309 research outputs found
Wörterbuchportale : Fragen der Benutzerführung
In diesem Beitrag geht es um Fragen der Benutzerführung in lexikografisch-lexikologischen Portalen, und zwar inbesondere um die Portale OWID (Mannheim) und „Wörterbuch-Portal“ (Berlin). Diese werden mit ihrer jeweiligen Konzeption sowie ihrem technischen Aufbau vorgestellt und dann aus Benutzersicht bewertet. An Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung dieser Angebote schließen sich einige grundsätzliche Überlegungen zur Zukunft lexikografischer Portale an.This contribution discusses questions of user interaction in dictionary portals. The dictionary portals OWID (Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim) and „Wörterbuch-Portal“ (Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften) are presented as showcases. Their conceptual as well as their technical layer are discussed in detail. Both portals are evaluated with regard to their interaction with their prospective users. Suggestions for the advancement of these portals as well as some considerations about the future of internet-based dictionary portals conclude this paper
Parameters driving effectiveness of automated essay scoring with LSA
Automated essay scoring with latent semantic analysis (LSA) has recently been subject to increasing interest. Although previous authors have achieved grade ranges similar to those awarded by humans, it is still not clear which and how parameters improve or decrease the effectiveness of LSA. This pa-per presents an analysis of the effects of these parameters, such as text pre-processing, weighting, singular value dimensionality and type of similarity measure, and benchmarks this effectiveness by comparing machine-assigned with human-assigned scores in a real-world case. We show that each of the identified factors significantly influences the quality of automated essay scoring and that the factors are not independent of each other
Gene flow in admixed populations and implications for the conservation of the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera
Anthropogenic activity, especially modern apiculture, has considerable impact on the natural distribution of the Western honeybee, Apismellifera, leading to the spread, replacement and fragmentation of many subspecies. This creates demand for the conservation of some subspecies, in particular, Apismelliferamellifera, which once was widely distributed in Western Europe and nowadays is endangered through habitat loss and fragmentation. Moreover, A.m.mellifera may be further endangered by hybridisation in populations that now occur in artificial sympatry with other subspecies. Here, we quantify and compare individual hybridisation between sympatric and allopatric honeybee populations of A.m.mellifera and A.m.carnica using microsatellite markers and a Bayesian model-based approach. We had a special focus on pure breeding populations, which are a major tool in honeybee conservation. Our results demonstrate that subspecies are still highly differentiated, but gene flow is not prevented by the current management strategies, creating urgent demand for an improved conservation management of A.m.mellifera. However, the occurrence of a high number of pure individuals might suggest that some sort of hybrid barrier acts against the complete admixture of the two subspecie
Perfect alignment and preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers during CVD growth of diamond on (111) surfaces
Synthetic diamond production is key to the development of quantum metrology
and quantum information applications of diamond. The major quantum sensor and
qubit candidate in diamond is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center. This
lattice defect comes in four different crystallographic orientations leading to
an intrinsic inhomogeneity among NV centers that is undesirable in some
applications. Here, we report a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor
decomposition (MPCVD) diamond growth technique on (111)-oriented substrates
that yields perfect alignment () of as-grown NV centers along a single
crystallographic direction. In addition, clear evidence is found that the
majority () of the aligned NV centers were formed by the nitrogen
being first included in the (111) growth surface and then followed by the
formation of a neighboring vacancy on top. The achieved homogeneity of the
grown NV centers will tremendously benefit quantum information and metrology
applications.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, changes to previous version: added
acknowledgemen
Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe "Open-Access-Publikationsplattformen"
Die Open-Access-Strategie des Landes Berlin von 2015 formuliert den Anspruch:
"Als langfristiges Ziel wird der Aufbau einer landesweiten Open-Access-
Infrastruktur für Monografien, Sammelbände und Zeitschriften in Kooperation
mit an wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen agierenden
Infrastrukturdienstleistern, sowie mit in Berlin ansässigen Verlagen und
Publikationsdienstleistern angestrebt." Eine landesweite Berliner Open-Access-
Publikationsinfrastruktur soll dabei von den vorhandenen infrastrukturellen
und wissenschaftlichen Expertisen mehrerer, kooperativ agierender
Einrichtungen in Berlin profitieren und qualitativ hochwertige Publikationen
zu fairen Kosten umsetzen. Die Arbeitsgruppe "Open-Access-
Publikationsplattformen" mit Vertreter/innen mehrerer Berliner
Forschungseinrichtungen wurde beauftragt, dafür notwendige Vorarbeiten zu
leisten. So wurden im ersten Teil des Berichtes die an Berliner
wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen bereits bestehenden
Publikationsinfrastrukturen erfasst. Im zweiten Teil wurden drei Modelle für
den Aufbau einer landesweiten Open-Access-Publikationsinfrastruktur für
Monografien, Sammelbände und Zeitschriften beschrieben. The Berlin Open Access
Strategy claims: "It is a long-term goal to establish a Berlin-wide open
access infrastructure for monographs, anthologies and periodicals – as a
cooperation of infrastructure service providers located at research
institutions as well as Berlin-based publishers and publishing service
providers." A Berlin-wide open access publishing infrastructure should be
based on the existing infrastructural and scholarly expertise of several,
cooperating institutions in Berlin and result in high-quality publications at
fair costs. A working group "Open Access Publishing Platforms" consisting of
representatives of several Berlin research institutions was set up and
commissioned to carry out the necessary preliminary work. The first part
reports on existing publication infrastructures run by Berlin research
institutions. The second part describes three possible model for re-
structuring and setting up a Berlin-wide open access publishing infrastructure
for monographs, anthologies and journals
Political Agency and the Responsibility Paradox: Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78164/1/ipc-107-davis-whitman-zald-political-agency-responsibility-paradox-multinationals-corporate-social-responsibility.pd
Presentation and medical management of peripheral arterial disease in general practice: rationale, aims, design and baseline results of the PACE-PAD Study
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is highly prevalent among individuals of higher age or those with one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Screening for PAD is recommended, since it is often linked to atherothrombotic manifestations in the coronary or carotid circulation and associated with a substantial increase in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to assess patients with newly diagnosed, suspected and confirmed PAD in the primary care setting with regards to clinical characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic management (including referral to specialists), and medium-term outcomes. Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study with a cross-sectional and a longitudinal part. A total of 2,781 general practitioners across Germany were cluster randomised to document five consecutive patients each in one of the strata: (1) patients with intermittent claudication (IC) or other typical PAD-related complaints (group A) or (2) patients >55 years of age with one or more risk factors (group B) for PAD (current smoking, diabetes, previous myocardial infection and/or previous stroke). Patients with confirmed PAD will be followed up for diagnostic procedures, therapy and vascular events over 18 months. Results: In group A, a total of 2,131 patients with suspected PAD (80.1% confirmed, 75.9% with referral to specialists) and in group B 9,921 patients were included (44.6% confirmed, 54.6% referral). The ankle-brachial index was calculated in 41.3% and 33.5% only. Mean age was 66.6 years (group A) and 68.4 years (group B), respectively. Vascular risk factors were prevalent in both groups, in particular smoking (group A 44.6%, group B 44.4%), hypertension (73.2 and 78.1%), hypercholesterolaemia (64.6 and 70.6%) and diabetes mellitus (41.7 and 60.6%). Concomitant atherothrombotic morbidities were frequent in both groups. In patients with the respective diseases, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering and antithrombotic therapies were prescribed in group A in 96.6, 96.0, 91.1 and 89.7% and in group B in 98.3, 97.4, 94.1 and 91.2%. Conclusion: The cross-sectional part of the study indicates a substantial burden of disease in PAD patients in primary care. Treatment rates appear to have improved compared to earlier surveys. In the follow-up period, outcomes of these patients and their association with disease stages, guideline-oriented treatment or patient compliance and disease-coping strategies, among other factors, will be determined
The Responsibility Paradox: Multinational Firms and Global Corporate Social Responsibility
This paper examines the impact of multinational firms' increasingly blurred geographical and institutional boundaries on the nature and definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It begins with a brief history of CSR, describes changes in the global corporation and the pressures impinging on it over the past 25 years, and analyzes the resulting mismatch between the contemporary corporation and traditional concepts of CSR. It then dissects some of the issues raised by this new concept of CSR, and speculates on future trajectories for CSR in multinational corporations as globalization continues to exert pressure for convergence of such standards into a more universal definition of Global CSR.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21613/1/IPC-working-paper-004-whitmanDavisZald.pd
- …