Recovery of Germanium from Copper Slag

Abstract: Pyrometallurgy is the most used technology in copper extraction for copper-rich ores by which most of the copper around the world has been produced based on the properties and type of copper ore or concentrates0and working conditions. Pyrometallurgy of nonferrous metals unescapably produces massive amounts of residues in the smelting of which smelter slags are included. These smelter slags, in particular, are dumped continuously in the landscape around the world while they contain valued metals. Due to the valued metals, they are imperative by-products to process as some metal contents such as germanium (Ge) being a trace element in nature has become rare in its available deposits. Therefore, a copper slag from a copper smelter that processed concentrates from different mines has been used0for the recovery of Ge and base metals using the pyrometallurgical approaches. The raw slag was well mixed and characterized using cone blender and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), 0X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and0Scanning Electron Microscopy0Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy0(SEM-EDS)...M.Tech. (Extraction Mettalurgy

Application of the EEMD and CEEMDAN algorithm for non- linear signal processing

Nonlinear signals are often encountered in many applications, such as biomedical signal processing, fault diagnosis, and image processing. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithms have been proposed for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary signals. In this paper, we compare the performance of EEMD and CEEMDAN algorithms based on the Root Mean Square (RMS) statistical indicator for nonlinear signal processing. We evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms using two synthetic signals and a real-world vibration signal from a gearbox. The results show that CEEMDAN provides a 50% improvement over EEMD in terms of RMS and the number of trials or computation time required. The study also shows that EEMD is prone to mode mixing and requires a large number of trials to achieve accurate results. On the other hand, CEEMDAN overcomes the mode mixing issue and provides more accurate results with fewer trials or computation time. Our findings suggest that CEEMDAN is a more efficient algorithm for nonlinear signal processing, particularly in real-world applications where computation time is a limiting factor

The Automated wheelchair

Automation refers to the use of technology to execute tasks through programmed instructions and automated control mechanisms to ensure accurate execution. This minimizes human involvement and encompasses various fields, including business process automation. A notable form of automation is assistive technology, which refers to any device or software that enhances individuals\u27 learning, communication, or overall functionality. This can range from advanced tools like computers to simpler aids like walking sticks. Assistive technology aims to promote inclusivity and participation, particularly among individuals with disabilities, the elderly, and those with non-communicable diseases. The Automated Airport Wheelchair is a culmination of prior projects developed over time. This wheelchair offers two modes of operation: automatic and manual. In the automatic mode, the wheelchair can either go to a desired location set in the wheelchair or follow a friend via an app

Application of the EEMD and CEEMDAN algorithm for non- linear signal processing

Nonlinear signals are often encountered in many applications, such as biomedical signal processing, fault diagnosis, and image processing. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) algorithms have been proposed for the analysis of nonlinear and non-stationary signals. In this paper, we compare the performance of EEMD and CEEMDAN algorithms based on the Root Mean Square (RMS) statistical indicator for nonlinear signal processing. We evaluate the effectiveness of these algorithms using two synthetic signals and a real-world vibration signal from a gearbox. The results show that CEEMDAN provides a 50% improvement over EEMD in terms of RMS and the number of trials or computation time required. The study also shows that EEMD is prone to mode mixing and requires a large number of trials to achieve accurate results. On the other hand, CEEMDAN overcomes the mode mixing issue and provides more accurate results with fewer trials or computation time. Our findings suggest that CEEMDAN is a more efficient algorithm for nonlinear signal processing, particularly in real-world applications where computation time is a limiting factor

Traditional/alternative medicines and the right to health : key elements for a convention on global health

Little has been done to investigate and promote the importance of non-conventional medicines (NCMs) in the realization of the right to health, yet all over the world people regularly resort to NCMs to secure healing or to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of a wide range of morbidities. This study aims to elucidate the theoretical framework of the role of NCMs in realizing the right to health, to identify the potential manifestations and causes of violations of the right to health in their practice, and to propose the practice of NCMs that could be included in a Framework Convention on Global Health. We use both the documentary analysis and the violation of rights approaches. Through a non-directive review of the literature, we have tried to clarify the concepts and uniqueness of NCMs. We have also tried to unveil the challenges facing NCMs in a context where conventional medicines assume extensive power. The human rights approach has enabled us to bring to light the potential challenges to the rights of the various stakeholders that NCMs create. We argue that NCMs can contribute to realizing the right to health through their availability, accessibility, acceptability, and relative quality. The Framework Convention on Global Health could contribute to the effective realization of this right by integrating basic principles to ensure the recognition, protection, promotion, and conservation of NCMs—at least of those NCMs that have shown evidence of efficacy—as well as catalyzing increased international cooperation in this area

Agronomic evaluation of rain fed rice varieties in Seke - Banza area, Democratic Republic of Congo

Six rain fed rice varieties from INERA (National Institute for Agronomic Study and Research) YANGAMBI center were cultivated at INERA GIMBI station. The objective was to get high yield rain fed rice varieties adapted to Seke-Banza area conditions in view to increase farmers’ production and to reduce import of rice in the country. This evaluation will also permit the diversification of rain fed rice varieties in investigation area. Randomized bloc design with four replications was used to evaluate the height of plant at the end of flowering (cm), number of days for plant flowering, number of maturity days, diseases resistance, number of panicles per square meter, weight of 1000 grains (g), grains yield (t/ha) and panicle length (cm). Compared to control (NERICA4), significant difference was detected between tested materials (P≥0.05). All varieties produced high values of evaluated parameters than control. Three varieties were more effective: NERICA11 (4.942 t/ha), LIENGE (4.514 t/ha) and WAB 897-B-B-B-B-2 (4.183 t/ha). Evaluated materials were found to be resistant to diseases but susceptible to attacks of borer insects. Weight of 1000 grains was correlated to the plants height, the panicles length and the grains yield. Number of panicles/m² was correlated to grains yield and to panicles length. A positive correlation was observed between grains yield and panicles length. Number of days for plants flowering was correlated to number of maturity days. Tested materials can be cultivated in Seke-Banza area conditions in order to improve farms rain fed rice production, increase their income and contribute to reduce rice import in the country.Keywords: Rain fed rice variety, high yield, climate condition

RESISTANCE DU PEUPLE SONGYE CONTRE LA GUERRE DES REBELLIONS, DE 1998 A 2003

La République Démocratique du Congo, surtout sa partie Est, est devenue depuis plusieurs années un champ des guerres créées par les seigneurs de guerre, semant terreur, pillage des ressources naturelles, bétail  et des pertes en vies humaines. Pendant la période précitée, l’ancien District de Kabinda a été touché par les violences de guerre, en subissant le même sort infligé aux habitants de l’Est, avec une partie gérée par les rebelles et une autre entre les mains du Gouvernement Congolais.La République Démocratique du Congo, surtout sa partie Est, est devenue depuis plusieurs années un champ des guerres créées par les seigneurs de guerre, semant terreur, pillage des ressources naturelles, bétail  et des pertes en vies humaines. Pendant la période précitée, l’ancien District de Kabinda a été touché par les violences de guerre, en subissant le même sort infligé aux habitants de l’Est, avec une partie gérée par les rebelles et une autre entre les mains du Gouvernement Congolais

Mise au point d’une farine précuite à base de maïs (Zea mays) et de soja (Glycine max) par la méthode traditionnelle

Une farine précuite mise au point par la méthode traditionnelle selon deux modes de préparation, à savoir la voie humide et la voie sèche, a été étudiée. Sa valeur bromatologique, sa viscosité et ses caractéristiques organoleptiques ont été évaluées. La présente étude avait pour objectif de mettre au point un aliment infantile précuit à l’aide des ingrédients localement produits, en vue de contribuer à la lutte contre la malnutrition protéino-energétique en RDC. Une diminution sensible de la teneur en protéine a été observée surtout avec la farine préparée par voie humide. Cependant, les bouillies préparées à base de cette dernière ont été les plus appréciées sur le plan organoleptique. Les farines à dose élevée en maïs ont été plus visqueuses et donc plus précuites que d’autres. Les variables organoleptiques ont été corrélées entre elles.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Farine précuite, viscosité, nutrition, maïs, sojaEnglish Title: Formulation of precooked flour basic on maize (Zea mays) and soya beans (Glycine max) by traditional methodEnglish AbstractPrecooked flour formulated following wet and dry traditional methods was evaluated. Nutritional values, viscosity and sensory characteristics were evaluated. The present study aimed at processing precooked childhood food using local materials in view to contributing to protein and energy malnutrition fight in Democratic Republic of Congo. The loss of protein value was observed especially within the flour obtained by wet method, while it was well appreciated. Flour pondered with high quantity of maize presented high value of viscosity. Correlation was observed between organoleptic parameters.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Precooked flour, viscosity, nutrition, maize, soya bea