Cambios Hematológicos En Cachamas (Colossoma Macropomum Cuvier, 1818) Expuestas A Diferentes Concentraciones De Percolado De Relleno Sanitario

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) exposed to leachate. The leachate is a liquid produced by the organic mass waste during the process of biological degradation. It was purchased in landfill controlled the city of Manaus located in Manaus-Itacoatiara highway (Km19). The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the University Center Nilton Lins (CUNL). Two experiments were carried out, determining the LC50 (2.06 v / v) to the time of 24 hours, and hematological analysis using the LC50 pre-determined, which analyzed the concentrations of cortisol, glucose, Ht, Hb, CBR, VCM, MCH and MCHC. Juveniles of tambaqui with weights of 15 ± 4.6 g, and length of 7 ± 2 cm was used. Colossoma macropomum specie not showed statistically significant changes in haematological parameters, cortisol and glucose when exposed to a concentration of 2.06 v / v slurry for 3.6 and 9 hours.El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios fisiológicos de cachamas (Colossoma macropomum) expuestas a la influencia de un relleno sanitario. La suspensión es un líquido producido por la masa de residuos orgánicos en el proceso de degradación biológica. Esta suspensión fue adquirida en un vertedero controlado de la ciudad de Manaus, ubicada en el km 19 de la carretera AM 010 (Manaus-Itacoatiara). Los experimentos se realizaron en el laboratorio del Centro Universitário Nilton Lins (CUNL). Se realizaron dos experimentos, la determinación de la CL50 (2,06 v / v) para el tiempo de 24 horas y hematológicos analiza utilizando el LC50 predeterminado. Se analizaron los niveles de cortisol, glucosa, hematocrito, hemoglobina, glóbulos rojos corpusculares. Fueron utilizados cachamas con peso de 15 g ± 4,6 y longitud de 7 ± 2 cm. La especie Colossoma macropomum no mostraron cambios estadísticos significativos para los parámetros hematológicos cuando el cortisol y la concentración de glucosa se exponen a 2,06 v/v de suspensión durante 3,6 horas y 9 horas

Ajustes hematológicos em tambaqui (colossoma macropomum curvier, 1818) exposto a diferentes concentrações de chorume

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) exposed to leachate. The leachate is a liquid produced by the organic mass waste during the process of biological degradation. It was purchased in landfill controlled the city of Manaus located in Manaus-Itacoatiara highway (Km19). The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the University Center Nilton Lins (CUNL). Two experiments were carried out, determining the LC50 (2.06 v / v) to the time of 24 hours, and hematological analysis using the LC50 pre-determined, which analyzed the concentrations of cortisol, glucose, Ht, Hb, CBR, VCM, MCH and MCHC. Juveniles of tambaqui with weights of 15 ± 4.6 g, and length of 7 ± 2 cm was used. Colossoma macropomum specie not showed statistically significant changes in haematological parameters, cortisol and glucose when exposed to a concentration of 2.06 v / v slurry for 3.6 and 9 hours.O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações fisiológicas do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) exposto ao chorume. O chorume é um líquido produzido pela massa orgânica do lixo durante o processo de degradação biológica. Este chorume foi adquirido no aterro controlado da cidade de Manaus localizado no km 19, rodovia AM 010 (Manaus-Itacoatiara). Os experimentos foram realizados no laboratório do Centro Universitário Nilton Lins (CUNL). Foram realizados dois experimentos, determinação da CL50, estabelecido em 2,06 v/v para o tempo de 24 horas e analises hematológicas utilizando a CL50 pré-determinada. Foram analisados os índices de cortisol, glicose, Hematócrito, Hemoglobina, células vermelhas, constantes corpusculares. Juvenis de tambaqui com pesos de 15±4,6g, e comprimento de 7±2cm foram utilizados. A espécie Colossoma macropomum não apresentou alterações estatísticas significativas nos índices hematológicos, de cortisol e de glicose quando expostos a concentração de 2,06 v/v de chorume por 3,6 e 9 horas.El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios fisiológicos de cachamas (Colossoma macropomum) expuestas a la influencia de un relleno sanitario. La suspensión es un líquido producido por la masa de residuos orgánicos en el proceso de degradación biológica. Esta suspensión fue adquirida en un vertedero controlado de la ciudad de Manaus, ubicada en el km 19 de la carretera AM 010 (Manaus-Itacoatiara). Los experimentos se realizaron en el laboratorio del Centro Universitário Nilton Lins (CUNL). Se realizaron dos experimentos, la determinación de la CL50 (2,06 v / v) para el tiempo de 24 horas y hematológicos analiza utilizando el LC50 predeterminado. Se analizaron los niveles de cortisol, glucosa, hematocrito, hemoglobina, glóbulos rojos corpusculares. Fueron utilizados cachamas con peso de 15 g ± 4,6 y longitud de 7 ± 2 cm. La especie Colossoma macropomum no mostraron cambios estadísticos significativos para los parámetros hematológicos cuando el cortisol y la concentración de glucosa se exponen a 2,06 v/v de suspensión durante 3,6 horas y 9 horas

Proceedings Of The 23Rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part Two

PubMe

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field