Revealing adolescent drug trafficking and addiction: Exploring school disciplinary and drug issues in the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia

Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on drug trafficking and addiction amongst adults, with a relative dearth of research specifically dedicated to adolescents. However, it is crucial to recognise that drugrelated issues amongst adolescents necessitate unique attention and understanding. This study sets out to identify high clusters of drug trafficking and addiction in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, and scrutinise their relationship with schools that have disciplinary and drug-related issues. By analysing the data, the study seeks to comprehend the correlation between these high clusters and the presence of disciplinary problems and drug issues within schools in the region. Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation was utilised in this study to identify the patterns of adolescent drug trafficking and addiction in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation analysis (LISA) from 2015 to 2020 disclosed consistent high-high clusters of adolescent drug trafficking and addiction in Pantai, Ampang, Jinjang, Tun H. S. Lee, Pudu, and Cheras areas. These clusters indicate a concentrated prevalence of drug-related activities amongst adolescents aged 17 years old and below. Secondary School of SMK Sri Pantai in Pantai faces disciplinary challenges related to drug issues, underscoring the importance of providing support for a safe learning environment. In contrast, SMK Bandar Ampang has managed to maintain a drug-free environment despite being in a high-high cluster area. SMK Dato Ibrahim Yaacob in Jinjang, along with SMK Dato Onn, Tun H. S. Lee, Cheras, and SMK Cochrane Perkesa, are closely associated with drug issues amongst adolescents. Schools grappling with discipline issues and drugrelated problems are notably affected by their geographical locations. It's worth mentioning that a majority of these institutions are positioned in areas with a high concentration of drug trafficking and addiction, amongst adolescents (17 years old or younger). These findings emphasise the need for preventive measures and support to ensure student well-being and safety

Dead Zone Formation and Nonsteady Hyperaccretion in Collapsar Disks : A Possible Origin of Short-Term Variability in the Prompt Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts

The central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is believed to be a hot and dense disk with hyperaccretion onto a few solar-mass black hole. We investigate where the magnetorotational instability (MRI) actively operates in the hyperaccretion disk, which can cause angular momentum transport in the disk. The inner region of hyperaccretion disks can be neutrino opaque, and the energy- and momentum-transport by neutrinos could affect the growth of the MRI significantly. Assuming reasonable disk models and a weak magnetic field $B \lesssim 10^{14} \rm{G}$, it is found that the MRI is strongly suppressed by the neutrino viscosity in the inner region of hyperaccretion disks. On the other hand, the MRI can drive active MHD turbulence in the outer neutrino-transparent region regardless of the field strength. This suggests that the baryonic matter is accumulated into the inner dead zone where the MRI grows inactively and the angular momentum transport is inefficient. When the dead zone gains a large amount of mass and becomes gravitationally unstable, intense mass accretion onto the central black hole would occur episodically through the gravitational torque. This process can be a physical mechanism of the short-term variability in the prompt emission of GRBs. Finally, the origin of flaring activities in the X-ray afterglow is predicted in the context of our episodic accretion scenario.Comment: 11pages, 4figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Analysis of the movement distribution pattern of violent Crime in Malaysia's capital region-Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Putrajaya

Previous studies of violent crime have been focused on identifying hot spots areas, ignoring crime movement and distribution, particularly violent-related land use on four different time frames. Studies showed that they have used police station boundaries or sectors to detect crime hotspots without considering land use type and the distribution and movement of crime. Understanding the relationship between violent crime and land use allows stakeholders to make informed decisions about land use, urban planning, and community development projects that can help reduce crime and improve overall community safety and quality of life. The aims of this study to investigate the relationship between violent crimes, time and land use in Selangor State, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory (KLFT) and Putrajaya Federal Territory (PFT) from 2015 to 2020 using Mean Center and Standard Deviational Ellipses (SDE). These methodologies can assist authorities such as the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) and Local Authority (LA) to identify potential variables leading to the high prevalence of violent crime in specific locations, which can then be used by police and local authorities to collaborate, establish crime prevention initiatives, and more effectively allocate resources. This study considers four-time frames, namely midnight (12:00-6:59 am), morning (7:00-11:59 am), evening (12:00-6:59 pm) and night (7:00-11:59 pm). The main concern in this article is that the SDE and Mean Center are still being investigated for use in studies of violent crime that are related to land use and spatial temporal. The overall Direction Mean Center and SDE at evening time, has the highest area of 128,146,621.17m2 . All SDEs are within the boundaries of Kuala Lumpur Contingent Police Headquarters (KLCPH) and Selangor Contingent Police Headquarters (SCPH) has been justify in a shape of Figure and Table in this article. However, only District Police Headquarters (DPH) Putrajaya, namely the police station in Presint 11 and 7 are not included in the analysis. Overall, police and local authorities may find it useful to employ SDE and the Mean Center technique to investigate violent crime using land use and spatial-temporal data their efforts to reduce violent crime, enhance public safety, and implement preventative measures in high-crime areas

Search for two-neutrino double electron capture on 124^{124}Xe with the XMASS-I detector

Double electron capture is a rare nuclear decay process in which two orbital electrons are captured simultaneously in the same nucleus. Measurement of its two-neutrino mode would provide a new reference for the calculation of nuclear matrix elements whereas observation of its neutrinoless mode would demonstrate lepton number violation. A search for two-neutrino double electron capture on $^{124}$Xe is performed using 165.9 days of data collected with the XMASS-I liquid xenon detector. No significant excess above background was observed and we set a lower limit on the half-life as $4.7 \times 10^{21}$ years at 90% confidence level. The obtained limit has ruled out parts of some theoretical expectations. We obtain a lower limit on the $^{126}$Xe two-neutrino double electron capture half-life of $4.3 \times 10^{21}$ years at 90% confidence level as well.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters

Direct dark matter search by annual modulation in XMASS-I

A search for dark matter was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal due to the Earth's rotation around the Sun using XMASS, a single phase liquid xenon detector. The data used for this analysis was 359.2 live days times 832 kg of exposure accumulated between November 2013 and March 2015. When we assume Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter elastically scattering on the target nuclei, the exclusion upper limit of the WIMP-nucleon cross section 4.3$\times$10$^{-41}$cm$^2$ at 8 GeV/c$^2$ was obtained and we exclude almost all the DAMA/LIBRA allowed region in the 6 to 16 GeV/c$^2$ range at $\sim$10$^{-40}$cm$^2$. The result of a simple modulation analysis, without assuming any specific dark matter model but including electron/$\gamma$ events, showed a slight negative amplitude. The $p$-values obtained with two independent analyses are 0.014 and 0.068 for null hypothesis, respectively. we obtained 90\% C.L. upper bounds that can be used to test various models. This is the first extensive annual modulation search probing this region with an exposure comparable to DAMA/LIBRA.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Direct dark matter search in XMASS-I

A search for dark matter using an underground single-phase liquid xenon detector was conducted at the Kamioka Observatory in Japan, particularly for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). We have used 705.9 live days of data in a fiducial volume containing 97 kg of liquid xenon at the center of the detector. The event rate in the fiducial volume after the data reduction was (4.2 ± 0.2) × 10−3 day−1 kg−1 keVee−1 at 5 keVee, with a signal efficiency of 20%. All the remaining events are consistent with our background evaluation, mostly of the “mis-reconstructed events” originated from 210Pb in the copper plates lining the detector’s inner surface. The obtained upper limit on a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section was 2.2 × 10−44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2 at the 90% confidence level, which was the most stringent limit among results from single-phase liquid xenon detectors

Search for solar Kaluza–Klein axions by annual modulation with the XMASS-I detector

In theories with large extra dimensions beyond the standard 4-dimensional spacetime, axions could propagate in such extra dimensions, and acquire Kaluza–Klein (KK) excitations. These KK axions are produced in the Sun and could solve the unexplained heating of the solar corona. While most of the solar KK axions escape from the solar system, a small fraction are gravitationally trapped in orbits around the Sun. They would decay into 2 photons inside a terrestrial detector. The event rate is expected to modulate annually depending on the distance from the Sun. We have searched for the annual modulation signature using 832×359 kg⋅days of XMASS-I data. No significant event rate modulation is found, and hence we set the first experimental constraint on the KK axion–photon coupling of 4.8×10−12GeV−1 at the 90% confidence level for a KK axion number density of n¯a=4.07×1013m−3⁠, the total number of extra dimensions n=2⁠, and the number of extra dimensions δ=2 that axions can propagate in