H···Cl hydrogen bonding networks and insertion of methanol into it

Konkurrenz und Solidaritaet im laendlichen Raum

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