Correction to:Easy as (Happiness) Pie? A Critical Evaluation of a Popular Model of the Determinants of Well-Being (Journal of Happiness Studies, (2020), 21, 4, (1285-1301), 10.1007/s10902-019-00128-4)

In the original publication, the text (line 10) under the heading “3 Re‑examining the Numerical Estimates of the Effect of Genes and Circumstances” with sub heading “3.1 How Much Variance in Chronic Happiness Levels can be Explained by Genetic Factors?” has been published incorrectly

Easy as (Happiness) Pie? A Critical Evaluation of a Popular Model of the Determinants of Well-Being

An underlying principle behind much of the research in positive psychology is that individuals have considerable leeway to increase their levels of happiness. In an influential article that is frequently cited in support of such claims, Lyubomirsky et al. (Rev Gen Psychol 9:111–131, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111) put forward a model (subsequently popularized under the name of the “happiness pie”) in which approximately 50% of individual differences in happiness are due to genetic factors and 10% to life circumstances, leaving 40% available to be changed via volitional activities. We re-examined Lyubomirsky et al.’s claims and found several apparent deficiencies in their chain of arguments on both the empirical and the conceptual level. We conclude that there is little empirical evidence for the variance decomposition suggested by the “happiness pie,” and that even if it were valid, it is not necessarily informative with respect to the question of whether individuals can truly exert substantial influence over their own chronic happiness level. We believe that our critical re-examination of Lyubomirsky et al.’s seminal article offers insights into some common misconceptions and pitfalls of scientific inference, and we hope that it might contribute to the construction of a more rigorous and solid empirical basis for the field of positive psychology

A Role for YouTube in Telerehabilitation

YouTube is a free video sharing website that allows users to post and view videos. Although there are definite limitations in the applicability of this website to telerehabilitation, there are possible uses that should not be overlooked. Certain types of therapy, such as errorless learning therapy for certain language and cognitive deficits can be provided remotely via YouTube. In addition, negative emotional reactions to deficits are known to delay or halt recovery. The social networking capability YouTube provides enables individuals with health problems that may be unable to leave their houses an opportunity to gain valuable emotional support by meeting and communicating with others with similar problems. This article address the benefits and limitations of YouTube in the context of telerehabilitation and reports patient feedback on errorless learning therapy for aphasia delivered via videos posted on YouTube.

Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): updated guidelines from the UK

These evidence-based guidelines are an updated version of those issued in 2008. They have beenproduced following a review of the published literature (2007-18) pertaining to the treatment of infections caused by MRSA. The guidelines update, where appropriate, previous recommendations, takinginto account changes in the UK epidemiology of MRSA, ongoing national surveillance data and the efficacy of novel anti-staphylococcal agents licensed for use in the UK. Emerging therapies that have not been licensed for use in the UK at the time of the review have also been assessed

Characterisation of emissions and combustion stability of a port fuelled spark ignition engine

The chemical and physical limits of cycle-to-cycle combustion variability and engine out emissions of a gasoline port fuelled spark ignition engine have been investigated. The experimental investigations were carried out on a V8 engine with port fuel injection and variable intake valve timing. The chemical limits of stable combustion have been shown to be a function of burned gas, fuel and air mixture. The widest limit, gas fuel ratio of 9 was found at maximum brake torque spark timing. Retarding the spark timing by 10oCA caused a small reduction in the stable area, 20oCA retard reduced the stable combustion area significantly, whereby stable combustion occurred within an area of gas fuel ratio of 10. Burn rate analysis indicated increased variability in both the flame development and rapid burn period. The increase in variability in the rapid burn period is greater than that associated with the flame development. The variability is magnified from flame development through the rapid burn phase. This finding was consistent for unstable combustion caused by exceeding chemical and physical limits. Engine out emissions were investigated and characterised using engine global state parameters, for example AFR, burned gas fraction, for both stable and unstable combustion conditions. Carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions correlations were unaffected by the presence of unstable combustion events whereas hydrocarbon emissions showed a significant increase. The incorporation of these findings were implemented into an engine simulation (Nu-SIM V8) investigating the impact for the New European Drive Cycle condition

Secular change in TTG compositions: Implications for the evolution of Archaean geodynamics

It is estimated that around three quarters of Earth's first generation continental crust had been produced by the end of the Archaean Eon, 2.5 billion years ago. This ancient continental crust is mostly composed of variably deformed and metamorphosed magmatic rocks of the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suite that formed by partial melting of hydrated mafic rocks. However, the geodynamic regime under which TTG magmas formed is a matter of ongoing debate. Using a filtered global geochemical dataset of 563 samples with ages ranging from the Eoarchaean to Neoarchaean (4.0–2.5 Ga), we interrogate the bulk rock major oxide and trace element composition of TTGs to assess evidence for secular change. Despite a high degree of scatter in the data, the concentrations or ratios of several key major oxides and trace elements show statistically significant trends that indicate maxima, minima and/or transitions in the interval 3.3–3.0 Ga. Importantly, a change point analysis of K2O/Na2O, Sr/Y and LaN/YbN demonstrates a statistically significant (>99% confidence) change during this 300 Ma period. These shifts may be linked to a fundamental change in geodynamic regime around the peak in upper mantle temperatures from one dominated by non-uniformitarian, deformable stagnant lid processes to another dominated by the emergence of global mobile lid or plate tectonic processes by the end of the Archaean. A notable change is also evident at 2.8–2.7 Ga that coincides with a major jump in the rate of survival of metamorphic rocks with contrasting thermal gradients, which may relate to the emergence of more potassic continental arc magmas and an increased preservation potential during collisional orogenesis. In many cases, the chemical composition of TTGs shows an increasing spread through the Archaean, reflecting the irreversible differentiation of the lithosphere