370 research outputs found
Sonogashira reakció vizsgálata = Examination of Sonogashira Reaction
A kutatás során kidolgoztunk egy hatĂ©kony eljárást aril-kloridok Ă©s terminális acetilĂ©nek Sonogashira kapcsolására hordozĂłra választott palládium katalizátorok jelenlĂ©tĂ©ben rĂ©zmentes körĂĽlmĂ©nyek között. Az általunk használt eljárásban 1 mol% palládium is elegendĹ‘, ami a reakciĂł vĂ©gĂ©n visszanyerhetĹ‘ Ă©s ĂşjrahasznosĂthatĂł. Munkánk során vizsgáltuk továbbá, aril-jodidok Sonogashira kapcsolását is rĂ©zmentes körĂĽlmĂ©nyek között homogĂ©n palládium-katalizátorok jelenlĂ©tĂ©ben, Ă©s megállapĂtottuk, hogy az alkalmazott szerves bázis megválasztásának Ă©s a vĂz jelenlĂ©tĂ©nek igen fontos szerepe van a reakciĂłban. Ilyen körĂĽlmĂ©nyek között a kapcsolási reakciĂł, kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ terminális acetilĂ©nekkel 25oC-on 1.5 Ăłra alatt lejátszĂłdik, Ă©s jĂł termelĂ©ssel szolgáltatja a vĂ©gtermĂ©keket. Karbinol tĂpusĂş vĂ©dĹ‘csoportot tartalmazĂł acetilĂ©nek szekvenciális Sonogashira kapcsolását is vizsgáltuk kutatásaink során. Számos hatĂ©kony eljárást dolgoztunk ki diaril acetilĂ©nek előállĂtására aril-halogenidekbĹ‘l, kapcsolás-vĂ©dĹ‘csoport eltávolĂtás-kapcsolás reakciĂł szekvenciát alkalmazva. A reakciĂłk során acetilĂ©nforráskĂ©nt 2-metil-3-butin-2-olt Ă©s 1-etinilciklohexán-1-olt használtunk, Ă©s megállapĂtottuk, hogy mindkĂ©t karbinol kiválĂłan alkalmas a hármas kötĂ©s aromás rendszerekbe törtĂ©nĹ‘ beĂ©pĂtĂ©sĂ©re. A szekvenciális kapcsolást sikeresen alkalmaztuk benzofurán-származĂ©kok előállĂtásában is, Ă©s a bemutattuk hatĂ©konyságát egy termĂ©szetes vegyĂĽlet, a Vignafuran totálszintĂ©zisĂ©ben. | During the research period we have developed an efficient methodology for Sonogashira coupling of aryl chlorides and terminal acetylenes with solid supported palladium catalyst under copper-free conditions. The process applies only 1 mol% palladium, which can be recycled after its use. In our work we also examined the copper-free Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides with homogeneous palladium catalysts, and we have found that the choice of the organic base and the presence of water are quite important in the reaction. Under the developed conditions the coupling reaction takes place at RT in 1.5 hour, and provides the appropriate product with good yield. We also examined the sequential coupling of carbinol protected terminal acetylenes during our research. We developed several efficient methodologies for the preparation of diaryl acetylenes from aryl halides, using the coupling-deprotection-coupling sequence. As acetylene source we applied 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and 1-ethynyl-cyclohexan-1-ol, and we have found that both acetylen sources are applicable for the introduction of triple bonds into aromatic systems. We have successfully applied this sequential coupling for the preparation of benzofuran derivatives, and demonstrated its efficiency in the total synthesis of Vignafuran natural product
Az immuntolerancia vizsgálata terhességben = Studying the immune tolerance in pregnancy
A fenti pályázat során megvizsgáltuk az UV fĂ©ny toleranciakeltĂ©sben betöltött szerepĂ©nek mechanizmusait. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy egĂ©rbĹ‘rben a kevert UVA-UVB-VIS fĂ©ny nem okoz TGF-B mRNS indukciĂłt, viszont dĂłzisfĂĽggĹ‘en IL-10 mRNS indukciĂłt eredmĂ©nyez. Amennyiben a fĂ©nyspektrumot UVA Ă©s UVB komponensekre bontottuk, mindkĂ©t tartomány IL-10 expressziĂłnövekedĂ©st okozott. Mind az UVA, mind az UVB fĂ©ny 0,5x MED-et elĂ©rĹ‘ dĂłzis felett hatĂ©konyan indukált IL-10 mRNS-t az egĂ©rbĹ‘rben. Ez UVA fĂ©ny esetĂ©ben 4 percnĂ©l hosszabb, UVB fĂ©ny esetĂ©ben legalább 8 másodperc besugárzást jelentett az általunk használt Rhinolight fĂ©nyforrással. A kombinált UVA+UVB fĂ©nyforrásc által okozott, immuntoleranciakeltĂ©s szempontjábĂłl fontos IL-10 expressziĂłnövekedĂ©s elsĹ‘sorban az UVB komponensnek köszönhetĹ‘. A vezetĹ‘ kutatĂł munkahelyĂ©nek megszűnĂ©se, valamint kĂĽlföldi munkavállalása miatt a pályázatot idĹ‘ elĹ‘tt le kellett zárni. A fel nem használt támogatást visszafizetjĂĽk. | In this study, the mechanisms underlying the tolerance induction of UVB light were investigated. The mixed UVB-UVA-VIS light dource effectively induced IL-10 mRNA in murine skin, bur TGF-B mRNA levels were unchanged. By splitting the mixed source to UVA and UVB components, both were effective in inducing IL-10 mRNA over the energy density of 0.5 MED. However, due to the relatively low intensity of the UVA component, we presume, that mostly the UVB component is responsible for the IL-10 mRNA upregulation following mixed UVA-UVB irradiation; therefore the UVB component seems to be more inportant in the immune tolerance induction process of UV light. The principal reseearcher's status was ceased and he is now working abroad, so the project had to be ended prematurely
Relatiile romano-maghiare si schimbarea de regim din 1989 (Magyar-román kapcsolatok és a romániai rendszerváltás)
The Romanian-Hungarian Relations and the Change of
Regime from 1989. After 1945, the Romanian-Hungarian relations have
been officially presented as normal, appropriate for two friendly
socialist states, without raising any special issue. But, beyond the official
relations between two good neighbours, in specific circumstances, some
issues and differences did emerge. These were generated by historic
legacies of the two states and nations. Two of the major factors that
influenced the bilateral relations were the issue of minorities and that of
the ethnic Hungarians from Romania. Once the nationalist socialism line
of the Ceausescu regime became proeminent, the relations between the
two states got tensioned. The overthrow of Ceausescu’s dictatorship
released the tension at the level of the bilateral relations between the two
neighbours. Beginning with the change in the political regime, almost
instantaneously the first conveyance of aids from Hungary set off for
Romania. The Hungarian government was the first to diplomatically
recognise the leadership of the FSN (National Salvation Front) and
using its international connections lobbied for the Bucharest government
at the chancelaries of the Western states. Several Hungarian delegations
arrived to Bucharest in order to resume bilateral discussions. But this
euphoria of the renewed Romanian-Hungarian relations was soon
shadowed by the same old differences. The “interference” of Hungary,
its presence at different levels was regarded as disturbing for the
Romania, the latter considering that its neighbour exaggeratedly tried to
interfere with Romania’s process of transition
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