En la escuela si esta mi combo : relatos de docentes sobre experiencias de salud mental

Esta obra reúne los relatos de docentes y orientadores escolares que asumieron el reto de acompañar a sus estudiantes e instituciones en la búsqueda de un buen vivir. En ellos nos cuentan las dudas, certezas, temores, desilusiones y satisfacciones que tuvieron a la hora de enfrentar las complejas situaciones en las que sus estudiantes se veían envueltos y cómo idearon o encontraron estrategias y recursos para ayudar a resolverlas desde la creatividad, el conocimiento o la intuición, pero, sobre todo, a partir de un firme deseo de ayudar. Las historias fueron recopiladas en diferentes regiones del país durante el desarrollo del Diplomado virtual Orientando hacia la Salud Mental en Instituciones Educativas, ofrecido en el marco del Programa de Intervenciones en Salud Mental, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio, con apoyo de Colciencias, con la intención de difundir las valiosas experiencias que sus participantes compartieron espontáneamente y de esa manera, continuar promoviendo la reflexión sobre la importancia de la salud mental en el ámbito escolar.Bogot

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estrategias creativas de lectura y escritura para el desarrollo de la producción textual en estudiante de educación básica secundaria de la Institución Educativa "Trementino" del Municipio de San Bernardo del Viento

209 p.El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la propuesta diseñada sobre estrategias creativas de lectura y escritura en el desarrollo de la producción textual en estudiantes de educación básica secundaria de la institución educativa “Trementino” del municipio de San Bernardo del Viento, Córdoba-Colombia. Para lo cual, se inició con la determinación del uso de estrategias de lectura y escritura creativa por parte de los docentes en el desarrollo de la producción textual de los estudiantes y luego la identificación de los niveles de desempeño de producción textual escrita de los estudiantes, a partir de ello se realizó el diseño e implementación de estrategias creativas de lectura y escritura para propiciar el desarrollo de la producción textual escrita de los estudiantes. En las referencias teóricas de la investigación se destacan los aportes de autores como: Van Dijk (1983), Tolchinsky (1989), Teberosky (1993), Cassany (1995), entre otros que versan sus argumentos en fundamentar aspectos conceptuales sobre los procesos de lectura y escritura y algunas estrategias que al respectos de estos resultan funcionales al momento de diseñar estrategias didácticas para intervenir dichos procesos. Metodológicamente, el estudio se ubica en el paradigma positivista con un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo evaluativo con diseño cuasi-experimental con la aplicación de pre y post prueba. Los resultados analizados, mediante estadística descriptiva a partir de la aplicación de pruebas no paramétricas (Wilconxon y Mann Whiney), evidenciaron las diferencias significativas entre los grupos control y experimental después de la intervención con las estrategias creativas de lectura y escritura, lo cual ilustró la conveniencia de estas estrategias para el mejoramiento de la producción textual escrita de los estudiantes, ya que favorecen la armonía y dinámica de los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje favoreciendo el aprendizaje significativo del estudiante. Palabras clave: estrategias creativas, lectura, escritura, producción textualThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of the proposal designed on creative strategies of reading and writing in the development of textual production in secondary school students of the educational institution "Trementino" of the municipality of San Bernardo del Viento, Córdoba- Colombia . For which, it began with the determination of the use of strategies of reading and creative writing on the part of the teachers in the development of the textual production of the students and then the identification of the performance levels of written textual production of the students, Based on this, the design and implementation of creative reading and writing strategies were carried out to promote the development of students' written textual production. In the theoretical references of the research, the contributions of authors such as Van Dijk (1983), Tolchinsky (1989), Teberosky (1993), Cassany (1995), among others, whose arguments are based on conceptual aspects of the processes of reading and writing and some strategies that in their respect are functional when designing teaching strategies to intervene these processes. Methodologically, the study is located in the positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach of evaluative type with quasi - experimental design with the application of pre and post test. The results analyzed, using descriptive statistics from the application of nonparametric tests (Wilconxon and Mann Whiney), showed significant differences between the control and experimental groups, after the intervention with the creative strategies of reading and writing, which illustrated the convenience of these strategies for the improvement of the written textual production of the students, since they favor the harmony and dynamics of the teaching and learning environments favoring the significant learning of the student. Keywords: creative strategies, reading, writing, textual productio

An insight into the transcriptome of the digestive tract of the bloodsucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus.

The bloodsucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is a vector of Chagas' disease, which affects 7-8 million people today in Latin America. In contrast to other hematophagous insects, the triatomine gut is compartmentalized into three segments that perform different functions during blood digestion. Here we report analysis of transcriptomes for each of the segments using pyrosequencing technology. Comparison of transcript frequency in digestive libraries with a whole-body library was used to evaluate expression levels. All classes of digestive enzymes were highly expressed, with a predominance of cysteine and aspartic proteinases, the latter showing a significant expansion through gene duplication. Although no protein digestion is known to occur in the anterior midgut (AM), protease transcripts were found, suggesting secretion as pro-enzymes, being possibly activated in the posterior midgut (PM). As expected, genes related to cytoskeleton, protein synthesis apparatus, protein traffic, and secretion were abundantly transcribed. Despite the absence of a chitinous peritrophic membrane in hemipterans - which have instead a lipidic perimicrovillar membrane lining over midgut epithelia - several gut-specific peritrophin transcripts were found, suggesting that these proteins perform functions other than being a structural component of the peritrophic membrane. Among immunity-related transcripts, while lysozymes and lectins were the most highly expressed, several genes belonging to the Toll pathway - found at low levels in the gut of most insects - were identified, contrasting with a low abundance of transcripts from IMD and STAT pathways. Analysis of transcripts related to lipid metabolism indicates that lipids play multiple roles, being a major energy source, a substrate for perimicrovillar membrane formation, and a source for hydrocarbons possibly to produce the wax layer of the hindgut. Transcripts related to amino acid metabolism showed an unanticipated priority for degradation of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Analysis of transcripts related to signaling pathways suggested a role for MAP kinases, GTPases, and LKBP1/AMP kinases related to control of cell shape and polarity, possibly in connection with regulation of cell survival, response of pathogens and nutrients. Together, our findings present a new view of the triatomine digestive apparatus and will help us understand trypanosome interaction and allow insights into hemipteran metabolic adaptations to a blood-based diet.Journal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H. IntramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit