5 research outputs found
Application of Central Composite Design with Design Expert v13 in Process Optimization
This chapter is focused on the study application of central composite design, in response surface methodology. We have reviewed this concept and applied it to optimize Biodiesel yield from transesterification of methanol and vegetable oil with a catalyst derived from eggshell using design expert 13. This optimization was carried out with reaction conditions of reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature. Data used as an instance was collected and analyzed from the work of Tshizanga et al. and the result obtained for a randomized experiment showed at a 95% confidence level that all the factors affected the product’s output. About 91% yield was obtained and operating parameters were optimized at a temperature of around 61%. Methanol to oil ratio of 22.13, and catalyst loading of around 3.7 wt%. This chapter provided a step-by-step guide on how to carry out this experiment using design expert 13, a reduced Quadratic model with a significant P-value of 0.0325 shows the model is significant, as indicated by an f-value of 3.57. An F-value might be caused by noise only in 3.25% of cases. The run was reduced to 18 compared to the 20 runs originally used by Tshizanga et al
Handling heat‐stable salts in post‐combustion CO<sub>2</sub> capture: A detailed survey
The generation of heat‐stable salts (HSSs) in alkanolamine solutions for CO2 capture processes, which is adapted for power plant technologies, exists irrespective of the class of amine solution used for the capture process. Their presence do not only trigger decrements in the CO2 absorption capacities of the solvents and contribute to further alkanolamine degradation, but also result in foaming and loss of solvents, which impacts system economics and threatens the environment. HSSs also promote the corrosiveness of the metallic structures of capture systems by lowering the pH and increasing the conductivity of the absorbent solutions. Overall, these effects substantially subvert the reliability and integrity of CO2 capture units. This survey affords sufficient background on the existence of HSSs by unraveling the flow process in a typical alkanolamine‐based CO2 capture unit with respect to their formation points and potential threats. Furthermore, the major HSSs removal and alkanolamine reclamation methodologies (electrodialysis, distillation, ion exchange, electromagnetic separation, and solvent extraction) were comprehensively explored. We believe that this review paper will benefit researchers across disciplines as we continue to explore new and complex solvent formulations to minimize the cost of CO2 capture while maximizing efficiency<br/
Developments in anticorrosive organic coatings modulated by nano/microcontainers with porous matrices
The durability and functionality of many metallic structures are seriously threatened by corrosion, which makes the development of anticorrosive coatings imperative. This state-of-the-art survey explores the recent developments in the field of anticorrosive organic coatings modulated by innovations involving nano/microcontainers with porous matrices. The integration of these cutting-edge delivery systems seeks to improve the protective properties of coatings by enabling controlled release, extended durability, targeted application of corrosion inhibitors, and can be co-constructed to achieve defect filling by polymeric materials. The major highlight of this review is an in-depth analysis of the functionalities provided by porous nano/microcontainers in the active protection and self-healing of anticorrosive coatings, including their performance evaluation. In one case, after 20 days of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl, a scratched coating containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with an inhibitor benzotriazole and shelled with polydopamine (MSNs-BTA@PDA) exhibited coating restoration indicated by a sustained corrosion resistance rise over an extended period monitored by impedance values at 0.01 Hz frequency, rising from 8.3 × 104 to 7.0 × 105 Ω cm2, a trend assigned to active protection by the release of inhibitors and self-healing capabilities. Additionally, some functions related to anti-fouling and heat preservation by nano/microcontainers are highlighted. Based on the literature survey, some desirable properties, current challenges, and prospects of anticorrosive coatings doped with nano/microcontainers have been summarized. The knowledge gained from this survey will shape future research directions and applications in a variety of industrial areas, in addition to advancing smart corrosion prevention technology