4,495 research outputs found
Magnonic band structure of domain wall magnonic crystals
Magnonic crystals are prototype magnetic metamaterials designed for the
control of spin wave propagation. Conventional magnonic crystals are composed
of single domain elements. If magnetization textures, such as domain walls,
vortices and skyrmions, are included in the building blocks of magnonic
crystals, additional degrees of freedom over the control of the magnonic band
structure can be achieved. We theoretically investigate the influence of domain
walls on the spin wave propagation and the corresponding magnonic band
structure. It is found that the rotation of magnetization inside a domain wall
introduces a geometric vector potential for the spin wave excitation. The
corresponding Berry phase has quantized value , where is the
winding number of the domain wall. Due to the topological vector potential, the
magnonic band structure of magnonic crystals with domain walls as comprising
elements differs significantly from an identical magnonic crystal composed of
only magnetic domains. This difference can be utilized to realize dynamic
reconfiguration of magnonic band structure by a sole nucleation or annihilation
of domain walls in magnonic crystals.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Extracellular Matrix Enhances Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
Stem cell therapy is a promising option for regenerative of injured or diseased tissues. However, the extremely low survival and engraftment of transplanted cells and the obviously inadequate recruitment and activation of the endogenous resident stem cells are the major challenges for stem cell therapy. Fortunately, recent progresses show that extracellular matrix (ECM) could not only act as a spatial and mechanical scaffold to enhance cell viability but also provide a supportive niche for engraftment or accelerating stem cell differentiation. These findings provide a new approach for increasing the efficiency of stem cell therapy and may lead to substantial changes in cell administration. In order to take a giant stride forward in stem cell therapy, we need to know much more about how the ECM affects cell behaviours. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the influence of ECM on regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Moreover, the enhancement of supportive microenvironment function of natural or synthetic ECMs in stem cell therapy is discussed
Variability in the impacts of partisan conflict: a new perspective from bank credit
The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of partisan conflict
on bank credit, and take the global financial crisis as the time
node to analyse the variability of this impact before and after the
financial crisis. This article examines the impacts of partisan conflict
on the bank credit by employing the US data covering the past
40 years and captures the variability in the effects of partisan conflict
based on the rolling sample and time-varying parameter VAR
analysis. The full sample results reveal that one standard deviation
partisan conflict shock will shrink the bank credit growth rate to
nonfinancial sectors, and the negative effects of partisan conflict on
bank credit are more substantial after the global financial crisis. The
rolling sample and time-varying parameter VAR analysis further confirm
that the impacts of partisan conflict shock have varied substantially
over time, where bank credit still negatively reacts to the
impacts of partisan conflict in recent periods. Additionally, we estimate
two extended models and support the intermediate role of
economic policy uncertainty in transmitting the partisan conflict
and the substitution effect of cross-border bank lending on domestic
bank credit. Finally, our major results are unchanged by performing
a series of robustness checks. The conclusion of this article is
that partisan conflict has a significant impact on bank credit and
shows obvious variability, which is more significant after the global
financial crisis
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