Protein palmitoylation plays an important role in Trichomonas vaginalis adherence

The flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. As an obligate extracellular pathogen, adherence to epithelial cells is critical for parasite survival within the human host and a better understanding of this process is a prerequisite for the development of therapies to combat infection. In this sense, recent work has shown S-acylation as a key modification that regulates pathogenesis in different protozoan parasites. However, there are no reports indicating whether this post-translational modification is a mechanism operating in T. vaginalis. In order to study the extent and function of S-acylation in T. vaginalis biology, we undertook a proteomic study to profile the full scope of S-acylated proteins in this parasite and reported the identification of 363 proteins involved in a variety of biological processes such as protein transport, pathogenesis related and signaling, among others. Importantly, treatment of parasites with the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate causes a significant decrease in parasite: Parasite aggregation as well as adherence to host cells suggesting that palmitoylation could be modifying proteins that are key regulators of Trichomonas vaginalis pathogenesis.Fil: Nievas, Yésica Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Vashisht, Ajay A.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Corvi, Maria Martha. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Metz, Sebastián Darío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Patricia J. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Wohlschlegel, James A.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: de Miguel, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Efficiency and endogenous fertility

This paper explores the properties of the notions of A-efficiency and P-efficiency, proposed by Golosov, Jones and Tertilt (Econometrica, 2007), to evaluate allocations in a general overlapping generations setting in which fertility choices are endogenously selected from a continuum and any two agents of the same generation are identical. First, we show that the properties of A-efficient allocations vary depending on the criterion used to identify potential agents. If one identifies potential agents by their position in their siblings' birth order --as Golosov, Jones and Tertilt do--, then A-efficiency requires that a positive measure of agents use most of their endowment to maximize the utility of the dynasty head, which, in environments with finite horizon altruism, implies that some agents --the youngest in every family-- obtain an arbitrary low income to finance their own consumption and fertility plans. If potential agents are identified by the dates in which they may be born, then A-efficiency reduces to dynastic maximization, which, in environments with finite horizon altruism, drives the economy to a collapse in finite time. To deal with situations, like those arising in economies with finite horizon altruism, in which A-efficiency may be in conflict with individual rights, we propose to evaluate the efficiency of a given allocation with a particular class of specifications of P-efficiency, for which the utility attributed to the unborn depends on the utility obtained by their living siblings. Under certain concavity assumptions on value functions, we also characterize every symmetric, P-efficient allocation as a Millian efficient allocation, that is, as a symmetric allocation that is not A-dominated --with the Birth-Order criterion-- by any other symmetric allocationFinancial support from the Spanish Minister of Economics and Competitivity project ECO2013-48884-C3-1-P is acknowledged by the first and the third authors, and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology projects ECO2011-30323-C03-01 and ECO2014-59491-P by the second authorS

Data processing activities at the MAGIC site

open11siMAGIC is a system of two imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes located on the Canary Is- land of La Palma. The fast processing of the data at the observation site plays an essential part in the operation of the telescopes and has continuously improved since the beginning of the exper- iment. The on-site computing can be divided into three major contributions: the MAGIC online analysis (MOLA), providing preliminary real time analysis results; the on-site analysis (OSA), providing final data products at the end of each observation night; and the Data Check (DC), a daily check on the performance of the telescope’s subsystems and the quality control of the data observed during the previous night. We present the status of the system, including the latest upgrades and details on its performance.openFidalgo, David; Nievas-Rosillo, Miguel; Babic, Ana; Contreras, Jose-Luis; Doro, Michele; Godinovic, Nikola; Hrupec, Dario; Lorca, Alejandro; Moralejo, Abelardo; Satalecka, Konstancja; Will, MartinFidalgo, David; Nievas Rosillo, Miguel; Babic, Ana; Contreras, Jose Luis; Doro, Michele; Godinovic, Nikola; Hrupec, Dario; Lorca, Alejandro; Moralejo, Abelardo; Satalecka, Konstancja; Will, Marti

Extracellular vesicles released by anaerobic protozoan parasites: Current situation

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism for transferring information between cells and organisms across all three kingdoms of life. Parasitic unicellular eukaryotes use EVs as vehicles for intercellular communication and host manipulation. Pathogenic protozoans are able to modulate the immune system of the host and establish infection by transferring a wide range of molecules contained in different types of EVs. In addition to effects on the host, EVs are able to transfer virulence factors, drug-resistance genes and differentiation factors between parasites. In this review we cover the current knowledge on EVs from anaerobic or microaerophilic extracellular protozoan parasites, including Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus, Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica, with a focus on their potential role in the process of infection. The role of EVs in host: parasite communication adds a new level of complexity to our understanding of parasite biology, and may be a key to understand the complexity behind their mechanism of pathogenesis.Fil: Nievas, Yésica Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Lizarraga, Ayelen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Salas, Nehuen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Cóceres, Verónica Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: de Miguel, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentin

Zernike analysis of all-sky night brightness maps

All-sky night brightness maps (calibrated images of the night sky with hemispherical field-of-view (FOV) taken at standard photometric bands) provide useful data to assess the light pollution levels at any ground site. We show that these maps can be efficiently described and analyzed using Zernike circle polynomials. The relevant image information can be compressed into a low-dimensional coefficients vector, giving an analytical expression for the sky brightness and alleviating the effects of noise. Moreover, the Zernike expansions allow us to quantify in a straightforward way the average and zenithal sky brightness and its variation across the FOV, providing a convenient framework to study the time course of these magnitudes. We apply this framework to analyze the results of a one-year campaign of night sky brightness measurements made at the UCM observatory in Madrid

Therapeutic Management Of Accidents With Sodium Hypochlorite

Introducción: El irrigante más utilizado en la terapia endodóntica, es el NaOCL en concentraciones que van desde el 0.5% al 5.25% considerándolo como el "irrigante ideal" En altas concentraciones, es potencial mente tóxico para los tejidos blandos y periápicoradiculares. La causa más común en los accidentes relacionados con el NaOCL, es la extrusión de la solución a los tejidos del periápice. produciendo sintomatología inmediata. Los signos y síntomas relatados en la literatura, van desde la quemadura química por contacto directo o por vapores, que pueden generar ulceraciones en la córnea del ojo, hasta una reacción anafiláctica. En esta presentación revisaremos un caso hallado en la literatura científica, para demostración de un accidente con NaOCL y su resolución.Introduction: The most widely used irrigant ¡n endodontic therapy is NaOCL in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5.25%, considering it the "ideal irrigant" In high concentrations, it is potentially toxic to soft and periapicoradicular tissues. The most common cause in accidents related to NaOCL is the extrusion of the solution to the periapic tissues, producing immediate symptoms. The signs and symptoms reported in the literature range from chemical burns by direct contact or by vapors, which can generate ulcerations in the cornea of the eye. to an anaphylactic reaction In this presentation we will review a case found in the scientific literature, to demonstrate an accident with NaOCL and its resolution.Facultad de Odontologí

MAGIC observations of the February 2014 flare of 1ES 1011+496 and ensuing constraint of the EBL density

Context. In February-March 2014, the MAGIC telescopes observed the high-frequency peaked BL Lac 1ES 1011+496 (z=0.212) in flaring state at very-high energy (VHE, E>100GeV). The flux reached a level more than 10 times higher than any previously recorded flaring state of the source. Aims. Description of the characteristics of the flare presenting the light curve and the spectral parameters of the night-wise spectra and the average spectrum of the whole period. From these data we aim at detecting the imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) in the VHE spectrum of the source, in order to constrain its intensity in the optical band. Methods. We analyzed the gamma-ray data from the MAGIC telescopes using the standard MAGIC software for the production of the light curve and the spectra. For the constraining of the EBL we implement the method developed by the H.E.S.S. collaboration in which the intrinsic energy spectrum of the source is modeled with a simple function (< 4 parameters), and the EBL-induced optical depth is calculated using a template EBL model. The likelihood of the observed spectrum is then maximized, including a normalization factor for the EBL opacity among the free parameters. Results. The collected data allowed us to describe the flux changes night by night and also to produce di_erential energy spectra for all nights of the observed period. The estimated intrinsic spectra of all the nights could be fitted by power-law functions. Evaluating the changes in the fit parameters we conclude that the spectral shape for most of the nights were compatible, regardless of the flux level, which enabled us to produce an average spectrum from which the EBL imprint could be constrained. The likelihood ratio test shows that the model with an EBL density 1:07 (-0.20,+0.24)stat+sys, relative to the one in the tested EBL template (Domínguez et al. 2011), is preferred at the 4:6 σ level to the no-EBL hypothesis, with the assumption that the intrinsic source spectrum can be modeled as a log-parabola. This would translate into a constraint of the EBL density in the wavelength range [0.24 μm,4.25 μm], with a peak value at 1.4 μm of λF_ = 12:27^(+2:75)_ (-2:29) nW m^(-2) sr^(-1), including systematics

Los determinantes de la Función de Consumo: Teoría económica y demostración empírica

En el siguiente documento de trabajo, se va a prestar atención a las diferentes teorías sobre la función de consumo, desarrolladas durante el siglo XX, como las teorías de la renta disponible de Keynes, la renta permanente de Friedman y el ciclo vital de Modigliani. Una vez desarrolladas éstas, se creará una relación genérica para el consumo que permitirá estudiar y contrastar para una muestra dada, diferentes modelos anidados a la forma general. Una vez seleccionadas las regresiones que mejor se ajusten a la evolución del consumo y se determinen los componentes que influyen sobre los planes de consumo de los agentes, se procederá a la explotación del modelo a través de la predicción