Efeito cr?nico do tabagismo no perfil inflamat?rio, estresse oxidativo e desempenho f?sico em homens assintom?ticos

O efeito do consumo cr?nico do cigarro no perfil inflamat?rio, estresse oxidativo e desempenho f?sico t?m sido investigado em fumantes assintom?ticos, contudo, estes estudos na sua maioria ainda s?o poucos e divergentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito cr?nico do tabagismo no perfil inflamat?rio, estresse oxidativo, fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica e aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria de homens adultos assintom?ticos. Os sujeitos do estudo foram divididos igualmente entre o grupo fumante (GF, n= 20) e grupo controle (GC, n= 20), composto por sujeitos n?o fumantes. A fun??o pulmonar de todos participantes foi avaliada pela espirometria. O perfil inflamat?rio foi avaliado pela mensura??o das concentra??es plasm?ticas das citocinas IL-6, TNF-?, IL-10 e pelos receptores sol?veis de TNF-? (sTNFR1 e sTNFR2). O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pela mensura??o das concentra??es plasm?ticas das subst?ncias reativas ao ?cido tiobarbit?rico (TBARS), da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes super?xido dismutase (SOD) e catalase de eritr?citos e pela capacidade antioxidante total do plasma. A fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de pico de torque dos m?sculos extensores e flexores de joelho e da resist?ncia e fadiga muscular dos m?sculos extensores de joelho; e a aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria foi avaliada atrav?s da mensura??o do consumo pico de oxig?nio (VO2pico), frequ?ncia card?aca m?xima (FCmax) e dist?ncia caminhada em um teste m?ximo de caminhada/corrida. Sujeitos do GF apresentaram aumentos significativos das concentra??es plasm?ticas de TBARS e do receptor sol?vel sTNFR1 e diminui??es significativas da atividade da enzima catalase em lisado eritrocit?rio, comparados ao GC. Al?m disso, sujeitos do GF exibiram menor resist?ncia muscular dos m?sculos extensores de joelho como determinado pelas medidas de trabalho, com inalterado ?ndice de fadiga dos m?sculos extensores de joelho e pico de torque dos m?sculos extensores e flexores de joelho. A aptid?o cardiorrespirat?ria foi similar entre os sujeitos do GF e do GC. Este estudo demonstrou que homens fumantes cr?nicos e assintom?ticos exibiram altera??es no perfil inflamat?rio, no estresse oxidativo e na fun??o muscular esquel?tica perif?rica, quando comparados a n?o fumantes.The effect of chronic cigarette smoking on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress and physical performance has been investigated in asymptomatic smokers, however, these studies are few and divergent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, peripheral skeletal muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness in asymptomatic adult men. The subjects of the study were divided equally between the smoking group (SG, n = 20) and control group (CG, n = 20) composed of non-smoking subjects. The lung function of all participants was assessed by spirometry. The inflammatory response was assessed by measurement of plasma concentrations of IL- 6, TNF- ?, IL -10 and soluble receptors for TNF-? (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in erythrocytes and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma. The peripheral skeletal muscle function was assessed by measuring the peak torque of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee; and resistance and muscle fatigue of the knee extensor muscles; and cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by measurement of peak uptake oxygen (VO2peak), maximum heart rate (HRmax) and distance walked on a maximum test of the walk/run. SG subjects showed significant increases in plasma concentrations of TBARS and soluble receptors sTNFR1 and significant decreases in erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity, compared to the CG. In addition, SG subjects exhibited less muscle strength of knee extensors muscles as determined by measures of work and unchanged fatigue index of the knee extensors muscles and peak torque of knee extensors and flexors muscles. Cardiorespiratory fitness was similar between subjects SG and CG. This study demonstrated that male chronic smokers, healthy adult, exhibited changes in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and peripheral skeletal muscle function, when compared to non-smokers.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014

Efeito do treinamento de vibra??o de corpo inteiro na funcionalidade, na qualidade de vida e nas concentra??es plasm?ticas de marcadores inflamat?rio-oxidativos de pacientes com doen?a pulmonar obstrutiva cr?nica

Na Folha de Rosto da obra, consta o t?tulo: "Efeitos do treinamento de vibra??o de corpo inteiro na funcionalidade, for?a muscular, qualidade de vida e concentra??es plasm?ticas de marcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos de pacientes com doen?a pulmonar obstrutiva cr?nica".O treinamento de vibra??o de corpo inteiro (VCI) tem sido identificado com uma interven??o alternativa para a melhora da capacidade de exerc?cio e qualidade de vida de pacientes com Doen?a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr?nica (DPOC). Entretanto, o efeito do treinamento de VCI nas concentra??es de biomarcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos permanece desconhecido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de VCI em par?metros inflamat?rios-oxidativos, na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com DPOC. Vinte pacientes com DPOC foram igualmente divididos em: 1) grupo interven??o (GI), que realizou o treinamento de VCI; e, 2) grupo controle (GC) que n?o recebeu a interven??o. A interven??o consistiu da realiza??o de agachamento est?tico sobre uma plataforma vibrat?ria, em seis s?ries de 30 segundos, tr?s vezes semanais, durante 12 semanas. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ? (as): concentra??es plasm?ticas de IL-6, IL-8, IFN-? e receptores sol?veis de TNF-?; contagem de leuc?citos; concentra??es plasm?ticas de marcadores oxidantes e antioxidantes; dist?ncia caminhada no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6?); consumo pico de oxig?nio (VO2 pico) durante o TC6?; for?a de preens?o manual; qualidade de vida (question?rio Saint George?s); teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira 5 vezes e teste timed get-up and go (TUG). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste-t independente (linha de base) e Anova two-way para medidas repetidas (efeitos do treinamento). Considerou-se significativo p 0,05). Pacientes do GC n?o apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante para todas as avalia??es (p> 0,05). Em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o treinamento de VCI induziu benef?cios clinicamente significantes com rela??o ? capacidade de exerc?cio, a for?a muscular e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com DPOC, que n?o foram relacionados com mudan?as nas concentra??es sist?micas dos biomarcadores inflamat?rios-oxidativos analisados.Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.The whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has been identified as an alternative intervention to improve exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, the effect of WBVT on inflammatory-oxidative biomarkers remains unknown. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of WBVT on inflammatory-oxidative, functionality and quality of life parameters in patients with COPD. Twenty patients were equally divided into: 1) intervention group (IG) that performed the WBVT, and 2) control group (CG) that did not receive any intervention. Intervention consisted in performing static squatting on vibrating platform, in six series of 30 seconds, 3 day per week, for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated for: plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-?, soluble receptors of TNF-?; white cells count; plasma levels of oxidant and antioxidant markers; walking distance in six-minute walk test (6MWT); peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) during the 6MWT; handgrip strength; quality of life (Saint George?s); timed 5-chair sit-to-stand (5STS) and timed get-up and go test (TUG). The data were analyzed by unpaired t-test (baseline) and Anova two-way (effects of training). The level of significance was p 0.05). Taking together, our results demonstrated that the WBVT induced clinically significant benefits regarding exercise capacity, muscle strength and quality of life in patients with COPD, that were not related to systemic changes in the inflammatory-oxidative biomarkers analyzed

Prediction equation of peak oxygen uptake for the modified shuttle test in healthy adolescents

Given the gap in the literature regarding the peakof oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for adolescents of bothsexes, this study aimed to propose an equation to predict theVO2peak in healthy adolescents using the Modified ShuttleTest (MST). This is a cross-sectional study with 84 healthyadolescents between 12 and 18 years old, female and male.The MST is an external paced test, in which the speedincreases at each minute. Two MST were performed withat least 30 minutes of rest between them. The test with thelongest walked distance was considered for analysis. VO2wasdirectly monitored by an open circuit spirometry. Mean agewas 14.67±1.82 and the walked distance was 864.86±263.48m.Variables included in the prediction equation were walkeddistance and sex, explaining the VO2peak variability of 53% during MST performance. The prediction equation for VO2 peak with the MST was: predicted VO2 peak=18.274+(0.18×Distance Walked, meters)+(7.733×Sex); R2=0.53 and p<0.0001 (sex: 0 for girls, 1 for boys). This MST equation, proposed to predict VO2 peak in healthy adolescents of both sexes, can be used as a reference to assess exercise capacity in healthy adolescents and to investigate cardiopulmonary function in adolescents with reduced functional capacity.Dada una laguna en la literatura con respecto a laecuación para predecir el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2) enadolescentes de ambos sexos, el objetivo de este estudio es proponeruna ecuación para predecir el VO2máximo en adolescentes sanosusando el shuttle test modificado (MST). Se trata de un estudiotransversal, realizado con 84 adolescentes sanos con edades entre12 y 18 años, de ambos sexos. El MST es una prueba de campo dictadapor una señal sonora que indica el aumento de velocidad cadaminuto. Se realizaron dos MST con al menos 30 minutos de descansoentre ellos. Para el análisis se consideró la prueba con mayor distanciarecorrida. El monitoreo del VO2fue realizado directamente porespirometría de circuito abierto. La edad media fue de 14,67±1,82 años;y la distancia recorrida, de 864,86±263,48m. Las variables incluidasen la ecuación de predicción fueron la distancia recorrida y el sexo,que explicaron el 53% de la variabilidad del VO2máximo durante larealización del MST. La ecuación de referencia para el VO2máximopredicho con el MST fue VO2máximo previsto=18,274+(0,18×Distanciarecorrida, en metros)+(7,733×Sexo); R2=0,53 y p<0,0001 (sexo:0 para chicas, 1 para chicos). La ecuación MST propuesta parapredecir el VO2 máximo en adolescentes sanos de ambos sexospuede utilizarse como una referencia para evaluar la capacidadde ejercicio en adolescentes sanos y para investigar la funcióncardiopulmonar en adolescentes con capacidad funcional reducidaDada a lacuna na literatura quanto à equação de predição do pico de consumo de oxigênio (VO2 ) para adolescentes de ambos os sexos, o objetivo deste estudo é propor uma equação para predizer o VO2 pico em adolescentes saudáveis utilizando o shuttle test modificado (MST). Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 84 adolescentes saudáveis entre 12 e 18 anos, do sexo feminino e masculino. O MST é um teste de campo ditado por um sinal sonoro que indica o aumento da velocidade a cada minuto. Dois MSTs foram realizados com pelo menos 30 minutos de descanso entre eles. O teste com a maior distância percorrida foi o considerado para análise. O VO2 foi monitorado diretamente por uma espirometria de circuito aberto. A média de idade foi de 14,67±1,82 anos, e a de distância percorrida foi de 864,86±263,48m. As variáveis 2 incluídas na equação de predição foram distância percorrida e sexo, que explicaram 53% da variabilidade do VO2 pico durante a realização do MST. A equação de referência para o VO2 pico previsto com o MST foi VO2 pico predito=18,274+(0,18×Distância percorrida, em metros)+(7,733×Sexo); R2 =0,53 e p<0,0001 (sexo: 0 para meninas, 1 para meninos). A equação do MST proposta para predizer o VO2 pico em adolescentes saudáveis de ambos os sexos pode ser usada como referência para avaliar a capacidade de exercício em adolescentes saudáveis e investigar a função cardiopulmonar em adolescentes com capacidade funcional reduzida

Prediction equation of peak oxygen uptake for the modified shuttle test in healthy adolescents

ABSTRACT Given the gap in the literature regarding the peak of oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for adolescents of both sexes, this study aimed to propose an equation to predict the VO2peak in healthy adolescents using the Modified Shuttle Test (MST). This is a cross-sectional study with 84 healthy adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, female and male. The MST is an external paced test, in which the speed increases at each minute. Two MST were performed with at least 30 minutes of rest between them. The test with the longest walked distance was considered for analysis. VO2 was directly monitored by an open circuit spirometry. Mean age was 14.67±1.82 and the walked distance was 864.86±263.48m. Variables included in the prediction equation were walked distance and sex, explaining the VO2peak variability of 53% during MST performance. The prediction equation for VO2peak with the MST was: predicted VO2peak=18.274+(0.18×Distance Walked, meters)+(7.733×Sex); R2=0.53 and p<0.0001 (sex: 0 for girls, 1 for boys). This MST equation, proposed to predict VO2peak in healthy adolescents of both sexes, can be used as a reference to assess exercise capacity in healthy adolescents and to investigate cardiopulmonary function in adolescents with reduced functional capacity

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Evaluación de la fuerza muscular respiratoria en adultos cantantes de coro y no cantantes

Um bom desempenho musical exige dos cantores alta habilidade do sistema respiratório, uma vez que, durante o canto, a musculatura respiratória produz o aumento e diminuição da caixa torácica. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e comparar a força muscular respiratória de indivíduos adultos cantores de coral e não cantores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, composta por indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 45 anos, de ambos os sexos, sedentários e não tabagistas, distribuídos entre dois grupos: indivíduos cantores de coral (GC; n=23) e indivíduos não cantores (GNC; n=23). Os grupos foram avaliados quanto à força muscular inspiratória (pressão inspiratória máxima - PImáx.) e expiratória (pressão expiratória máxima - PEmáx.) por meio da manovacuometria. Indivíduos do GC apresentaram valores maiores da PImáx. (p=0,049) e PEmáx. (p&lt;0,001) quando comparados ao GNC. Além disso, identificou-se que os valores da PImáx. têm magnitude de efeito e poder moderados (d=0,56; poder=0,59), e os valores da PEmáx. magnitude de efeito moderado e poder elevado (d=0,77; poder=0,82). Essa diferença das medidas de PImáx. e PEmáx. entre GNC e GC foi também observada ao se considerar os valores dos percentuais dos preditos (p&lt;0,05). A partir das análises realizadas, conclui-se que cantores adultos de coral apresentam maior força muscular inspiratória e expiratória quando comparados a não cantores.Para un buen desempeño musical, los cantantes necesitan tener una alta capacidad pulmonar, ya que los músculos respiratorios durante el canto producen un aumento y disminución de la caja torácica. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar y comparar la fuerza muscular respiratoria entre individuos adultos cantantes de coro y no cantantes. Este es un estudio transversal, en el que participó individuos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 45 años, de ambos los sexos, sedentarios y no fumadores, que fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: cantantes de coro (GC; n=23) y no cantantes (CNG; n=23). Los grupos se sometieron a evaluación de la fuerza muscular inspiratoria (presión inspiratoria máxima, PImáx.) y espiratoria (presión espiratoria máxima, PEmáx.) mediante manovacuometría. Los individuos del GC presentaron valores más altos de PImáx. (p=0,049) y de PEmáx. (p&lt;0,001) que los de GNC. Además, se identificó que los valores de PImáx. tienen magnitud del efecto y potencia moderados (d=0,56; potencia=0,59), y los valores de PEmáx, magnitud de efecto moderado y alta potencia (d=0,77; potencia=0,82). Esta diferencia en las mediciones de PImáx. y PEmáx. entre GNC y GC también se observó al considerar los valores de los porcentajes de los predichos (p&lt;0,05). De los análisis realizados se concluye que los adultos cantantes de coro tienen mayor fuerza muscular inspiratoria y espiratoria que los no cantantes.A good musical performance requires singers to have high respiratory system skills since the respiratory muscles produce an increase and decrease in the rib cage during singing. Our research aimed to verify and compare the respiratory muscle strength of adult choir singers and non-singers. This is a cross-sectional study consisting of individuals between 18 and 45 years of age, of both sexes, sedentary and non-smokers, distributed between two groups: choir singers (GC; n=23) and non-singers (GNC; n=23). Both groups were evaluated for inspiratory (maximal inspiratory pressure - MIP) and expiratory (maximal expiratory pressure - MEP) muscle strength through a manovacuometer. Individuals in the GC showed higher values of MIP (p=0.049) and MEP (p &lt;0.001) when compared to the GNC. Moreover, MIP values were identified as having a moderate magnitude of effect and power (d=0.56; power=0.59), whereas MEP values had a moderate magnitude of effect and high power (d=0.77; power=0.82). This difference in MIP and MEP measurements between GNC and GC was also observed regarding values of the predicted percentages (p&lt;0.05). From the analyzes performed, one can conclude that adult choir singers have greater inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength when compared to non-singers

Evaluation of Strength and Irradiated Movement Pattern Resulting from Trunk Motions of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Introduction. The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a physiotherapeutic concept based on muscle and joint proprioceptive stimulation. Among its principles, the irradiation is the reaction of the distinct regional muscle contractions to the position of the application of the motions. Objective. To investigate the presence of irradiated dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and the existing strength generated by them during application of PNF trunk motions. Methods. The study was conducted with 30 sedentary and female volunteers, the PNF motions of trunk flexion, and extension with the foot (right and left) positioned in a developed equipment coupled to the load cell, which measured the strength irradiated in Newton. Results. Most of the volunteers irradiated dorsal flexion in the performance of the flexion and plantar flexion during the extension motion, both presenting an average force of 8.942 N and 10.193 N, respectively. Conclusion. The distal irradiation in lower limbs became evident, reinforcing the therapeutic actions to the PNF indirect muscular activation