43 research outputs found

    A computational framework for the comparative analysis of glioma models and patients

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    Diffuse Gliome bei Erwachsenen sind aggressive, unheilbare Hirntumore. Humanisierte Mausmodelle helfen, molekulare Mechanismen zu verstehen und therapeutische Ziele zu identifizieren, aber der Vergleich mit Proben von Patienten gestaltet sich schwierig. Ich habe eine computergestützte Plattform namens CAPE entwickelt, um Tumormodelle und Patienten-Expressionsprofile mit Hilfe der nicht-negativen Matrixfaktorisierung zu vergleichen. Die Anwendung von CAPE auf humanisierte Maus-Gliom-Avatar-Modelle (GSA) und diffuse Glioma-Patienten zeigte eine starke Übereinstimmung zwischen den Modellen und dem proneuralen Glioblastom-Subtyp. CAPE hat gezeigt, dass durch die Transplantation der Erwerb neuer Tumorzustände in den Modellen verbessert wurde. Durch die Kombination von reporterbasiertem genetischem Tracing und CAPE zeigte sich, dass eine Untergruppe der in vivo GSA-Populationen mit Patienten zusammenfällt, die astrozytische Merkmale aufweisen. Die Behandlung von GSA-Modellen in vitro mit menschlichem Serum, TNFα oder ionisierender Strahlung führte zu einer Verschiebung in den mesenchymalen Zustand. Einzelzell-Transkriptomik annotierte GSA-Populationen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen und zeigte alle Glioblastomzustände in vivo und bei Aktivierung durch externe Faktoren. Der Vergleich von GSA-Einzelzellpopulationen und Patienten bestätigte diese Identitäten. Die Studie etablierte einen umfassenden Rahmen für die Erprobung und Validierung von Verbesserungen der Tumormodelle, um Patienten besser abzubilden, und erweiterte das Verständnis der Tumorbiologie und Ansprechen auf Therapie.Adult-type diffuse gliomas are aggressive, incurable adult brain cancers. Humanized mouse models help understand molecular mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets, but comparing them with patient samples is difficult. I developed a computational framework, CAPE, for comparing tumor models and patient expression profiles using non-negative matrix factorization. Applying CAPE to humanized mouse glioma subtype avatar models (GSA) and adult-type diffuse glioma patients revealed a strong resemblance between models and proneural glioblastoma subtype. CAPE showed that transplantation improved new tumor state acquisition in models. Combining genetic tracing reporter phenotypic selection with CAPE showed a subset of in vivo GSA populations clustering with patients having astrocytic-like identities. In vitro treatment of GSA models with human serum, TNFα, or ionizing radiation led to a mesenchymal state shift upon reporter selection. Single-cell transcriptomics annotated GSA populations in different conditions, revealing all glioblastoma states in vivo and upon external factor activation. Comparing GSA single-cell populations and patients confirmed these identities. The study established a comprehensive framework for testing and validating tumor model improvements to resemble patients, advancing tumor biology and treatment response understanding

    Repetición de esprints y salto vertical en jugadores jóvenes de baloncesto y fútbol de élite

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    La capacidad de repetir esprints y saltos verticales son variables de gran importancia en deportes como fútbol o baloncesto. Sin embargo, no conocemos estudios que describan la capacidad de repetir esprints y saltos verticales, así como la relación entre dichas variables, en jugadores masculinos y femeninos jóvenes de fútbol y baloncesto de élite. Para ello, 37 jugadoras (N = 37, edad = 15 ± 0,5 años, altura=167,7 ± 9,5cm, peso = 55,8 ± 8,0 kg) y 40 jugadores (N = 40, edad = 15 ± 0,5 años, altura = 176,4 ± 11,1, peso = 69,5 ± 10,1 kg) de fútbol y baloncesto del máximo nivel competitivo tomaron parte en este estudio. Se midió el Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) y el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) antes y después del RAST, y los valores del mejor esprint, el índice de fatiga y la potencia producida en el RAST y la pérdida de salto vertical después del RAST fueron analizados mediante el análisis de la varianza múltiple (MANOVA) y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre especialidades deportivas en el esprint (p

    Repetició d’esprints i salt vertical en joves jugadors de basquetbol i futbol d’elit

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    La capacitat de repetir esprints i salts verticals són variables de gran importància en esports com el futbol o el basquetbol. Tanmateix, no coneixem estudis que descriguin la capacitat de repetir esprints i salts verticals, així com la relació entre aquestes variables, en jugadors masculins i femenins joves de futbol i basquetbol d’elit. Per a això, 37 jugadores (N = 37, edat = 15 ± 0,5 anys, alçada=167,7 ± 9,5 cm, pes = 55,8 ± 8,0 kg) i 40 jugadors (N = 40, edat = 15 ± 0,5 anys, alçada = 176,4 ± 11,1, pes = 69,5 ± 10,1 kg) de futbol i basquetbol del màxim nivell competitiu van prendre part en aquest estudi. Es va mesurar el Running-Based Anaerobic Esprint Test (RAST) i el salt amb contramoviment (CMJ) abans i després del RAST, i els valors del millor esprint, l’índex de fatiga i la potència produïda en el RAST i la pèrdua de salt vertical després del RAST van ser analitzats mitjançant l’anàlisi de la variància múltiple (MANOVA) i el coeficient de correlació de Pearson. Els resultats mostren, d’una banda, diferències estadísticament significatives entre especialitats esportives en l’esprint (p

    Análisis comparativo de las demandas físicas de dos tareas de juego reducido en fútbol profesional

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    El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las demandas físicas de dos situaciones de fútbol reducido, modifi cando el espacio relativo de juego. El estudio siguió un diseño pre-experimental de grupo único. Un total de diez deportistas profesionales pertenecientes a un equipo de primera división de la liga española de futbol fueron sometidos a dos tareas de fútbol reducido: 7x7 (25x45 m) y 11x11 (60x45 m). Mediante GPS se midieron las siguientes variables cinemáticas: distancia recorrida, distancia recorrida a alta intensidad, número de aceleraciones moderadas, número de aceleraciones medias, número de aceleraciones máximas, duración de las aceleraciones, y distancia recorrida durante las aceleraciones. Se procedió con estadística descriptiva y, tras comprobar la normalidad de las distribuciones, se procedió con prueba T para muestras relacionadas, estimándose el tamaño del efecto mediante el porcentaje de cambio. En la situación 11x11 los jugadores recorrieron más distancia (p = 0,003), corrieron más distancia a altas velocidades (p = 0,016) y se produjeron aceleraciones más duraderas en tiempo (p = 0,017) y en distancia recorrida (p = 0,001). En la situación de juego 7x7 se registraron mayor número de aceleraciones moderadas (p = 0,002) y medias (p = 0,004). Mientras que la carga de trabajo total es mayor en la situación 11x11, el 7x7 es más exigente en cuanto a aceleraciones y cambios de ritmo, lo que implica una carga interna distinta, de orientación más neuromuscular. A juicio de los autores de este trabajo, las demandas físicas propias del 7x7, en el que se realizan un mayor número de aceleraciones, convierten al 7x7 en un ejercicio idóneo para trabajar la fuerza específi ca en un contexto en el que se integran aspectos físico, técnico y táctico.The aim of the present study was to compare the physical demands of two SSG (small sided games) modifying the relative pitch area per player. The study followed a pre-experimental design only group. A total of ten professional soccer players belonging to a team of Spanish fi rst division soccer league were monitored during two diff erent SSG: 7x7 (25x45 m) and 11x11 (60x45 m). Using GPS the following cinematic variables were measured: distance, distance at high speed running, number of moderate accelerations, average number of accelerations, number of maximal acceleration, duration of acceleration, and distance traveled during acceleration. After checking the normal distribution, data were analyzed by T test for related sample, and eff ect size was estimated using percentage change. According to the results, in 11x11 SSG players covered more total distance (p = 0.003), covered more distance at high intensity running (p = 0.016) and accelerations occurred along more time (p = 0.017) and distance (p = 0.001). In the 7x7 SSG more number of moderate (p = 0.002) and medium (p = 0.004) accelerations were registered. Even though the total workload is higher in the 11x11 situation, 7x7 is more demanding in terms of accelerations and direction changes, which implies a diff erent internal load, more neuromuscular. Furthermore, the physical demands of the SSG 7x7, where a higher number of accelerations are performed, becoming the 7x7 an ideal task to work specifi c strength, in a context where physical, technical and tactical aspects are integrated

    Effect of an eccentric overload and small-side games training in training accelerations and decelerations

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    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects that two different training programs have on the characteristics of the accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DCC) of the soccer players and their ability to maintain them over time in a training task. Twenty-three female soccer players from a Spanish professional club were split into three groups: a Small-sided game training (SGG), an eccentric overload training (EOG) and a control group (CG). The ACC and DCC variables were analysed in a training task before and after the training protocol using GPS devices. The SSG improved the total distance travelled [ES (CI) = 0.32 (0.04; 0.60)], the number of ACC >2 m/s2 [ES (CI) = 0.60 (-0.16; 1.36)], distance travelling ACC between 2-3 m/s2 [ES (CI) = 0.62 (-0.01; 1.25)], initial velocity ACC [ES (CI) = 0.88 (-0.10; 1.86)] and the percentage of repeated ACC [ES (IC) = 0.58 (-0.11; 1.28)] with respect to the CG. The EOG group improved distance travelling ACC [ES (CI) = 0.66 (-0.10; 1.41)] and DCC [ES (CI) = 1.21 (0.77; 1.64)] over 3 m/s2, maximum ACC [ES (CI) = 0.92 (0.40; 1.44)] and DCC [ES (CI) = 1.16 (0.58; 1.74)], average ACC [ES (CI) = 1.07 (0.40; 1.74)] and DCC [ES (CI) = 0.91 (0.24; 1.54)] and the number of DCC >2 m/s2 [ES (CI) = 0.54 (-0.18; 1.26)] with respect to the CG. In conclusion, the SGG obtained improvements in the ACC variables, while the EOG brought about improvements in the ACC and DCC variables

    Etología. Introducción a la ciencia del comportamiento

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    1ª ed., 3ª reimp.El objetivo de este libro es proporcionar una introducción a la Etología. Ésta ciencia responde al interés por profundizar en el conocimiento de las costumbres animales; por comprender la variedad de comportamientos que en diferentes situaciones exhiben los individuos de diferentes especies. Una posible definición de Etología podría ser: el estudio científico del comportamiento de los seres vivos. A lo largo de esta obra se analizan todos los aspectos que tienen que ver con el comportamiento animal, desde las causas y mecanismos de actuación o la adaptación y evolución y el bienestar animal.The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to Ethology. This science responds to the interest in deepening the knowledge of animal customs; to understand the variety of behaviour that in different situations exhibit individuals of different species. A possible definition of ethology could be: the scientific study of the behavior of living beings. Throughout this book all aspects related to animal behavior, from the causes and mechanisms of action or adaptation and evolution and animal welfare, are analyzed

    Estado actual sobre la opinión e implantación en la sociedad de los psicólogos en España

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    There are few studies that present the image of the profession of psychology in the Spanish context. This descriptive and correlational study aims to describe the current state of opinion about psychology that exists in Spanish society. A sample of 920 people is obtained incidentally using a specific questionnaire as a tool. A descriptive analysis of the responses that generate a global pattern is carried out and done by cluster, which divides the sample into four specific response profiles. The main results indicate that opinions are generally positive, although there are still some myths and more traditional visions that are observed in some clusters, so work should be continued to increase and maintain the knowledge of society in relation to the profession.Existen pocos estudios que presenten la imagen de la profesión de psicología en el contexto español. Este estudio de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, tiene como objetivo describir el estado actual de la opinión sobre la psicología que existe en la sociedad española. Se obtiene una muestra de 920 personas de forma incidental utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario específico. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de las respuestas que generan un patrón global y se hace un agrupamiento por clúster, que divide a la muestra en cuatro perfiles específicos de respuestas. Los principales resultados indican que las opiniones son en general positivas, aunque todavía existen algunos mitos y visiones más tradicionales que se observan en algunos clúster, por lo que se ha de seguir trabajando en aumentar y mantener el conocimiento de la sociedad en relación con la profesión.   There are few studies that present the image of the profession of psychology in the Spanish context. This descriptive and correlational study aims to describe the current state of opinion about psychology that exists in Spanish society. A sample of 920 people is obtained incidentally using a specific questionnaire as a tool. A descriptive analysis of the responses that generate a global pattern is carried out and done by cluster, which divides the sample into four specific response profiles. The main results indicate that opinions are generally positive, although there are still some myths and more traditional visions that are observed in some clusters, so work should be continued to increase and maintain the knowledge of society in relation to the profession

    The multikinase inhibitor EC‐70124 synergistically increased the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in sarcomas

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    Cytotoxic drugs like doxorubicin remain as the most utilized agents in sarcoma treatment. However, advanced sarcomas are often resistant, thus stressing the need for new therapies aimed to overcome this resistance. Multikinase inhibitors provide an efficient way to target several pro-tumorigenic pathways using a single agent and may constitute a valuable strategy in the treatment of sarcomas, which frequently show an aberrant activation of pro-tumoral kinases. Therefore, we studied the antitumor activity of EC-70124, an indolocarbazole analog that have demonstrated a robust ability to inhibit a wide range of pro-survival kinases. Evaluation of the phospho-kinase profile in cell-of-origin sarcoma models and/or sarcoma primary cell lines evidenced that PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT or SRC were among the most highly activated pathways. In striking contrast with the structurally related drug midostaurin, EC-70124 efficiently prevented the phosphorylation of these targets and robustly inhibited proliferation through a mechanism associated to the induction of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, EC-70124 was able to partially reduce tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, this compound inhibited the expression and activity of ABC efflux pumps involved in drug resistance. In line with this ability, we found that the combined treatment of EC-70124 with doxorubicin resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect in vitro and an increased antitumor activity of this cytotoxic drug in vivo. Altogether, these results uncover the capability of the novel multikinase inhibitor EC-70124 to counteract drug resistance in sarcoma and highlight its therapeutic potential when combined with current treatmentsPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 21 (2)

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    Requerimientos ambientales de Microtus arvalis asturianus Miller, 1908 (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) en la Península Ibérica.Dinámica anual de la comunidad de paseriformes en un salador litoral del sudeste Ibérico.Helminthfauna of canidae and felidae in the Montseny massif (Catalonia, Spain)Métodos de sujección utilizados por dos especies de alcaudones (Lanius excubitor y L. collurio) para almacenar alimentoSelección del microhábitat en una población de Podarcis bocagei del noroeste ibéricoConducta de puesta, de eclosión y de los recién nacidos en Podarciis bocagei.Nota sobre alimentación de mochuelo (Athene noctua, L. Aves: Strigiformes).Micromamíferos utilizando nidos abandonados de aves como almacenes de alimento y lugares comedorAcerca de la dieta primaveral de perros asilvestrados (Canis familiaris) en una localidad del sureste ibérico.Localización del fartet, Aphanius iberus, en la cuenca del rio Adra (Almeria, sudeste ibérico).Estimación de la dieta de la garcilla bueyera a partir del análisis de regurgitaciones de pollos: problemas debidos a la digestión diferencial de las presas.Peer reviewe

    Mutations in SCNM1 cause orofaciodigital syndrome due to minor intron splicing defects affecting primary cilia

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    Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, face, and digits. We describe individuals with OFD from three unrelated families having bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in SCNM1 as the cause of their condition. SCNM1 encodes a protein recently shown to be a component of the human minor spliceosome. However, so far the effect of loss of SCNM1 function on human cells had not been assessed. Using a comparative transcriptome analysis between fibroblasts derived from an OFD-affected individual harboring SCNM1 mutations and control fibroblasts, we identified a set of genes with defective minor intron (U12) processing in the fibroblasts of the affected subject. These results were reproduced in SCNM1 knockout hTERT RPE-1 (RPE-1) cells engineered by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing and in SCNM1 siRNA-treated RPE-1 cultures. Notably, expression of TMEM107 and FAM92A encoding primary cilia and basal body proteins, respectively, and that of DERL2, ZC3H8, and C17orf75, were severely reduced in SCNM1-deficient cells. Primary fibroblasts containing SCNM1 mutations, as well as SCNM1 knockout and SCNM1 knockdown RPE-1 cells, were also found with abnormally elongated cilia. Conversely, cilia length and expression of SCNM1-regulated genes were restored in SCNM1-deficient fibroblasts following reintroduction of SCNM1 via retroviral delivery. Additionally, functional analysis in SCNM1-retrotransduced fibroblasts showed that SCNM1 is a positive mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Our findings demonstrate that defective U12 intron splicing can lead to a typical ciliopathy such as OFD and reveal that primary cilia length and Hh signaling are regulated by the minor spliceosome through SCNM1 activity.This work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105620RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
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