Changes of the sweet taste sensitivity due to aerobic physical exercise

Background: Sweet taste is a pleasant sensation. Sweet taste is mostly consumed and fancied by many people. Physiologically, glucose is body's source of energy, but if over used it can be affected to the body's metabolism. This can be worsen if the person's not doing a healthy lifestyle. One way to implement a healthy lifestyle is by doing physical exercises. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine changes in sensory sensitivity of sweet taste due to aerobic physical exercise. Methods: This study was conducted on subjects aged 20 to 30 years. The subjects did aerobic exercise using 80% load of MHR. The measurement sensitivity of the senses of the sweet taste was done for three times before the subject take aerobic physical exercise, four weeks after doing aerobic physical exercise, and eight weeks after doing aerobic physical exercise. Results: There was significant difference towards sensitivity of sweet taste sense before doing aerobic physical exercise, 4 week after doing the aerobic physical exercise, and 8 week after doing aerobic physical exercise. Conclusion: Aerobic physical exercise during eight weeks increase sweet taste sensitivity

Implementasi Knowledge Management System dan Knowledge Sharing Berbasis ChatBot – Penyakit Parvo pada Anjing

Canine Parvovirus is the leading cause of death for dogs, especially in puppies under six months of age. This disease is caused by the Parvovirus. Parvovirus comes from the Latin Parvus which means small. Symptoms of disease caused by CPV are characterized by vomiting and bloody diarrhea with a characteristic odor. Therefore, Parvo disease is often called Gastroenteritis in dogs. Puppies under the age of three months infected with this virus only survive 1-2 days before dying. Knowledge Management is an activity in managing Knowledge as an asset, wherein various strategies there is the distribution of the right Knowledge to the right people and quickly so that they can interact with each other, share knowledge and apply it in their daily work. with the help of a chatBot which can later help owners or veterinarians to find and provide information about diseases in animals, especially dogs, effectively and efficiently. by using the webhook method to communicate with users via social media Telegram. Webhook is a method that is installed on hosting, by using a webhook the chatBot application can communicate in real-time

Rapid and flexible scale-down media development and optimization for perfusion culture

Perfusion culture is steadily gaining interest due to advantages such as higher cell densities, increased flexibility, higher volumetric output, decreased product retention times, and more consistent product. Perfusion culture systems are drastically different than fed-batch cultures as they allow bioreactors to continuously run for prolonged periods of time by constantly feeding fresh media while removing spent media. This drastic process difference means that typical fed-batch medium is not optimal for perfusion culture. Instead, perfusion culture media is most optimal when it fits within culture process constraints such as vessel volume exchanges per day. Irvine Scientific has rapidly developed custom media for a specific perfusion culture process that resulted in a significant increase in viable cell density and antibody titer. The custom media was developed in the following steps: (1) identification of initial base media, (2) development and verification of a scale-down perfusion model, (3) optimization of media components, and (4) parsing down extraneous components while maintaining growth and titer. First, a media survey was conducted in batch cultures to determine an initial basal media composition to further refine. From a panel of over 20 different media, top candidate media were selected based on improved viable cell density, viability, titer, and glycan profile over the control medium. Next, a scale-down perfusion model was developed and validated using the control medium. Mini bioreactor tubes were used as culture vessels and daily perfusion was conducted by centrifugation, aspiration, and replenishment with fresh medium. Antibody glycan profiles from the scale-down perfusion model matched profiles from large-scale bioreactor perfusion cultures, thus validating the use of this scale-down model. Although this system is not controlled, the pH was monitored offline and stayed within range. The candidate media were evaluated in the scale-down perfusion model and the top prospects in terms of titer and viable cell density were chosen for further development by changing the composition of amino acids, metals, and other components. Lastly, amino acid concentrations were further optimized while parsing down extraneous components according to spent media analysis from the previous experiment. The top medium resulted in a significant increase in viable cell density and titer compared to the original control medium. This process created a custom medium for perfusion culture that significantly increased viable cell density and antibody titer while maintaining a desired glycan profile. The media development process in scale-down perfusion cultures was rapid and took about 10 weeks. Development in controlled, scale-down bioreactor systems may be more costly and take longer as procedures, protocols, and methods first need to be transferred and verified. This scale-down perfusion model, while manual, is an easy and flexible way to develop perfusion medium with efficient throughput. Currently, the medium is being verified in perfusion bioreactors and can be further improved. In the future, we will investigate increasing the productivity by concentrating the culture medium while decreasing the volume vessel exchanges

Low-cost cell-based production platform for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines

Influenza-related illnesses have caused an estimated over million cases of severe illness, and it has about hundred thousands of deaths worldwide annually. Traditionally these vaccines are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. However, in the case of a pandemic outbreak, this egg-based production system may not be quickly enough to meet the surging demand. The efficacy associated with egg-based vaccines are low in recently years. The raising concerns with egg-derived vaccines is resulting in the spurred exploration of alternatives. MDCK cells are becoming as an alternative host to embryonated eggs for influenza virus propagation. Although MDCK cells were considered to be a suitable host for the virus production, their inability to grow in suspension still limits the process of scale-up and their production capability. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Development of an animal-component free insect medium for the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS)

Insect cells derived from Spodoptera frugiperda have been widely used with the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) for the production of recombinant proteins and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) due to their ease of culture, scalability in high cell density suspension cultures, and high protein expression levels. Traditionally, insect cells are cultured in an undefined medium containing yeast hydrolysate and cod liver oil, however, there is an increasing push to use chemically defined, animal-component free medium to minimize any potential contaminants and decrease lot-to-lot variability while maintaining high cell growth and production. In this case study, an animal-component free insect medium was developed utilizing Rational Culture Media DesignTM and evaluated with Sf9 cells. Using a traditional formulation as a starting point, the final medium was developed by optimizing multiple nutrient groups in the basal medium, replacing the animal-derived components, and screening several yeast hydrolysate sources. By utilizing multifactor design of experiment software, various nutrient groups were screened including amino acids, vitamins, and metals. The metals group was identified to have the most impact on cell growth and productivity, and therefore concentrations of metal components were further optimized. In addition, the animal-derived components in the starting formulation, cod liver oil and cholesterol, were replaced with animal-component free fatty acids and synthetic cholesterol, respectively. The concentrations of these components were optimized to achieve better growth performance and production while also sustaining formulation stability and streamlining manufacturing processes. Finally, yeast hydrolysate is a well-known, undefined component that is crucial for insect cell growth and productivity. To minimize lot-to-lot variability, the yeast hydrolysate concentration was significantly lowered, and multiple yeast hydrolysate sources and lots were evaluated to determine the highest quality source. As a result, an animal-component free insect medium was developed that had improved growth performance and comparable productivity to a widely used commercially available animal-derived medium

VIRTUAL KEYBOARD WITH INTEGRATED SUGGESTION FEATURES

A computing device may present a virtual keyboard with integrated suggestion features that improve the speed and efficiency of correcting typographical errors (e.g., spelling and/or grammar errors) or text otherwise warranting correction. The virtual keyboard may be configured to present one or more suggestions for correcting typographical errors (also referred to herein as “typos”) identified by the computing device. The computing device may display a virtual keyboard graphical user interface (GUI) that includes one or more suggestions for correcting each typo in a suggestion strip GUI. The suggestion strip GUI may be a contiguous region in line with and/or directly above the virtual keyboard rather than within a graphical element that overlays a portion of the virtual keyboard GUI and visually obscures the virtual keyboard GUI. In some instances, the suggested correction or an explanation of the error may be included within the virtual keyboard GUI in place of the keyboard itself or a combination thereof (e.g., a suggested correction within the suggestion strip GUI and an explanation of the error in place of the virtual keyboard GUI)

Reduction-cleavable desferrioxamine B pulldown system enriches Ni( ii )-superoxide dismutase from a Streptomyces proteome

Two resins with the hydroxamic acid siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) immobilised as a free ligand or its Fe(iii) complex were prepared to screen the Streptomyces pilosus proteome for proteins involved in siderophore-mediated Fe(iii) uptake. The resin design included a disulfide bond to enable the release of bound proteins under mild reducing conditions. Proteomics analysis of the bound fractions did not identify proteins associated with siderophore-mediated Fe(iii) uptake, but identified nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD), which was enriched on the apo-DFOB-resin but not the Fe(iii)-DFOB-resin or the control resin. While DFOB is unable to sequester Fe(iii) from sites deeply buried in metalloproteins, the coordinatively unsaturated Ni(ii) ion in NiSOD is present in a surface-exposed loop region at the N-terminus, which might enable partial chelation. The results were consistent with the notion that the apo-DFOB-resin formed a ternary complex with NiSOD, which was not possible for either the coordinatively saturated Fe(iii)-DFOB-resin or the non-coordinating control resin systems. In support, ESI-TOF-MS measurements from a solution of a model Ni(ii)-SOD peptide and DFOB showed signals that correlated with a ternary Ni(ii)-SOD peptide–DFOB complex. Although any biological implications of a DFOB–NiSOD complex are unclear, the work shows that the metal coordination properties of siderophores might influence an array of metal-dependent biological processes beyond those established in iron uptake