INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

<p>Infectious complications have been known to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in CLL patients who are predisposed to infections because of both the humoral immunodepression inherent to hematologic disease, which is related to stage and duration of CLL, and to further immunosuppression related to therapy. The majority of infections in CLL patients treated with alkilating agents is of bacterial origin. The immunodeficiency and natural infectious history of alkylator-resistant, corticosteroid-treated patients appears to have changed with the administration of purine analogs, which has been complicated by very severe and unusual infections and also more viral infections due to sustained reduction of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. The following introduction of monoclonal antibody therapies, in particular alemtuzumab, further increased the immunodepression, increasing also infections which appeared more often in patients with recurrent neutropenia due to chemotherapy cycles.</p><p>Epidemiological data regarding fungal infections in lymphoproliferative disorders are scarce. Italian SEIFEM group in a retrospective multicentre study regarding CLL patients reported an incidence of mycoses 0.5%; however, chronic lymphoproliferative disorders emerged as second haematological underlying disease after acute leukemia in a French study on aspergillosis; in particular CLL with aspergillosis accounted for a third of these chronic lymphoproliferative diseases presenting mould infection.</p&gt

Infections associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents in hematology and oncology. A position paper by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL)

A multitude of new agents for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has been introduced over the past decade. Hematologists, infectious disease specialists, stem cell transplant experts, pulmonologists and radiologists have met within the framework of the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL) to provide a critical state-of-the-art on infectious complications associated with immunotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents used in clinical routine. For brentuximab vedotin, blinatumomab, CTLA4- and PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitors as well as for ibrutinib, idelalisib, HDAC inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, ruxolitinib, and venetoclax, a detailed review of data available until August 2018 has been conducted, and specific recommendations for prophylaxis, diagnostic and differential diagnostic procedures as well as for clinical management have been developed

Adherence to international guidelines for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in acute myeloid leukaemia: Feasibility and utility (SEIFEM-2008B study)

Objectives and methods: In order to assess physicians' compliance with international guidelines for the targeted treatment of invasive aspergillosis, 136 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and proven/probable invasive aspergillosis were analysed. Results: Compliance with Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL) guidelines was found to be relatively low (28% for ECIL and 55% for IDSA), although no significant differences were found between the two groups (adherence versus non-adherence). In both subgroup analyses (IDSA and ECIL), compliance with the guidelines did not impact the 120 day survival rate. Instead, adherence to guidelines led to a higher response rate to first-line antifungal treatment (76% in the IDSA group and 84% in the ECIL group). Conclusions: Guidelines establish categories of patients with homogeneous characteristics, and suggest optimal diagnostic and therapeutic options for them. Acquisition of good results through adherence to guidelines is confirmed by our series. Unfortunately, there are frequently reasons to deviate from these general recommendations, particularly in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Despite evidence-based recommendations, adherence to the guidelines does not constitute the best therapeutic choice in each and every patient. Subjects' clinical conditions and co-morbidities vary widely, and sometimes render the 'recommended' drug a non-applicable strategy. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved