Vaginal birth after laparoscopic management of heterotopic pregnancy at the Douala general hospital, Cameroon: A case report

Heterotopic pregnancy is the simultaneous presence of an intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy. The prevalence of the condition is unknown in Cameroon. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy managed by laparoscopy. MS a 33‑year‑old G2P0010 woman was admitted to our department because of 7 2/7 weeks’ amenorrhea, mild vaginal bleeding, and severe lower abdominal pain. She has a 6 years’ history of secondary infertility, one induced abortion, and chlamydia infection treated with doxycycline. Furthermore, she has a history of left laparoscopic salpingotomy for tubo‑ovarian abscess. She became pregnant after receiving clomiphene citrate and timed intercourse. Her beta hCG assay was 97000 mIU/mL and transvaginal sonography confirmed ruptured heterotopic pregnancy. She underwent laparoscopic left salpingectomy and the intrauterine pregnancy evolved normally and she gave birth to a healthy female that weighed 3050 g at 38 5/7 weeks gestation. The diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy needs a high index of suspicion. Laparoscopic treatment of heterotopic pregnancy needs to become widespread in Cameroon. Key words: Heterotopic pregnancy; laparoscopic salpingectomy; transvaginal sonography; vaginal birth

Gestion des données manquantes dans les bases de données : la méthode d’imputation multiple sous XLSTAT

The objective of this study is to evaluate the robustness of the missing data management method, called multiple imputation, in the series of secondary data in social sciences. We use a simulation using data observed to see the scope of the multiple imputation method. Results show a close similarity between the observed data and imputed data

Gestion des données manquantes dans les bases de données : la méthode d’imputation multiple sous XLSTAT

The objective of this study is to evaluate the robustness of the missing data management method, called multiple imputation, in the series of secondary data in social sciences. We use a simulation using data observed to see the scope of the multiple imputation method. Results show a close similarity between the observed data and imputed data

Effect of Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Extract on Sucrose-induced Glucose Intolerance in Rats

Purpose: To evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of the methanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea leaves (MEBF) on sucrose-induced glucose intolerance in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats, aged 6 - 7 weeks and weighing 140 - 160 g, were used. The animals were fed standard rat chow supplemented with 35%, 50% or 65% sucrose for 8 weeks while control animals were fed standard rat chow. The hypoglycaemic effect of MEBF and the reference drugs (tolbutamide, and metformin) in the animals were evaluated following a single dose of these drugs and 6-day treatment. Plasma lipid profiles were also determined.Results: Fasting glucose concentrations ranged from 45 to 70 mg/dl, and the increase was significant in the sucrose diet groups from week 1. After 2 weeks on these diets, oral glucose tolerance test showed that sucrose feeding significantly impaired glucose homeostasis 1 and 2 hours after a glucose challenge (76.7 „b 2.0 versus 86.4 „b 8.5 and 66.7 „b 1.4 versus 75.5 „b 3.0, respectively). Fasting blood sugar levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in sucrose-induced, glucose-intolerant rats after a singledose of MEBF. The extract also significantly reduced blood glucose (from 167 ¡Ó 23 mg/dL to 126 ¡Ó 5 mg/dL), serum total cholesterol (from 161 ¡Ó 20 mg/dL to 93 ¡Ó 10 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (281 ¡Ó 25mg/dL to 228 ¡Ó 5 mg/dL) in glucose intolerant rats after 6 days of treatment.Conclusion: The methanol leaf extract of Bridelia ferruginea exhibited hypoglycaemic effect in glucoseintolerant rats

Waist circumference does not predict circulating adiponectin levels in sub-Saharan women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Because of previously reported ethnic differences in determinants and markers of obesity and related metabolic disorders, we sought to investigate circulating levels of adiponectin and their correlates in a sub-Saharan African (sSA) population.</p> <p>Subjects and Methods</p> <p>We studied 70 non-diabetic volunteers (33M/37F) living in Yaoundé, Cameroon, aged 24–69 yr, with BMI 20–42 kg/m². In all participants we measured waist circumference and total body fat by bioimpedance, and obtained a fasting venous blood sample for measurement of plasma glucose, serum insulin and adiponectin concentrations. We performed a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in 1/4 subjects, and HOMA_IRwas used as surrogate of fasting insulin sensitivity index since it best correlates to clamp measurements.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Males had lower adiponectin levels than females (8.8 ± 4.3 vs. 11.8 ± 5.5 μg/L). There was no significant correlation between adiponectin and total body fat (r_s= -0.03; NS), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with waist circumference (r_s= -0.39; p = 0.001). Adiponectin correlated negatively with insulin resistance (r_s= -0.35; p = 0.01). In a regression analysis using fasting adiponectin concentration as the dependent variable, and age, HOMA_IR, waist circumference, and fat mass as predictors, waist circumference (β = -3.30; p = 0.002), fat mass (β = -2.68; p = 0.01), and insulin resistance (β = -2.38; p = 0.02) but not age (β = 1.11; p = 0.27) were independent predictors of adiponectin. When considering gender, these relations persisted with the exception of waist circumference in females.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adiponectin correlates in this study population are comparable to those observed in Caucasians with the exception of waist circumference in women. The metabolic significance of waist circumference is therefore questioned in sSA women.</p

Postpartum hemoperitoneum due to rupture of a blood vessel on a uterine pseudo tumor: A case report

We are reporting a case of hemoperitoneum followed by early post partum collapse due to bleeding from a ruptured vessel on the surface of an undiagnosed uterine pseudo tumor. There are literature reports of  spontaneous hemoperitoneum from bleeding of superficial vessels over lyingmyomas during pregnancy but a case of rupture of a blood vessel on a  uterine pseudo tumor leading to isolated hemoperitoneum in the immediatepostpartum period is a rare event. We are presenting the literature review and some aspects of the management of this case. The importance of having a high index of suspicion in cases of hemoperitoeum occurring immediately after delivery especially in a low income setting where radiologic imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); which is the most  sensitive diagnostic tool in cases of ruptured vessels are rare is highlighted

The Root Aqueous Extract of Entada africana

Entada africana (Mimosaceae) was reported to have analgesic and antioxidant properties. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of the root aqueous extract of Entada africana (EA) on an experimental model of endometriosis. The study was performed in rats orally treated with EA at doses of 127.5, 255, and 510 mg/kg. Microgynon® 30 served as the reference substance. Estradiol valerate and oxytocin were used to induce dysmenorrhea. Endometrial implant levels of catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA) allowed estimating tissue oxidative status. Ovarian dynamic and rat sexual behavior were assessed through histological analysis of ovaries, uterus, and vagina. EA decreased dysmenorrhea at tested doses following a 7-day treatment (p<0.001). Endometrial implant volume decreased following the three treatment periods (p<0.05). Catalase activity (p<0.001) and MDA level (p<0.01) increased only following a 3-day treatment. EA also increased antral follicles, reduced luteinized unruptured follicle number (p<0.001), and induced animals to be in the estrus phase. In conclusion, EA prevented the progress of endometriosis, reduced dysmenorrhea, promoted ovarian follicle growth, prevented anovulation, and stimulated the special period of rat sexual desire. These results suggest that Entada africana could be a promising alternative option for the treatment of endometriosis

Gestion Des Donnees Manquantes Dans Les Bases De Donnees En Sciences Sociales : Algorithme Nipals Ou Imputation Multiple?

The main objective of this paper is to assess the robustness of imputation methods to fill up the series of secondary data in social sciences. The methodology used, especially that of mean imputation, multiple imputation and NIPALS algorithm, is based on a simulation using observed data. Results show a close similarity between the observed data and the data obtained by multiple imputation, mean imputation and NIPALS algorithm. The results also suggest that multiple imputation provides values substantially similar to observed data

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine / Lupinalbin A as the most potent estrogen receptor \u3b1- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist in Eriosema laurentii de Wild. (Leguminosae)

Background: Eriosema laurentii De Wild. (Leguminosae) is a plant used in Cameroon against infertility and gynecological or menopausal complaints. In our previous report, a methanol extract of its aerial parts was shown to exhibit estrogenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activities in vitro and to prevent menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Methods: In order to determine the major estrogen receptor \u3b1 (ER\u3b1) agonists in the extract, an activity-guided fractionation was performed using the ER\u3b1 yeast screen. To check whether the ER\u3b1 active fractions/compounds also accounted for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity of the crude methanol extract, they were further tested on the AhR yeast screen. Results: This study led to the identification of 2\u2032-hydroxygenistein, lupinalbin A and genistein as major estrogenic principles of the extract. 2\u2032-hydroxygenistein and lupinalbin A were, for the first time, also shown to possess an AhR agonistic activity, whereas genistein was not active in this assay. In addition, it was possible to deduce structure-activity relationships. Conclusions: These results suggest that the identified compounds are the major active principles responsible for the estrogenic and AhR agonistic activities of the crude methanol extract of the aerial parts of Eriosema laurentii

Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils exhibit testosterone antagonistic and oestrogen synergic effects in male Wistar rats: potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment

Background: Aframomum species are routinely used as spices in many traditional Cameroonian meals due to their sweet fragrance. Many species of the Aframomum species are also used to treat cancer, pain, arthritis, and stomach disorders. This work was performed to determine the chemical composition, antiandrogenic, and estrogenic properties of Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils. Methods: The chemical components of A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The anti-androgenic and estrogenic properties were investigated in vivo in physically and chemically castrated Wistar rats, respectively. Results: Fifteen compounds versus nine compounds were identified in A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils, respectively. The main compounds of Aframomum subsericeum were cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) (10.03%), γ-terpine (12.22%), and myrtenyl acetate (8.52%), while those of Aframomum alboviolaceum were γ-terpinene (20.07%), caryophyllene (11.58%), myrtenyl acetate (7.22%), and (1R)2, 6, 6 trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene (6.97%). The results of the anti-androgenic test reveal that both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum induced a significant decrease in androgen-dependent organs, especially the prostate and seminal vesicle, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, A. alboviolaceum showed oestrogen synergic effects on the above organs. Conclusions: So, this study reveals mainly the presence of diterpenoids in both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum, which are potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The in vivo results show that Aframomum leaf essential has antiandrogenic and oestrogen synergic properties, suggesting that the oils could provide a safe natural drug for prostate cancer treatment