244 research outputs found
The nature of public opinion on social media in China
The political implications of the Internet on China has drawn much interest. Without an effective government system of grievance address, Chinese citizens have directed their complaints first to the news media and then social media as de-facto petition offices. Without the vote in political elections, the Chinese have exercised their citizenship through onlooking, producing and sharing information, expressing opinions and discussing with each other, and mobilizing action about public issues online. The launch of Sina Weibo in 2009 and its rapid rise in popularity saw objectionable projects scraped and corrupt officials dismissed. In response, the Chinese state struck back with tightened control on uses and in early 2013 arrested some and terminated the accounts of other prominent users, while increasing its own use of social media. At the same time, Weixin, which has been popular since its launch in 2011, has introduced public accounts that publish posts to their subscribers, and allow them to comment on the posts. Many scholars have analysed these changes from the perspective of development of the civil society, formation of the public sphere, and change in state-society relationship. Recently, big data analyses have produced results about the type of topics discussed and network distribution of messages on social media spaces. Far fewer have investigated these changes as phenomena of public opinion beyond using the term as description. This is surprising as journalists and the Chinese authorities themselves tend to frame these changes as the rise of online public opinion, and the Chinese authorities have responded by building an industry of online public opinion research. Against this background, this paper aims to propose a conceptualization of public opinion on social media. Following Arnoldâs (2007) (âTönniesâ concept of public opinion and its utility for the academic field,â Javnost-the public, 14(2), 7-29) framework, it suggests the existence of mass sentiment, published opinion, public opinion, and opinion of the public on social media in China. It considers the expression of public opinion on social media, and conceives the articulation of online public opinion as a process of co-productionâin contrast to articulation of âofflineâ public opinion as a product. Social media posts that communicate information, emotion, and action-indication, in addition to analysis and judgement, are considered relevant to the formation of opinion of the public. With reference to Chinaâs weibo, a networked stimulus-response process model is proposed for the formation of public opinion on social media in China.China Studies Centre, University of Sydne
Exploring the second phase of public journalism
This paper examines the new forms of audience participation in journalism with regard to their possibility in achieving the goals of public journalism.2 A typology of five models of audience connections is proposed: (1) traditional journalism, (2) public journalism, (3) interactive journalism, (4) participatory journalism, and (5) citizen journalism. Identifying the higher goal of public journalism as engaging the people as citizens and helping public deliberation, I argue that the new forms of audience participation could further these goals only by infusing the value from and learning the techniques of public journalism. The concept of community, of public deliberation, past research on the Internet, and data obtained from my field study is drawn upon.Fulbright Research Counci
The Travelling Objectivity Norm: Examining the case of the first Chinese journalism handbook
This study investigates the significance of Xu Baohuangâs 1919 textbook Xin wen xue on the articulation of an objectivity norm in the early Republican-era in China. It addresses issues raised by cross-cultural or comparative analysis of journalistic norms. It also considers the need to maintain awareness of differences in the political and journalistic field in Republican-era China. Following Michael Schudsonâs 1981 essay âThe Objectivity Norm in American Journalism,â our analysis focuses on the articulation of the objectivity norm and looks for unique aspects of norm formation arising out of the Chinese context. As such, we see Xuâs role as more than importing an American norm into China. Rather he codifies and legitimizes a norm that has a distinct relationship to local issues and media practice. We argue that while Xuâs text articulates what can only be considered a nascent ideal, and not a fully matured objectivity norm, his work nevertheless codifies a new sense of news, and also a journalistic commitment to the cultivation of healthy public opinion
Networked Framing Between Source Posts and Their Reposts: An Analysis of Public Opinion On China's Microblogs
Retweeting a post on a social media platform is a part of a process of growing significance through which public opinion formation takes place. A âretweet countâ on, say Twitter or weibo, can be taken as a measure of user influence. The assumption is that when B retweets Aâs message, B empathizes with A and wishes to disseminate the message more widely. But this assumption has hardly been tested and preliminary evidence suggests practices for retweeting on Twitter vary. Nor can retweeting practices on Twitter be assumed to apply on weibo. This paper makes the first effort to understand the practice of reposting on Chinaâs weibo, focusing on the content of reposts in comparison to that of the original messages. A quantitative comparison is made of the frame [Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51â58; Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1â37] of the source post of 21 cases, and their reposts. The posts and reposts all refer to the issue of officials being exposed for corruption on Sina Weibo. The study finds sound evidence of networked framing, in which reposters revised frames of the source posters while disseminating them. Although over half of the reposts merely republished the source post without added content, what emerged were new communicative functions, case definitions, and a diagnosis of the consequences of exposing the cases. However, different types of user accounts drew different reposting frames, which points to a consistent paradigm between the source accounts and the reposters. The results are important for understanding the mechanisms behind the formation of public opinion on weibo.Joyce Y. M. Nipâs research was supported by the Faculty Research Support Scheme of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University of Sydney. King-wa Fuâs study was supported by the General Research Fund, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (HKU 17402314H)
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Barcoding cells using cell-surface programmable DNA-binding domains
We develop here a novel approach to barcode large numbers of cells through cell-surface expression of programmable zinc-finger DNA-binding domains (sZFs). We show sZFs enable double-stranded DNA to sequence-specifically label living cells, and also develop a sequential tagging approach to in situ image >3 cell types using just 3 fluorophores. Finally we demonstrate their broad versatility through ability to serve as surrogate reporters and facilitate selective cell capture and targeting
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Automated information extraction from free-text EEG reports
In this study we have developed a supervised learning to automatically detect with high accuracy EEG reports that describe seizures and epileptiform discharges. We manually labeled 3,277 documents as describing one or more seizures vs no seizures, and as describing epileptiform discharges vs no epileptiform discharges. We then used NaĂŻve Bayes to develop a system able to automatically classify EEG reports into these categories. Our system consisted of normalization techniques, extraction of key sentences, and automated feature selection using cross validation. As candidate features we used key words and special word patterns called elastic word sequences (EWS). Final feature selection was accomplished via sequential backward selection. We used cross validation to predict out of sample performance. Our automated feature selection procedure resulted in a classifier with 38 features for seizure detection, and 23 features for epileptiform discharge detection. The average [95% CI] area under the receiver operating curve was 99.05 [98.79, 99.32]% for detecting reports with seizures, and 96.15 [92.31, 100.00]% for detecting reports with epileptiform discharges. The methodology described herein greatly reduces the manual labor involved in identifying large cohorts of patients for retrospective neurophysiological studies of patients with epilepsy
Assessing the Impact of Digital Alternative News Media in a Hybrid News Environment: Cases from Taiwan and Hong Kong
As consumption of mainstream news media declines and alternative news media proliferates,
in this paper, we seek to assess the impact of digital alternative news media (DANM) in relation
to mainstream news media (MNM). We examine the range of DANM, especially public Facebook
pages, related to two large-scale social movements neighbouring mainland China as case studies
of social movement media exerting maximalist effects. The assessment relies on academic sources,
archival materials, descriptive social media metrics, and an original analysis of external content
shared on public Facebook pages and groups using data collected from the Facebook Graph API. A
six-dimensional scheme is proposed to guide the assessment. Sorting through and piecing together
multiple sources, we arrive at a multi-faceted description, comparison, and analysis of the impact of
DANM during two social movements
Challenging Official Propaganda? Public Opinion Leaders on Sina Weibo.
This article examines the prominence of various user categories as opinion leaders, defined as initiators, agenda setters or disseminators, in 29 corruption cases exposed on SinaWeibo. It finds that ordinary citizens made up the largest category of initiators but that their power of opinion leadership was limited as they had to rely on media organizations to spread news about the cases. News organizations and online media were the main opinion leaders. Government and Party bodies initiated a fair number of cases and, despite not being strong agenda setters or disseminators, were able to dominate public opinion owing to the fact that news organizations and online media mainly published official announcements about the cases. Media organizations also played a secondary role as the voice of the people. While individuals from some other user categories were able to become prominent opinion leaders, news workers are likely to be the most promising user category to challenge official propaganda.Faculty Research Support Scheme of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University of Sydney. University of Hong Kong Seed Funding Program for Basic Research and the General Research Fund, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (Project Code: 17402314)
Patient experience of nasal obstruction and its clinical assessment
BACKGROUND: The correlation between objective and subjective nasal obstruction is poor, and dissatisfaction rates after surgery for nasal obstruction are high. Accordingly, novel assessment techniques may be required. This survey aimed to determine patient experience and preferences for the measurement of nasal obstruction. METHOD: Prospective survey of rhinology patients. RESULTS: Of 72 questionnaires distributed, 60 were completed (response rate of 83 per cent). Obstruction duration (more than one year) (Ï2 = 13.5, p = 0.00024), but not obstruction severity, affected willingness to spend more time being assessed. Questionnaires (48 per cent) and nasal inspiratory peak flow measurement (53 per cent) are the most commonly used assessment techniques. Forty-nine per cent of participants found their assessment unhelpful in understanding their obstruction. Eighty-two per cent agreed or strongly agreed that a visual and numerical aid would help them understand their blockage. CONCLUSION: Many patients are dissatisfied with current assessment techniques; a novel device with visual or numerical results may help. Obstruction duration determines willingness to undergo longer assessment
PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PGSD FKIP UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA ANGKATAN 2014 YANG TINGGAL BERSAMA ORANG TUA DENGAN DI KOST
ABSTRAC
Wahyu Saputra. 2019. Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa PGSD FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya Angkatan 2014 yang Tinggal Bersama Orang Tua dengan Di Kost. Pembimbing (1) Drs. Maspin E Nandja,M.Pd, (2) Dr Endang M.R, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa, Tinggal Bersama Orang Tua dan Di Kost.
Keberhasilan mahasiswa dalam proses belajar dapat dilihat dari nilai yang diperolehnya dari kurun waktu tertentu yang diberikan oleh Dosen melalui mekanisme penilaian yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil belajar tersebut merupakan salah satu parameter yang dapat dilihat untuk mengetahui seberapa berhasil mahasiswa dalam kegiatan proses pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan. Salah satu yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar mahasiswa adalah tempat tinggal. Terdapat dua kategori tempat tinggal mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Palangka Raya, ada yang tinggal bersama orang tua dan ada juga yang tinggal di kost. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa PGSD yang tinggal bersama orang tua dengan mahasiswa yang tinggal di kost.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian komparatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGSD angkatan 2014. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 164 mahasiswa, dengan menggunakan sampel penelitian 50% dari keseluruhan populasi sebanyak 82 orang mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kuantitatif deskripftif yaitu dengan menganalisis data hasil belajar mahasiswa semester 1-7.
Metode analisis yang digunakkan yaitu dengan analisis t-test, untuk menguji hipotesis komparatif dua sampel yang tidak berpasangan. Data diolah dengan program SPSS Version 16. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara variabel X dan variabel Y. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai t-hitung sebesar 0,0782 sedangkan t-tabel sebesar 1,664. Berdasarkan ketentuan jika t-hitung lebih kecil dari t-tabel maka data dari hasil belajar tersebut tidak ada perbedaan. Hal ini juga dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji beda menggunakan rumus t-test diketahui bahwa nilai sig.(2-tailed) sebesar 0,436. Nilai 0,436 ini tentunya lebih besar dari 0,05 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang tinggal bersama orang tua dengan mahasiswa yang tinggal di kost
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