Effect of blood's velocity on blood resistivity

Blood resistivity is an important quantity whose value influences the results of various methods used in the study of heart and circulation. In this paper, the relationship between blood resistivity and velocity of blood flow was evaluated and analyzed based upon a probe using six-ring electrodes and a circulatory model. The experimental results indicated that the change in blood resistivity was only ±1.1% when the velocity of blood flow changed from 2.83 to 40 cm/s and it rose to 23% when the velocity was lower than 2.83 cm/s

A Data Analytics Architecture for the Exploratory Analysis of High-Frequency Market Data

The development of cloud computing and database systems has increased the availability of high-frequency market data. An increasing number of researchers and domain experts are interested in analyzing such datasets in an ad-hoc manner. In spite of this, high-frequency data analysis requires a combination of domain knowledge and IT skills due to the need for data standardisation and extensive usage of computational resources. This paper proposes an architecture design for integrating data acquisition, analytics services, and visualisation to reduce the technical challenges for researchers and experts to analyze high-frequency market data. A case study demonstrates how the design can assist experts to invoke different analytics services within a consistent operational environment backed by analytics tools and resources such as a GCP’s Big Query running over a Refinitiv Tick History database and a Jupyter notebook

Increased nausea and dizziness when using tramadol for post-operative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) compared with morphine after intraoperative loading with morphine

Thirty-eight ASA I-III patients undergoing lower abdominal operations were randomly allocated to receive either morphine (group M, patient-controlled analgesia bolus = 1 mg of morphine) or tramadol (group T, patient-controlled analgesia bolus = 10 mg of tramadol) for post-operative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after receiving morphine intraoperatively. There were no between-group differences in the pain, sedation or vomit scores. The nausea scores were significantly higher in group T in the initial 20 h and between 32 and 36 h (P < 0.01, 0-4 and 8-12 h; P < 0.05, 4-8, 12-16, 16-20 and 32-36 h). The incidence of dizziness was also significantly higher in group T (68.4% vs. 31.6%, group T vs. group M, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the overall satisfaction. We conclude that the use of tramadol, compared with morphine, for post-operative PCA after intraoperative loading with morphine is associated with more nausea and dizziness, but with similar sedation, quality of analgesia and patient satisfaction.published_or_final_versio

A graphical model approach visualizes regulatory relationships between genome-wide transcription factor binding profiles.

Integrated analysis of multiple genome-wide transcription factor (TF)-binding profiles will be vital to advance our understanding of the global impact of TF binding. However, existing methods for measuring similarity in large numbers of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with sequencing (ChIP-seq), such as correlation, mutual information or enrichment analysis, are limited in their ability to display functionally relevant TF relationships. In this study, we propose the use of graphical models to determine conditional independence between TFs and showed that network visualization provides a promising alternative to distinguish 'direct' versus 'indirect' TF interactions. We applied four algorithms to measure 'direct' dependence to a compendium of 367 mouse haematopoietic TF ChIP-seq samples and obtained a consensus network known as a 'TF association network' where edges in the network corresponded to likely causal pairwise relationships between TFs. The 'TF association network' illustrates the role of TFs in developmental pathways, is reminiscent of combinatorial TF regulation, corresponds to known protein-protein interactions and indicates substantial TF-binding reorganization in leukemic cell types. With the rapid increase in TF ChIP-Seq data sets, the approach presented here will be a powerful tool to study transcriptional programmes across a wide range of biological systems.Bloodwise, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society, Cancer Research UK, the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and the Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; Yousef Jameel scholarship awarded by the Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust (to F.S.L.N.).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Oxford University Press via https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbw10

Shared transcription factors contribute to distinct cell fates.

Genome-wide transcription factor (TF) binding profiles differ dramatically between cell types. However, not much is known about the relationship between cell-type-specific binding patterns and gene expression. A recent study demonstrated how the same TFs can have functional roles when binding to largely non-overlapping genomic regions in hematopoietic progenitor and mast cells. Cell-type specific binding profiles of shared TFs are therefore not merely the consequence of opportunistic and functionally irrelevant binding to accessible chromatin, but instead have the potential to make meaningful contributions to cell-type specific transcriptional programs.Work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by grants from Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research, the MRC, BBSRC, the Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society, Cancer Research UK, the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and core support grants by the Wellcome Trust to the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. FSLN is the recipient of a Yousef Jameel scholarship.This is the final version. It was first published by Taylor & Francis at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCopyRight?doi=10.4161%2F21541264.2014.978173#tabModul

Chemical Printing of Biological Tissue by Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted Laser Ablation

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On the effect of hydrogen on the elastic moduli and acoustic loss behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V

The elastic moduli and acoustic loss behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) in the temperature range 5–298 K have been studied using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. A peak in the acoustic dissipation was observed at 160 K within the frequency range 250–1000 kHz. Analysis of the data acquired in this study, coupled with complementary data from the literature, showed that this was consistent with a Snoek-like relaxation process with an associated activation energy of 23 3 kJ mol$^{−1}$. However, the loss peak was broader than would be expected for a Snoek-like relaxation, and the underlying process was shown to have a spread of relaxation times. It is suggested that this effect arises as a result of variations in the strain experienced by the β phase due to different local microstructural constraint by the bounding secondary α phase.The authors would like to acknowledge Dr M Thomas of TIMET UK for providing compositional analysis, and the EPSRC / Rolls-Royce Strategic Partnership for funding (SLD under EP/H022309/1, NGJ and HJS under EP/H500375/1 and EP/M005607/1). RUS facilities were established in Cambridge through grants from the Natural Environment Research Council of Great Britain (NE/B505738/1 and NE/F017081/1).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Taylor & Francis via https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2016.119805

Peritoneal computed tomography: A diagnostic tool for genital oedema in patients on peritoneal dialysis

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Recent advances in opioid therapy

Recent advances in opioid therapy regarding routes of delivery, long-acting preparations, and sequential trials are described. Specifically, the advantages and disadvantages of transdermal therapeutic system fentanyl, transmucosal fentanyl citrate, Kapanol (sustained-release morphine) and individual variability in the responses to different opioids are discussed in detail. Pain and the fear of pain are perhaps the greatest source of suffering. It is common sense to accept that many diseases still cannot be cured, yet the accompanying suffering real. Hence relief is very important. Very few medications surpass opioids in terms of their therapeutic efficacy, ease of application, and lack of organic toxicity. The question is not whether opioids are effective but how to use them rationally. Many patients fail to have adequate analgesia, simply because doctors under-prescribe opioids as a result of lack of knowledge about their optimal usage.published_or_final_versio