L'accès aux médicaments et les droits de propriété intellectuelle (comparaison en droit français et droit vietnamien)

L’accès aux médicaments joue un double rôle dans l’équilibre des intérêts entre le monopole du droit de propriété intellectuelle et la protection de la santé publique. Le droit de la propriété intellectuelle comporte trois mécanismes de l’accès aux médicaments : la licence obligatoire, l’importation parallèle et le médicament générique, auxquels il faut ajouter le droit de concurrence qui octroie un moyen supplémentaire d’assurer l’accès aux médicaments. Cependant, ces solutions sont insuffisantes pour garantir un accès équitable aux médicaments car les pays en voie de développement comme le Vietnam rencontrent d’autres obstacles découlant des accords multilatéraux. L’accès aux médicaments devrait donc être réformé par le biais du droit de la propriété intellectuelle.Access to medication plays a dual role in the balance of interests between the monopoly created by intellectual property law and the protection of public health. Intellectual property law contributes three mechanisms to support access to medication: compulsory license, parallel importation and generic drugs. Furthermore, competition law grants another supplementary method to insure access to medication by insuring a fair competition. However, these mechanisms were not enough to guarantee equitable access to medication because developing countries have met other obstacles in multi laterals agreements. Access to medication has to be reformed in light of the bias presented by intellectual property law

Flächen zweiter Ordnung - Dächer müssen nicht eben sein

In dieser Arbeit geht es um die Quadriken in der Ebene und im Raum. Dabei werden die Transformation in die Normalform und die Klassifikation untersucht. Aus den geometrischen Eigenschaften werden einige Anwendungsbeispiele der Quadriken in der Technik und dem alltäglichen Leben vorgestellt

New Technology, Human Capital and Growth for European Transitional Economies.

We consider a transitional country with three sectors in economy: con- sumption goods, new technology, and education. Productivity of the con- sumption goods sector depends on new technology and skilled labor used for production of the new technology. Then there might be three stages of economic growth. In the first stage the country concentrates on produc- tion of consumption goods; in the second stage the country imports both physical capital and new technology capital; in the last stage the country imports new technology capital and invests in training and education of high skilled labor in the same time.Optimal growth model, New technology capital, Human Capital, Developing country.

New Technology, Human Capital and Growth in a Developing Country

In a developing country with three sectors: consumption goods, new tech- nology, and education, the productivity of the consumption goods depends on a new technology and skilled labor used to produce this new technology. There can be three stages of economic growth. In the …rst stage the country concentrates on the production of consumption goods; in the second the country must import both physical capital and new technology capital to produce consumption goods and new technology; in the third the country must import capital and invest in the training and education of high skilled labor.Optimal growth model; New technology capital;Human Capital; Developing country

Calculation of nonlinear vibrations of piecewise-linear systems using the shooting method

In this paper, an explicit formulation of the shooting scheme for computation of multiple periodic attractors of a harmonically excited oscillator which is asymmetric with both stiffness and viscous damping piecewise linearities is derived. The numerical simulation by the shooting method is compared with that by the incremental harmonic balance method (IHB method), which shows that the shooting method is in many respects distinctively advantageous over the incremental harmonic balance method