Kriterien für die Wahl von Market Entry Modes

In der Arbeit wird auf Kriterien eingegangen, die die Wahl einer externen Marktbearbeitungsform [engl.: Market Entry Mode] beeinflussen. Als Market Entry Modes werden Exporte, Lizenzen, Joint Venture und Direktinvestitionen unterschieden. Zu Beginn werden Motive für einen Schritt ins Ausland erörtert und anschließend auf Verfahren eingegangen, die Unternehmen dabei unterstützen, Stärken und Schwächen, sowie Chancen und Risiken einer Marktexpansion, zu analysieren. Die aus der Literatur abgeleiteten Internationalisierungstheorien umfassen eine Vielzahl von Faktoren, die in der Folge in Wettbewerbskriterien und Standortkriterien unterteilt und bewertet werden. Erstere betreffen Unternehmensinterne Faktoren, wie Wettbewerbsvorteile aufgrund von technologischer Überlegenheit und den Einsatz von Ressourcen, wie Kapital und Arbeit. Der Aufwand für die Kontrolle der internen und externen Aktivitäten und die Risiken einer Marktexpansion, werden als weitere Wettbewerbskriterien vorgestellt. Standortkriterien beziehen sich auf das politische und kulturelle Umfeld im Zielland, sowie auf Handelsbarrieren, die die Höhe der Transportkosten beeinflussen und auf Rivalitäten zwischen Konkurrenten. Der Einfluss dieser Kriterien auf die Wahl von Market Entry Modes wurde mit einer Skala von “1“ bis “5“ bewertet und in einer Tabelle dargestellt. Dabei kam heraus, dass bei Direktinvestitionen der Einfluss der Kriterien am größten ist. Werden die einzelnen Faktoren miteinander verglichen, dann stellt sich heraus, dass die Wahl einer der vier Entry Modes, vom Vorhanden sein von Wettbewerbsvorteilen, am meisten beeinflussen wird. Zum Schluss wird die Relevanz einzelner Kriterien anhand zweier Fallstudien aufgezeigt und ein Unternehmen vorgestellt, dass sich allein durch das Eingehen von Joint Venture Partnerschaften, einen Wettbewerbsvorteil verschafft

The 1997 Kagoshima (Japan) earthquake doublet: A quantitative analysis of aftershock rate changes

We quantitatively map relative rate changes for the aftershock sequence following the second mainshock of the 1997 earthquake doublet (M_W = 6.1, M_W = 6.0) in the Kagoshima province (Japan). Using the spatial distribution of the modified Omori law parameters for aftershocks that occurred during the 47.8 days between the two mainshocks, we forecast the aftershock activity in the next 50 days and compare it to the actually observed rates. The relative rate change map reveals four regions with statistically significant relative rate changes - three negative and one positive. “Our analysis suggests that the coseismic rate changes for off-fault aftershocks could be explained by changes in static stress. However, to explain the activation and deactivation of on-fault seismicity, other mechanism such as unusual crustal properties and the presence of abundant crustal fluids are required.

[Fantasien, Orch, op. 27] Fantaisie à grand orchestre : oeuv. 27 / par Sigismond Neukomm

20 Stimmen: Violino I, Violino II, Viola, Bassi, Oboe I, Oboe II, Flauto I, Flauto II, Clarinetto I, Clarinetto II, Fagotto I, Fagotto II, Corno I, Corno II, Clarino I, Clarino II, Timpani, Trombone di tenore, Trombone d'alto, Trombone di basso Druckpl.-Nr.: 351

Prolapse and sexual function 8 years after neovagina according to Shears: a study of 43 cases with Mayer-von Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

Introduction and hypothesis: To investigate sexual and anatomical outcome after Shears neovagina in patients with Mayer-von Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH). Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients with MRKH syndrome underwent surgery creating a neovagina according to Shears. Follow-up was 8years. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) as patient reported outcome; anatomical results were assessed measuring anterior, posterior and apical prolapse using the ICS Pelvic Organ Prolapse Score (ICS-POP Score). Pelvic floor contraction was measured applying the Oxford grading system. Results: Thirty-seven of the patients were regularly sexually active and filled in the FSFI; mean total FSFI was 27.2 (range 24-28). No significant prolapse of the neovagina was noted, 11 patients had a grade I cystocele, rectocele or apical descent that was asymptomatic. Oxford grading of the pelvic floor contraction was 4 in median (range 2-5). Conclusion: The neovagina according to Shears is a valuable surgical option with good sexual and anatomical outcome 8 years after therap

Speed, My Bark, O Gently Speed Thee

Speed, my Bark! O, gently speed thee,where so e\u27er the soft tides lead thee!O\u27er the silver stream careeringWhere the graceful Swan is veering,Speed, my Bark! O, gently speed thee,Where so e\u27er the soft tides lead thee! By the moonlight\u27s gracious beaming,By the golden stars\u27 bright gleaming,O! \u27tis sweet this course unaided,When the scorching day has faded!Speed, my Bark! O, gently speed thee,where so e\u27er the soft tides lead thee

Stormy Petrel

A thousand miles from Land are we,Tossing about on the roaring sea;Tossing about on the roaring Sea;From billow to bounding billow cast,Like fleecy snow on the stormy blast.The sails are scatter\u27d aboard, like weeds; The strong masts shake, the strong masts shake like quiv\u27ring reeds, like quiv\u27ring reeds,The masts shake like quiv\u27ring reeds: The mighty cables and iron chains,The hull which all earthly strength disains,They strain and they crack, they strain and they crack,They crack, they crack, they crack, they crack,and hearts like stone, and hearts like stone,Their natural, hard, proud strength disown,Their natural, hard, proud strength, their strength disown. Up and down! up and down! From the base of the wave to the billows crown,And amidst the flashing and feathery foam, the stormy Petrel finds a home, a home,A home, if such a place may be,for her who lives on the wide wide sea,On the craggy ice, in the frozen air,And only seeketh her rocky lair,To warm her young, to warm, to warm her young,and to teach them spring at once,at once o\u27er the waves on their stormy wing,on their stormy wing,And to teavh them spring o\u27er the waves... on their stormy wing. O\u27er the deep! o\u27er the deep!Where the whale, and the shark,and the swordfish sleep,Out flying the blast and the driving rain,The Petrel telleth her tale in vain,She telleth her tail in vain, in vain, She telleth her tail in vainFor the Mariner curseth the warning bird,That bringeth him news of the storms unheard. Ah thus doth the Prophet of good, of good or ill,Meet hate, meet hate from the creature he serveth stillYet he ne\u27er falters, yet. he ne\u27er falters.So, Petrel! spring once more o\u27er the waves,Spring once more on thy stormy wing;So, Petrel! spring once more o\u27er the waves on thy stormy wing;So, Petrel! spring once more, once more o\u27er the waves on thy stormy wing,on thy stormy wing,So, Petrel! spring once more, once more on thy stormy wing, on thy stormy wing,on thy stormy wing

Rapid in vivo forward genetic approach for identifying axon death genes in Drosophila

Axons damaged by acute injury, toxic insults, or neurodegenerative diseases execute a poorly defined autodestruction signaling pathway leading to widespread fragmentation and functional loss. Here, we describe an approach to study Wallerian degeneration in the Drosophila L1 wing vein that allows for analysis of axon degenerative phenotypes with single-axon resolution in vivo. This method allows for the axotomy of specific subsets of axons followed by examination of progressive axonal degeneration and debris clearance alongside uninjured control axons. We developed new Flippase (FLP) reagents using proneural gene promoters to drive FLP expression very early in neural lineages. These tools allow for the production of mosaic clone populations with high efficiency in sensory neurons in the wing. We describe a collection of lines optimized for forward genetic mosaic screens using MARCM (mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker; i.e., GFP-labeled, homozygous mutant) on all major autosomal arms ( approximately 95% of the fly genome). Finally, as a proof of principle we screened the X chromosome and identified a collection eight recessive and two dominant alleles of highwire, a ubiquitin E3 ligase required for axon degeneration. Similar unbiased forward genetic screens should help rapidly delineate axon death genes, thereby providing novel potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention to prevent axonal and synaptic loss

Perioperative Course and Socioeconomic Status Predict Long-Term Neurodevelopment Better Than Perioperative Conventional Neuroimaging in Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

The objective of the study was to compare the use of neonatal conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with that of clinical factors and socioeconomic status (SES) to predict long-term neurodevelopment in children with severe congenital heart disease (CHD). In this prospective cohort study, perioperative MRIs were acquired in 57 term-born infants with CHD undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery during their first year of life. Total brain volume (TBV) was measured using an automated method. Brain injury severity (BIS) was assessed by an established scoring system. The neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 6 years using standardized test batteries. A multiple linear regression model was used for cognitive and motor outcomes with postoperative TBV, perioperative BIS, CHD complexity, length of hospital stay, and SES as covariates. CHD diagnoses included univentricular heart defect (n = 15), transposition of the great arteries (n = 33), and acyanotic CHD (n = 9). Perioperative moderate-to-severe brain injury was detected in 15 (26%) patients. The total IQ was similar to test norms (P = .11), whereas the total motor score (P < .001) was lower. Neither postoperative TBV nor perioperative BIS predicted the total IQ, but SES (P < .001) and longer hospital stay (P = .004) did. No factor predicted the motor outcome. Although the predictive value of neonatal conventional MRIs for long-term neurodevelopment is low, duration of hospital stay and SES better predict the outcome in this CHD sample. These findings should be considered in initiating early therapeutic support