The application of DPSIR model in analyzing the space and environmental state on Murter Island

Cilj rada je analizirati prirodne i društveno-geografske komponente otoka Murtera da bi se dobio uvid u njihova obilježja te na temelju njih procijenilo trenutno stanje okoliša i mogućnosti razvoja otoka. Za analizu prostora korišten je integralni model proučavanja stanja okoliša – DPSIR (driving forces – pressures – states – impacts – responses) koji je osmislila Europska agencija za zaštitu okoliša (EEA, 1999.). Komponente modela: pokretačke sile (D), pritisci (P), stanje (S), učinci (I) i odgovori (R) na trenutno stanje okoliša, omogućavaju analizu i sintezu uzročnih odnosa između ljudskih aktivnosti i okoliša te njihovih posljedica i mogućih odgovora na promjene okoliša. Kao glavne pokretačke sile izdvojeni su stanovništvo i turizam koji su ujedno i glavni čimbenici pritiska na prostor. Pritisak se očituje u koncentraciji stanovništva u priobalnom pojasu otoka, broju turista, količini otpada, onečišćenosti mora i plaža tijekom turističke sezone, preopterećenosti električne mreže i dr.The aim of the author has been to analyze the natural and socio-geographical components of Murter Island in order to get familiar with their characteristics which would be the basis for evaluating the current state of the environment and development possibilities of the Island. An integrated research model DPSIR (driving forces – pressures – states – impacts – responses) designed by the European Environmental Agency (EEA, 1999) was used to analyze the environment. The model consists of driving forces (D), pressures (P), states (S), impacts (I) and responses (R) on the current state of the environment, and enables the analysis and synthesis of causal relationships between human activities and environment, as well as impacts and responses to the environmental changes. Population and tourism have been selected as the main driving forces, but also as the major pressures on the environment. The pressure is reflects in the concentration of the population in the coastal zone, the number of tourists, the amount of waste, pollution of the sea and beaches during the tourist season in overloading the electrical networks et al

GIS-based analysis of doline density on Miljevci karst plateau (Croatia)

The doline density and their spatial distribution analysis is one of the methods used for karst relief morphostructural analysis. We present the results of morphometric features and doline spatial distribution and its relationship, on the Miljevci karst plateau based on the digital elevation model (DEM). Altogether, 286 dolines were mapped in the study area. The nearest neighbor analysis has been applied. The results show that the doline spatial distribution is clustered. Two larger areas with densities of 30 and 34 dolines/km2 are determined. Their distribution along the river canyons could indicate the existence of a palaeodrainage network. The strongest link between the doline density and topography is with the inclination and vertical relief dissection whereas the number of dolines decreases with an increase of slope inclination and relative relief. Such distribution confirms the suitability of karstic plateaus without active drainage for doline formation

Speleothem isotopic composition and its significance in paleoenvironmental reconstruction in Croatia

Promjene u paleookolišu predmet su brojnih znanstvenih istraživanja. Za rekonstrukciju paleookolišnih promjena koriste se paleoklimatski ili paleookolišni posredni pokazatelji, osjetljivi na promjene klimatskih i okolišnih parametara koji ukazuju na klimatske uvjete i stanje okoliša. Vrlo vrijedan i pouzdan pokazatelj su varijacije izotopnog sastava siga iz špilja. S obzirom da varijacije izotopa u sigama ovise o složenim procesima, način njihove interpretacije se razlikuje. Pod uvjetom da se taloženje kalcita odvijalo u ravnotežnim uvjetima, varijacije 18O/16O, te 13C/12C u kalcitnim sigama mogu dati informacije o promjenama u okolišu. Ovaj rad daje pregled temeljnih zakonitosti rekonstrukcije paleookolišnih, prvenstveno klimavegetacijskih uvjeta, temeljem izotopnog sastava siga te sintezu dosadašnjih istraživanja provedenih u Hrvatskoj kao i preliminarne informacije o istraživanjima siga s freatskim obraštajem.Paleoenvironmental changes are the subject of numerous scientific studies. For their reconstruction, paleoclimatic or paleoenvironmental indirect indicators, sensitive to changes in climatic and environmental parameters that indicate climatic and environmental conditions, are used. One of the very valuable and reliable indicator is variation in the isotopic composition of cave speleothems. As isotope variations in speleothems depend on complex processes, the way they are interpreted differs. On condition that calcium carbonate has been precipitated under equilibrium conditions, variations of 18O/16O and 13C/12C in calcite speleothems can provide information on changes in the environment. This paper gives an overview of the basic laws of paleoenvironmental reconstruction, primarily climatic and vegetation conditions, based on the speleothem isotopic composition, the synthesis of previous research conducted in Croatia as well as preliminary information on recent research on speleothems with phreatic overgrowth

Vršnjačko sajber-nasilje među učenicima osnovnih škola u Crnoj Gori

Cyberbullying is a new type of bullying. It emerged due to the fast development and accessibility of information and communications technology (ICT). The current study was conducted with the objective of analyzing prevalence and nature of cyberbullying among middle school students in Pljevlja, and its relation to traditional bullying. The respondents to the questionnaire were 249 students from three middle schools. The results show that 13.7% were victims of cyberbullying, 12.1% were cyberbullies, while 27.7% reported they knew other student being cyberbullied. There are significantly less victims of cyber bulling than of traditional bullying. The most frequent tool used for cyberbullying are social media. The current study also shows that 51.4% of cyberbullies were schoolmates, and girls were more likely to be victims of cyberbullying. Strong positive relation is found between bullies and victims of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. The results are discussed taking into account previous studies.Vršnjačko sajber nasilje je nova forma vršnjačkog nasilja nastala sa razvojem informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija. Cilj rada je da se analizira prisutnost i karakteristike vršnjačkog sajber nasilja među učenicima osnovnih škola u Pljevljima, kao i njegova povezanost sa tradicionalnim vršnjačkim nasiljem. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među 249 učenika viših razreda tri osnovne škole u Pljevljima, Crna Gora. Pokazalo se da je 13,7% učenika izjavilo da su bili žrtve vršnjačkog sajber nasilja i 12,1% njih da su bili njegovi izvršioci, dok je 27,7% učenika je izjavilo da poznaju učenika/učenicu koji je doživeo vršnjačko sajber nasilje. Žrtava sajber nasilja ima značajno manje od žrtava tradicionalnog nasilja. Vršnjačko sajber nasilje se najčešće realizuje preko društvenih mreža. u 51,4%, izvršioci vršnjačkog sajber nasilja bili školski drugovi i drugarice, a žrtve su značajno češće devojčice. Pokazuje se značajna pozitivna veza između žrtava i nasilnika i tradicionalnog vršnjačkog i vršnjačkog sajber nasilja. Rezultati su diskutovani u svetlu dosadašnjih istraživanja

Natural-geographic characteristics of Bjelovar-bilogora County in the function of tourism development

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija smještena je u Središnjoj hrvatskoj zavali te ima povoljne prirodnogeografske uvjete za razvoj turizma. Županija ima dobar geoprometni položaj prema najvećoj urbanoj aglomeraciji koja je ujedno i najveće turističko središte kontinentalne Hrvatske. Usprkos bogatoj i raznolikoj prirodnogeografskoj samo je zdravstveno-lječilišni turizam sustavno razvijan od druge polovice 20. stoljeća, a sve veća važnost pridaje se lovnom i ruralnom turizmu. Za potrebe istraživanja provedeno je kvantitativno anketno istraživanje na neprobabilistički odabranom, prigodnom uzorku koji čine građani Republike Hrvatske sa stalnim prebivalištem na području Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije i oni koji nemaju stalno prebivalište na području Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije. Na temelju rezultata ankete i analize statističkih podataka utvrđeno je da su posjetitelji uglavnom zadovoljni cjelokupnom turističkom ponudom, no nedostaje im više manifestacija i zabavnih sadržaja. Budući razvoj turizma Bjelovarsko-bilogorske županije trebao bi se temeljiti na nadopuni postojeće turističke ponude koja ima brojne neiskorištene prirodne potencijale, te što boljom promocijom istih.Bjelovar-bilogora County is located in central Croatian basin and has favourable natural-geographical conditions for the tourism development. County has a good geographic position towards the largest urban agglomeration in Croatia, which is also the largest source of domestic travel demand. Despite its rich and diverse natural resource basis, only medical and health tourism has been systematically developed, while the increasing importance is given to hunting and rural tourism. For the purpose of this study quantitative survey on a nonprobabilistic sample consisting of Croatian citizens who have permanent residence in the area of Bjelovar County and others who have not, was conducted. Visitors are mostly satisfied with the overall tourist offer, but they have expressed a desire for a larger number of cultural and entertainment events. Further development of tourism in Bjelovar-bilogora County should be based on the upgrading and better promotion of the existing touristic offer that has many unexploited natural resources

Uključenost roditelja u iskustvo kiber nasilja kod učenika osnovnih škola

Cyber bullying has been widespread among youth during the last few decades, sometimes with deadly consequences. This type of violence remains too often out of adult's control since for many parents and teachers Internet and social media still represent an unknown territory. The objective of the current study is the analysis of the scope of parental involvement in children's online experience and their peer cyber bullying experience, and the analysis of connection between these two phenomena. Peer cyber bullying included: name calling, harassment, gossiping, identity-misrepresentation, sharing of private photos, videos and communication, social exclusion, stalking via SMS, e-mail, social media and other online communication platforms. The study included 249 middle school students (age 11-16 years, 50.6% female) in Pljevlja, Montenegro. The questionnaire was created for the current study purposes. The results showed that 63.1% students reported that their parents/care-givers talked to them about how to behave toward others when using Internet and 65.2% reported that their parents/care-givers monitor what they do online. Among study subjects there were 13.8% (N = 32) victims of cyber bullying. One third of them (34.4%, N = 11) reported victimization to their parent/caregivers. On the other side, 27.7% (N = 69) students reported that they knew a schoolmate who was cyber bullying the victim, and one quarter of them (24.6%, N = 17) reported schoolmate's victimization to their parents/ care-givers. Victimization was reported to the parents/care-givers significantly more by the students whose parents/care-givers talked to them how to behave toward others when using Internet [x2 = 12.626(1), p lt 0.001], and significantly more by the students whose online activities were monitored by their parents/ care-givers [x2 = 6.145(1), p lt 0.05] than by the students with whom parents did not have such activities. Also, victimization of their schoolmate was reported to parents/care-givers significantly more by the students whose parents talked about how to behave toward others when using Internet [x2 = 7.585(1), p lt 0.01] and significantly more by the students whose online activities were monitored by their parents/care-givers [x2 = 7.622(1), p lt= 0.001], than by the students to whom parents did not have such activities. The strongest correlation was between reporting personal cyber bullying victimization and reporting cyber bullying victimization of a schoolmate [x2 = 22.543(1), p lt= 0.001]. There was no significant correlation between reporting perpetration of cyber bullying and parental involvement in children's online experience, either through conversation about online behaviour or through monitoring. The findings of the research and its implications for the practice were discussed. As the results clearly imply that in practice parents should be encouraged to take an active role in their children's online and cyber bullying experience, some recommendation were presented regarding effective parental involvement, the role of school, police and prosecution in preventing cybercrime and healing its consequences. Strong collaboration between schools and parents, educational campaigns for students and their parents, whole school approach with programs actively involving students like peer education and peer mediation are equally important, as well as the evidence based interventions by psycho-social experts and legislative representatives when it is needed.Kiber nasilje je sve prisutnije među mladima, nekada i sa fatalnim posledicama. Kako za mnoge roditelje i nastavnike internet i društvene mreže predstavljaju nepoznatu teritoriju, to nasilje često izmiče njihovoj kontroli. Ciljevi rada su analiza obima uključenosti roditelja u iskustvo dece na internetu, u iskustvo vršnjačkog kiber nasilja, i analiza povezanosti između ove dve pojave. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 249 učenika viših razreda osnovnih škola u Pljevljima u Crnoj Gori. Učenici su popunjavali upitnik priređen za svrhe istraživanja. Pokazalo se da je 63,1% učenika izjavilo da su roditelj/staratelji razgovarali sa njima o tome kako da se ponašaju prema drugima na internetu, a 65,2% njih da roditelji/staratelji proveravaju njihove aktivnosti na internetu. Roditelje/staratelje je obavestilo o ličnoj izloženosti nasilju značajno više učenika sa kojima su roditelji razgovarali o ponašanju na internetu [x2(1) = 12,626, p lt 0,001, C = 0,403], i značajno više učenika čije su aktivnosti na internetu roditelji proveravali [x2(1) = 6,145, p lt 0,05, C = 0,294]. Roditelje/staratelje ili nastavnike je obavestilo o izloženosti nasilju druga/drugarice značajno više učenika sa kojima su roditelji razgovarali o ponašanju na internetu [x2(1) = 7,585, p lt 0,01, C = 0,299], i značajno više učenika čije su aktivnosti na internetu roditelji proveravali [x2(1) = 7,622, p lt = 0,001, C = 0,300], nego učenika čiji roditelji nisu bili angažovani na ovaj način. Nije se pokazala značajna povezanost izvršenja kiber nasilja sa razgovorom roditelja/staratelja sa decom o ponašanju na internetu, kao ni sa proverom njihovih aktivnosti na internetu. U radu se daju preporuke za unapređenje uključenosti roditelja u internet aktivnosti dece, za uključivanje škole u prevenciju kiber nasilja i saradnju sa roditeljima i za saradnju sa ekspertima, policijom i tužilaštvom

Early and mid-holocene environmental conditions in the eastern Adriatic recorded in speleothems from Mala Špilja cave and Velika Špilja cave (Mljet island, Croatia)

This study presents high resolutionoxygen and carbon isotopicrecord of two U-Th dated stalagmites from the EasternAdriatic caves. The stalagmites were collected from Mala špiljaand Velika špilja caves situated on Mljet Island in the southernpart of the Croatian Adriatic. Dripwater samples werecollected from Medvjeđa špilja, Strašna peć, Špilja u Vrdolje,Kraljicina spilja, Velika špilja and Mala špilja caves. All cavesformed in well-stratified Cretaceous limestones. The averagevalue of deuterium excess of the dripwater is 9.3 ‰, indicatingthat the atmospheric conditions over the Atlantic Oceanhave greater influence on the isotopic composition precipitationin the Adriatic region than the Eastern MediterraneanSea. The longest isotopic record of the speleothems is of stalagmiteMSM-1 from Mala špilja Cave dated from 119.2±3.3 ka to 5.6±0.6 ka, although deposition was not continuous.During the Holocene the speleothem grew between 7 kaand 4 ka. That interval is characterized by several δ18Oc andδ13Cc fluctuations reflecting changes in the environment. Superimposedon these fluctuations, there is an increasing trendin the 7.0−6.5 ka interval, evident in elevated δ18O values,which primarily refers the trend to drier conditions in theeastern Adriatic, which were occasionally interrupted by wetintervals. Humid conditions are particularly pronounced bylow δ18Oc and δ13Cc values of speleothem MSM-1 between 7.3and 6 ka, as a reflection of increased precipitation and lower temperatures. The transition to today's Mediterranean climate(Cs) occurred between 6 ka and 5 ka, while the driest conditionsare recorded at ~4.7 − 4.2 ka. Comparisons betweenthe eastern Adriatic δ18Oc and δ13Cc records of the speleothemfrom Mala špilja Cave (MSM-1) and Velika špilja Cave (MljetIsland) with Soreq Cave (Israel) and Corchia Cave (Italy) togetherwith other proxies such as lake sediments demonstratethat the speleothems from the Eastern Adriatic caves recordthe local and the regional climatic changes.Key words: Holocene, speleothem; stable isotopes; EasternAdriatic, Croatia.Rekonstrukcija okoljskih razmer vzgodnjem in poznem Holocenu na podlagi zapisa v sigi jamMala Špilja in Velika Špilja (otok Mljet, Hrvaška)Raziskava temelji na visoko ločljivih zapisih kisikovih in ogljikovihizotopov, pridobljenih iz dveh stalagmitov, datiranih zuran-torijevo metodo. Kapnika sta bila vzorčena v jamah Malašpilja in Velika špilja na otoku Mljet, v južnem delu hrvaškegaJadrana. Vzorčena je bila tudi prenikla voda v jamah Medvjeđašpilja, Strašna peć, Špilja u Vrdolje, Kraljicina spilja, Velikašpilja in Mala špilja. Vse omenjene jame so v plastovitem krednemapnencu. Povprečna vrednost presežka devterija v preniklivodi je 9,3 ‰, kar kaže na prevladujoč podnebni vplivAtlantskega oceana v primerjavi z vplivom vzhodnega Sredozemlja.Najdaljši izotopski zapis smo pridobili iz kapnikaMSM-1 iz Male špilje, katerega starost je med 119,2 ±3,3 ka in5,6±0,6 ka. Za kapnik je značilnih več prekinitev izločanja. Vholocenu je kapnik rastel v obdobju med 7 ka in 4 ka. V temobdobju je več izrazitih nihanj δ18Oc in δ13Cc, kar kaže na spremembeokolja. Med 7,0 in 6,5 ka je v zapisu trend naraščanjaδ18O, kar kaže na relativno suhe razmere v vzhodnem Jadranu,ki so jih občasno prekinila vlažna obdobja. Med 7,3 in6 ka je več obdobij z nizkim vrednostmi δ18Oc in δ13Cc v vzorcuMSM-1, kar kaže na veliko padavin in nizke temperature.Prehod v današnjo sredozemsko klimo (Cs) se je zgodil med6 ka in 5 ka, najbolj suha obdobja smo zabeležili med 4,7 kain 4,2 ka. Primerjava izotopskih zapisov δ18Oc on δ13Cc iz Malešpilje (MSM-1) in Velike špilje (Mljet) z zapisi v jami Soreq (Izrael)in v sistemu Corchia (Italija) ter drugimi kazalci nekdanjihokolij, npr. jezerskimi sedimenti, kažejo, da sige vzhodnega Jadrana hranijo pomembne zapise o lokalnih in regionalnihpodnebnih spremembah.Ključne besede: Holocen, siga, stabilni izotopi, vzhodni Jadran,Hrvaška.

Kvantitativna analiza utjecaja porasta razine Jadranskog mora na hrvatsku obalu: GIS pristup

Procjene za prosječan porast morske razine na globalnoj razini do kraja 21. stoljeća najčešće variraju od 0,18 m do ≥ 1 m u odnosu na današnju razinu. Ako se razmatraju procjene koje obuhvaćaju i otapanje grenlandskog i antarktičkog ledenog pokrova, tada se može očekivati porast morske razine od 5 i više m. Sukladno s globalnim promjenama, razina Jadranskog mora također je u porastu. Radi analize potencijalne ugroženosti hrvatske obale od porasta morske razine, izrađena su tri modela porasta razine Jadranskog mora (od 1 m, 3 m i 6 m). Na temelju modela analizira se utjecaj porasta morske razine na različite socioekonomske segmente obalnog prostora. Cilj je istraživanja definirati najugroženije dijelove hrvatske obale. Kako bi se mogli diferencirati najugroženiji dijelovi, izrađen je Indeks ugroženosti obalnih općina ( ). U izradi Indeksa koristili su se analizom utjecaja dobiveni kvantitativni podaci o prostornom obuhvatu poplavnih zona te ugroženosti stanovništva i prometne infrastrukture obalne zone. Navedenim su varijablama s pomoću Analitičkog hijerarhijskog procesa (AHP) pridruženi različiti težinski koeficijenti, ovisno o važnosti varijable. Pri analizi svih triju modela uočeno je kako se Zadar i njegova okolica ističu kao najugroženije područje hrvatske obale. Zbog toga je na primjeru Zadra izvršena znatno detaljnija analiza mikrolokacijskog utjecaja porasta morske razine. Podaci dobiveni analizom različitih modela pokazuju kako je gotovo cijela hrvatska obala ugrožena, ali i da postoji velik nerazmjer u razini ugroženosti pojedinih dijelova hrvatske obale. Važnost je ovog istraživanja u tome što ono predstavlja temelj za pravovremenu adaptaciju na negativne utjecaje budućeg porasta razine Jadranskog mora