720 research outputs found
Accident Analysis and Prevention: Course Notes 1987/88
This report consists of the notes from a series of lectures given by the authors for a course entitled Accident Analysis and Prevention. The course took place during the second term of a one year Masters degree course in Transport Planning and Engineering run by the Institute for Transport Studies and the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Leeds. The course consisted of 18 lectures of which 16 are reported on in this document (the remaining two, on Human Factors, are not reported on in this document as no notes were provided). Each lecture represents one chapter of this document, except in two instances where two lectures are covered in one chapter (Chapters 10 and 14). The course first took place in 1988, and at the date of publication has been run for a second time. This report contains the notes for the initial version of the course. A number of changes were made in the content and emphasis of the course during its second run, mainly due to a change of personnel, with different ideas and experiences in the field of accident analysis and prevention. It is likely that each time the course is run, there will be significant changes, but that the notes provided in this document can be considered to contain a number of the core elements of any future version of the course
A Locus for Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy with Cough and Gastroesophageal Reflux on Chromosome 3p22-p24
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN I) is a group of dominantly inherited degenerative disorders of peripheral nerve in which sensory features are more prominent than motor involvement. We have described a new form of HSN I that is associated with cough and gastroesophageal reflux. To map the chromosomal location of the gene causing the disorder, a 10-cM genome screen was undertaken in a large Australian family. Two-point analysis showed linkage to chromosome 3p22-p24 (Zmax=3.51 at recombination fraction (θ) 0.0 for marker D3S2338). A second family with a similar phenotype shares a different disease haplotype but segregates at the same locus. Extended haplotype analysis has refined the region to a 3.42-cM interval, flanked by markers D3S2336 and D3S1266
Monte Carlo simulation of metal deposition on foreign substrates
The deposition of a metal on a foreign substrate is studied by means of grand
canonical Monte Carlo simulations and a lattice-gas model with pair potential
interactions between nearest neighbors. The influence of temperature and
surface defects on adsorption isotherms and differential heat of adsorption is
considered. The general trends can be explained in terms of the relative
interactions between adsorbate atoms and substrate atoms. The systems
Ag/Au(100), Ag/Pt(100), Au/Ag(100) and Pt/Ag(100) are analyzed as examples.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure
The dietary impact of the Norman Conquest: A multiproxy archaeological investigation of Oxford, UK
Archaeology has yet to capitalise on the opportunities offered by bioarchaeological approaches to examine the impact of the 11th-century AD Norman Conquest of England. This study utilises an integrated multiproxy analytical approach to identify and explain changes and continuities in diet and foodways between the 10th and 13th centuries in the city of Oxford, UK. The integration of organic residue analysis of ceramics, carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of human and animal bones, incremental analysis of δ13C and δ15N from human tooth dentine and palaeopathological analysis of human skeletal remains has revealed a broad pattern of increasing intensification and marketisation across various areas of economic practice, with a much lesser and more short-term impact of the Conquest on everyday lifestyles than is suggested by documentary sources. Nonetheless, isotope data indicate short-term periods of instability, particularly food insecurity, did impact individuals. Evidence of preferences for certain foodstuffs and cooking techniques documented among the elite classes were also observed among lower-status townspeople, suggesting that Anglo-Norman fashions could be adopted across the social spectrum. This study demonstrates the potential for future archaeological research to generate more nuanced understanding of the cultural impact of the Norman Conquest of England, while showcasing a method which can be used to elucidate the undocumented, everyday implications of other large-scale political events on non-elites
An Experimental Performance Comparison of 3G and Wi-Fi
Abstract. Mobile Internet users have two options for connectivity: pay premium fees to utilize 3G or wander around looking for open Wi-Fi access points. We perform an experimental evaluation of the amount of data that can be pushed to and pulled from the Internet on 3G and open Wi-Fi access points while on the move. This side-by-side compar-ison is carried out at both driving and walking speeds in an urban area using standard devices. We show that significant amounts of data can be transferred opportunistically without the need of always being connected to the network. We also show that Wi-Fi mostly suffers from not being able to exploit short contacts with access points but performs compa-rably well against 3G when downloading and even significantly better while uploading data.
Possible background reductions in double beta decay experiments
The background induced by radioactive impurities of and
in the source of the double beta experiment NEMO-3 has been
investigated. New methods of data analysis which decrease the background from
the above mentioned contamination are identified. The techniques can also be
applied to other double beta decay experiments capable of measuring
independently the energies of the two electrons.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted in the Nuclear Instruments and Methods
Panspermia, Past and Present: Astrophysical and Biophysical Conditions for the Dissemination of Life in Space
Astronomically, there are viable mechanisms for distributing organic material
throughout the Milky Way. Biologically, the destructive effects of ultraviolet
light and cosmic rays means that the majority of organisms arrive broken and
dead on a new world. The likelihood of conventional forms of panspermia must
therefore be considered low. However, the information content of dam-aged
biological molecules might serve to seed new life (necropanspermia).Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Review
The position of graptolites within Lower Palaeozoic planktic ecosystems.
An integrated approach has been used to assess the palaeoecology of graptolites both as a discrete group and also as a part of the biota present within Ordovician and Silurian planktic realms. Study of the functional morphology of graptolites and comparisons with recent ecological analogues demonstrates that graptolites most probably filled a variety of niches as primary consumers, with modes of life related to the colony morphotype. Graptolite coloniality was extremely ordered, lacking any close morphological analogues in Recent faunas. To obtain maximum functional efficiency, graptolites would have needed varying degrees of coordinated automobility. A change in lifestyle related to ontogenetic changes was prevalent within many graptolite groups. Differing lifestyle was reflected by differing reproductive strategies, with synrhabdosomes most likely being a method for rapid asexual reproduction. Direct evidence in the form of graptolithophage 'coprolitic' bodies, as well as indirect evidence in the form of probable defensive adaptations, indicate that graptolites comprised a food item for a variety of predators. Graptolites were also hosts to a variety of parasitic organisms and provided an important nutrient source for scavenging organisms
Origin and Evolution of Saturn's Ring System
The origin and long-term evolution of Saturn's rings is still an unsolved
problem in modern planetary science. In this chapter we review the current
state of our knowledge on this long-standing question for the main rings (A,
Cassini Division, B, C), the F Ring, and the diffuse rings (E and G). During
the Voyager era, models of evolutionary processes affecting the rings on long
time scales (erosion, viscous spreading, accretion, ballistic transport, etc.)
had suggested that Saturn's rings are not older than 100 My. In addition,
Saturn's large system of diffuse rings has been thought to be the result of
material loss from one or more of Saturn's satellites. In the Cassini era, high
spatial and spectral resolution data have allowed progress to be made on some
of these questions. Discoveries such as the ''propellers'' in the A ring, the
shape of ring-embedded moonlets, the clumps in the F Ring, and Enceladus' plume
provide new constraints on evolutionary processes in Saturn's rings. At the
same time, advances in numerical simulations over the last 20 years have opened
the way to realistic models of the rings's fine scale structure, and progress
in our understanding of the formation of the Solar System provides a
better-defined historical context in which to understand ring formation. All
these elements have important implications for the origin and long-term
evolution of Saturn's rings. They strengthen the idea that Saturn's rings are
very dynamical and rapidly evolving, while new arguments suggest that the rings
could be older than previously believed, provided that they are regularly
renewed. Key evolutionary processes, timescales and possible scenarios for the
rings's origin are reviewed in the light of tComment: Chapter 17 of the book ''Saturn After Cassini-Huygens'' Saturn from
Cassini-Huygens, Dougherty, M.K.; Esposito, L.W.; Krimigis, S.M. (Ed.) (2009)
537-57
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