657 research outputs found

    Occupational injuries to senior farmers in Sweden

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    The prevailing demographic change in the western world means that the workforce is becoming older. Farmers in particular often work beyond the normal retirement age, in a challenging physical environment. For example, the agricultural sector has the most hazardous work environment in Sweden. Therefore, it is interesting to examine the following questions: Are senior farmers more frequently involved in work-related injuries? Do some injuries happen more often in the oldest age group? Which part of the body is most frequently affected in different age groups? What can be done to decrease the risk of injury in senior farmer

    To work or not to work in an extended working life?

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    In most of the industrialised world, the proportion of older and retired people in the population is continuously increasing. This will have budgetary implications for maintaining the welfare state, because the active working section of the population must fund the non-active and old population. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain knowledge about older workers’ work and life situation in association with their planning and decision to retire from working life. Method: The thesis includes one qualitative and three quantitative studies conducted in Sweden. Result: Self-rated health was found to be a better measure than diagnosed disease of whether older workers believed they could work until 65 years or beyond. Health seems not to be a general impediment to working in old age if older workers are satisfied with their work situation and have enough time and opportunities to recover from fatigue. In one of Sweden’s most hazardous work environments, older workers were not injured significantly more often than younger workers. Good mental and physical work environment, moderate working pace and working time, and the right competence and possibility for skills development were factors determining whether older workers believed they can extend their working life. Attitude to older workers in the organisation, motivation and work satisfaction were factors determining whether older workers want to extend working life. Health, personal economic incentives, family/leisure pursuits and attitude to pension in society affected both whether people believed they can and wanted to extend their working life. In their final retirement decision, older workers considered: i) their possibility to balance and adapt functional ageing and health to a sustainable work situation; ii) their economic situation; iii) possibilities for social inclusion and coherence; iv) and possibilities for meaningful activities. Whether these requirements were best fulfilled in or outside working life determined the decision to continue working or to retire. Conclusion: If it is desirable for society that people will to extend their working life, both the “can work” and the “want to work” factors need to be met. It is important to provide a good fit inside working life. This requires a focus not only on older workers, but also on organisations and managers in order to provide incentives that keep older workers in the work force

    Conceptualisation of ageing in relation to factors of importance for extending working life - a review

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    AIM: The aim of this study was to explore and understand the complexity of ageing in relation to factors of importance for extending working life.METHOD: Discourse analysis of documents was used in an integrative review including 128 articles.RESULT: Four different conceptualisation of ageing are shown to affect older workers' ability to extend their working life: (a) biological ageing people's health in relation to their physical and mental work environment, their pace of work and recuperation needs; (b) chronological ageing statutory retirement age and policies and economic incentives devised for older workers by society, unions and organisations/enterprises; (c) social ageing inclusion in different social groups, the attitude of managers, organisations and family members, the leisure activities and surrounding environment; and (d) mental/cognitive ageing self-crediting, motivating and meaningful activities, competence and skills in working life. CONCLUSIONS SOCIETIES TODAY FOCUS MOSTLY ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGEING AND ARE LOOKING TO INCREASE THE RETIREMENT AGE WITH REGARD TO STATUTORY PENSION SYSTEMS, EG BEYOND 65 YEARS OF AGE THE INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHRONOLOGICAL, MENTAL, BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL AGEING AND THE NINE AREAS IDENTIFIED AS BEING IMPORTANT TO OLDER WORKERS IN THESE RESPECTS NEED TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN AIMING TO PROVIDE A SUSTAINABLE WORKING LIFE FOR THE INCREASING NUMBERS OF OLDER WORKERS IN MODERN SOCIETY THE THEORETICAL MODEL DEVELOPED IS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRITICAL DEBATE THAT CAN BE APPLIED BY SOCIETIES, EMPLOYERS AND MANAGERS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE OLDER WORKERS WITH AN INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE EXTENDED WORKING LIFE

    Why work beyond 65? Discourse on the Decision to Continue Working or Retire Early

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    This study examined retirement decisions among people who had left working life before 65 years of age and those working beyond 65 years in an extended working life. The results were used to make a model about their considerations, weighting and decision making, and important factors and themes in working beyond 65 years of age or retiring before 65. The interviewees seemed to have considered and weighed their own best life balance to finally result in their identity as (older) worker or early retiree. They included their work situation and social surroundings in descriptions of their planning and retirement decision making. The most important themes in these descriptions were (i) personal health and well-being; (ii) personal finances; (iii) possibilities for social inclusion; and (iv) possibilities for self-crediting by meaningful activities. Those identifying themselves as older workers had possibilities in their life situation to manage their work in relation to their functional ageing and health situation; felt important to others and socially included in the workplace; and did meaningful tasks and felt empowered in their working life. Those who had left the working life before 65 years of age describe a better possibility to this outside the working life and left as soon as they acquire a sufficient pension. The results and model presented here on how people perceive their identity as older worker or early retiree will hopefully contribute to understanding retirement planning and to the formulation of strategies to extend working life

    The mental work environment and social work environment on the senior workforce

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    Introduction: The Swedish Agency for Work Environment Expertise commissioned researchers atLund University, Kristianstad University and Malmö University to conduct a systematic reviewfocusing on the impact of the psychosocial work environment on the senior workforce (≄55 years ofage) in a Swedish context.Aims: To provide an overview of how psychosocial work environment and occupational healthfactors affect the senior workforce, and describe interventions designed to improve the workenvironment.Methods: The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) were followed. The data bases: Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus and Medline were searched forarticles published until 2021-07-10.Results: After deduplication 846 articles remained, of which 49 were selected for full text screening.After exclusion of studies with low quality 20 remained. The studies included in this literature reviewhave been thematized and analysed based on the nine determinant areas of the swAge model1, forthe ability and willingness to work in relation to ageing, to explain the complexity of predictors forthe senior workforce’s working life. These determinant areas are divided into predictors of: the workenvironment’s effects on health; the personal financial situation; the social support, relationships,and participation; as well as the execution of work tasks and activities.Conclusions: Several of the articles included in the literature review did not consider the definition ofage in relation to the senior workforce, despite age being the factor that characterizes anddistinguishes a senior employee. However, there were articles highlighting the significance ofconsidering the senior workforce based on their biological age, social age, and cognitive age ratherthan just their chronological age (i.e. how many years had passed since they were born). Severalgeneral suggestions were discernable in the articles included in the literature review that will bediscussed

    Home Ownership and Unemployment: A Panel Data Study on Australia

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    Home ownership has for long been welcomed and subsidized across most Western countries. Earlier macro studies on the linkages between home ownership rates and unemployment rates have shown a fairly strong support of the Oswald hypothesis. However, these results have been contradicted by micro level evidence on the topic. In this paper the Oswald hypothesis will be analysed by conducting a panel data study on Australia. Earlier methodological issues of endogenous home ownership rates will be reduced by using instrumental variables methods to partly control for the issues that have shed doubt in earlier findings. The obtained results are in support of the Oswald hypothesis, and indicate that a 1 % increase in home ownership rates are followed by an increase of 0.1 - 0.3 % in unemployment rates. The paper also finds evidence of a strong link between trade union membership rates and unemployment rates. The results implicate that a 1 % increase in the trade union membership rate is followed by a 0.15 - 0.25 % increase in unemployment rates. No matter what mechanisms lie behind the findings it is sufficing to say that economies benefit from a highly mobile workforce and that housing markets that are not flexible enough will prevent workers’ to be mobile and move to where the jobs are

    Trafikolyckor med traktorer

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    Lantbruket rankas konsekvent som en av de mest riskfyllda sektorerna i Sverige sĂ„vĂ€l som i mĂ„nga andra delar av vĂ€rlden. Förutom lidande för den enskilde berĂ€knas dödliga och icke dödliga skador i svenskt lantbruk kosta samhĂ€llet 2 – 3 miljarder kr per Ă„r. I Sverige intrĂ€ffade det cirka 5 000 olyckor pĂ„ jordbruksföretag 2004. Detta innebar att minst en olycka intrĂ€ffade pĂ„ 8% av svenska gĂ„rdar som resulterade i kroppslig skada och som utgjorde hinder i arbetet. Förutom de mĂ„nga olycksfall som intrĂ€ffar pĂ„ gĂ„rdar, Ă€r Ă€ven lantbrukarna inblandade i kollisioner med traktorer och andra lĂ„ngsamtgĂ„ende fordon (LGF) pĂ„ vĂ€gar utanför gĂ„rdarna. Dessa kollisioner leder ofta till skador bland lantbrukare, familjemedlemmar, lantarbetare och andra trafikanter. Syftet med denna studie var att nĂ„ en bĂ€ttre förstĂ„else av olyckor med traktorer pĂ„ de svenska vĂ€garna i ett Ă„ldersperspektiv och föreslĂ„ strategier att förebygga olyckorna. Tillsammans med Statistiska CentralbyrĂ„n (SCB) och Myndigheten Trafikanalys utsorterades information om polisrapporterade incidenter med traktorer och andra LGF frĂ„n 1992 till 2009. Endast dödliga skador och skador som ledde till fysisk skada valdes. Totalt intrĂ€ffade 3218 olyckor med LGF som ledde till dödsfall eller fysiska skador under tidsperioden 1992-2009. I cirka 72% (2305) av dessa olycksfall var traktorer inblandade i vilka 3439 personer blev dödade eller skadade. Under denna tidsperiod var traktorer i genomsnitt inblandade i 128 trafikolyckor Ă„rligen dĂ€r i genomsnitt 6,6 personer dödades, 40 blev allvarligt skadade och 144 lindrigt skadade. BĂ„de antal olyckor och antal skadade personer totalt sett under perioden hĂ„ller sig pĂ„ en relativt konstant nivĂ„. DĂ€remot kan man konstatera att de svĂ„rare olyckorna minskar i antal medan de lindriga ökar. I den fördjupade analysen studerades 1226 olyckor dĂ€r fordon med karosserityp ”traktor” varit inblandade (dvs ej t.ex. EPA-traktorer och enaxlade traktorer, A-traktor) och dĂ€r uppgifter om traktorförarnas Ă„ldrar fanns tillgĂ€ngliga. I dessa olyckor var 2981 förare och passagerare i olika fordon inblandade och dĂ€r 75 dödades, 426 skadades svĂ„rt och 1395 fick lindriga skador. MedelĂ„ldern för de inblandade traktorförarna var 44 Ă„r (SD 18,8), de flesta var i Ă„ldern 25 till 55 Ă„r. Men de flesta av de traktorförare som dödades eller skadades tillhörde de yngre och Ă€ldre Ă„ldersgrupperna. Detta gĂ€llde Ă€ven för förarna i de andra inblandade fordonen. Det var personbilar som oftast var inblandade i traktorkollisionerna (62%). I dessa olyckor var de Ă€ldre traktorförarna oftare inblandade (66-68%). Cirka 12% var singelolyckor med traktorer dĂ€r förarna i Ă„ldersgruppen 12-16 Ă„r var överrepresenterade (26%), De flesta olyckorna dĂ€r traktorer varit inblandade intrĂ€ffade: ‱ vid avsvĂ€ng frĂ„n vĂ€g (30%), sĂ€rskilt för de Ă€ldre förarna (35%). De unga traktorförarna var oftare inblandade i singel- och mötesolyckor Ă€n genomsnittet. ‱ under dagtid mellan kl 15-17 och kl 11-13. ‱ under september (14%), augusti (12%), juni (10%) och oktober (10%) ‱ ganska jĂ€mt fördelat pĂ„ arbetsdagar (14-17%) med en minskning pĂ„ lördagar (13%) och söndagar (9%). ‱ i dagsljus (76%), i synnerhet för de Ă€ldsta traktorförare (88%) ‱ i uppehĂ„llsvĂ€der (86%). ‱ i 66% av fallen pĂ„ torra vĂ€gar, 21% vĂ„ta eller fuktiga, och i 11% var vĂ€garna isiga eller snöiga. ‱ pĂ„ vĂ€gar med hastighetsbegrĂ€nsning 70 km/t (39%) och 90 km/t (38%). PĂ„ 90-vĂ€garna Ă€r det sĂ€rskilt de Ă€ldsta traktorförarna som Ă€r inblandade i olyckorna. ‱ utanför stadsomrĂ„det (79%). ‱ i SkĂ„ne (20%) och i VĂ€stra Götalands lĂ€n (17%). I SkĂ„ne intrĂ€ffar det flest traktorolyckor i Kristianstads kommun (12%). Det Ă€r viktigt att pĂ„peka att statistiken för traktorolyckorna baseras pĂ„ hĂ€ndelser som resulterat i en polisanmĂ€lan. Det Ă€r vĂ€l kĂ€nt att mĂ„nga trafikskador inte kommer till polisens kĂ€nnedom. DĂ€rför torde olycksstatistiken i denna studie vara Ă€nnu högre i verkligheten. I föreliggande studie var de vanligaste trafiksituationerna dĂ„ olyckorna intrĂ€ffade: att svĂ€nga av frĂ„n vĂ€g, speciellt vĂ€nstersvĂ€ngar, följt av olyckor i korsnings samt pĂ„körningar bakifrĂ„n. VĂ€nstersvĂ€ngsolyckorna uppkommer nĂ€r traktorföraren försöker svĂ€nga av Ă„t vĂ€nster medan en bilist passerar. Kollisioner bakifrĂ„n uppstĂ„r pĂ„ grund av att bilisten inte ser traktorn i tid. Enligt en svensk studie av körskolelĂ€rares Ă„sikter om varför trafikolyckorna intrĂ€ffar var orsakerna: bristen pĂ„ traktorernas synlighet och skillnaden i hastighet mellan de inblandade fordonen. Traktorer förflyttar sig frĂ€mst i lĂ„ga hastigheter, mindre Ă€n 30 km/t, medan bilisterna ofta kör i hastigheter i 90 km/t. Denna skillnad i hastighet Ă€r den vanligaste bidragande faktorn för kollisioner dĂ€r bilisten inte hinner sĂ€nka hastigheten i tid. De Ă€ldre var sĂ€rskilt inblandade i incidenter under augusti till oktober. En möjlig förklaring till dessa hĂ€ndelser Ă€r den ökade stress och trötthet som orsakas av lĂ„nga arbetstider under skördemĂ„naderna i kombination med att den Ă€ldre generationen i allmĂ€nhet har minskad motstĂ„ndskraft mot stress och trötthet. Traktorolyckor med förare i de yngre Ă„ldersgrupperna ökade under skollov. De flesta trafikolyckor med lantbruksfordon intrĂ€ffade sen eftermiddag nĂ€r pendeltrafikanter Ă€r pĂ„ vĂ€g hem frĂ„n jobbet och lantbrukarna sannolikt Ă„tervĂ€nder frĂ„n sina fĂ€ltarbeten. Vid ett trafiksĂ€kerhetsseminarium som anordnades tillsammans med Sveriges Trafikskolors Riksförbund (STR) diskuterades projektets resultat och möjliga insatser för att öka trafiksĂ€kerheten vid traktorkörning pĂ„ allmĂ€n vĂ€g samt fortsatt forskning. Det ansĂ„gs angelĂ€get att bl.a. förbĂ€ttra utbildningen av bĂ„de traktorförare och medtrafikanter, bĂ€ttre vĂ€gar och översyn av existerande ”trafikhinder” dĂ€r lantbrukstransporter Ă€r vanliga samt öka synligheten av traktorerna avseende fungerande belysning, bra reflexer, etc. Fortsatt forskning efterlystes gĂ€llande förares attityder till sĂ€kerhet och beteenden, studier av samband mellan alkohol och traktorolycksfall, samband mellan olycksfall och antal traktorer samt kontinuerlig uppföljning av statistik om olyckor med traktorer i trafiken

    ÅtgĂ€rder för att minska risken för arbetskador bland Ă€ldre lantbrukare

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    PÄ grund av den förÀndrade demografin blir det allt fler Àldre inom arbetskraften i vÀstvÀlden. Detta inte minst inom lantbruket dÀr antalet Àldre som arbetar kvar till en hög Älder Àr betydande. De generella fysiologiska förÀndringarna med ökande Älder, som exempelvis sÀmre syn, hörsel och reaktionsförmÄga, Àr riskfaktorer för att drabbas av arbetsskador. Lantbruket Àr samtidigt en av Sveriges farligaste arbetsplatser. Med anledning av detta Àr det viktigt att Äldersanpassa arbetslivet utifrÄn dessa ÄldersförÀndringar. Det övergripande syftet med projektet var att studera genomförda ÄtgÀrder för att minska risken för arbetsskador bland Àldre inom lantbruket. Projektet bestod av tvÄ delar: i) Att göra en kunskapsöversikt av internationella interventioner för Àldre inom lantbrukets arbetsmiljö dÀr ÄtgÀrderna ska ha utvÀrderats. Kunskapsöversikten avser dÀrigenom att kunna visa pÄ vilka insatser som verkligen har visat sig minska risker för olyckor och ohÀlsa i lantbruksarbetet bland Àldre (55 Är och Àldre). ii) Att intervjua Àldre lantbrukare om vilka ÄtgÀrder de hade vidtagit i sitt dagliga arbete vid ökande Älder för att minska risken för arbetsskador. Den systematiska litteraturgenomgÄngen av internationella studier visade pÄ bristen av utvÀrderade ÄtgÀrder och interventioner angÄende att minska risken för arbetsskador bland Àldre pÄ lantbruk. Trots Ätskilliga sökningar Äterfanns enbart tre utvÀrderade interventioner varav enbart tvÄ hade utvÀrderat effekten av ÄtgÀrden och en hade utvÀrderat antalet deltagare i interventionen. Resultatet frÄn intervjustudien med de Àldre lantbrukarna visade pÄ att de ÄtgÀrder som de hade vidtagit för att klara av sitt dagliga arbetsliv var: 1) Anpassa arbetet till sitt funktionella Äldrande genom att lÀgga om produktionsinriktningen, köpa in tjÀnster eller lÄta nÄgon annan göra alltför fysiskt tungt och stressande arbete; 2) Lyssna pÄ sin kropp och ta pauser, vila och ÄterhÀmta sig sÄ man inte blev för sliten och för att minska risken för olyckor och skador; 3) Kontinuerligt underhÄll av maskiner, byggnader och utemiljöer; 4) AnvÀnda ny teknik för att minska arbetsbelastningen och göra arbetet sÀkrare; 5) Fysisk trÀning för att stÀrka alla kroppens muskler och bevara/förbÀttra styrka och uthÄlligheten. 6) Personlig skyddsutrustning och funktionella arbetsskor och arbetsklÀder

    LÀsning och skolbibliotek - om elevers lÀsvanor och skolbibliotekets roll

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    In my paper, I wanted to highlight the school libraries and its importance. Has conducted an empirical study of students grades 6-9 Bokelund School, Sölvesborg to examine how students use the school library and how much they are using and staying in the school library. Also examined how students see the school library. Also examined their reading habits and the school library aroused their interest in reading. I have used various literature, books, magazines, past papers and articles. The purpose of my work has been to get answers to students' recreational reading, how they use the school library, their choice of literature and if there is any difference between the sexes. What I also wanted to answer was: How can we as school librarians get students to read more books
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