Wave polarizations for a beam-like gravitational wave in quadratic curvature gravity

We compute analytically the tidal field and polarizations of an exact gravitational wave generated by a cylindrical beam of null matter of finite width and length in quadratic curvature gravity. We propose that this wave can represent the gravitational wave that keep up with the high energy photons produced in a gamma ray burst (GRB) source.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, minor corrections, to appear in CQ

Manejo de irrigação através do balanço de água no solo.

Balanco de água no solo; Modelo simplificado de balanço de água em solo cultivados

Evaluation of different compositions of stimulating paste in a closed resin system in10-year-old Pinus elliottiivar. elliottii.

AbstractResin tapping is an activity that aims to extract resin from trees, and thususe this product industrially. The species most used for resin tapping in Brazil is Pinus elliottiivar, elliottii. The extracted resin is basically composed of rosin and turpentine, which are used by thechemical industry. Although the main resin processes currently used are well known, new systems must be tested, such as the closed system and new compositions of stimulating pastes. These new processes and the new compositions of stimulatingpastes can make the resintappingeven more efficient and profitable. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the effect on resin production withdifferentcompositions of stimulant pastes in resin extraction, in a closed "borehole" resin system,at differentcollection times, intrees from a population of 10-year-old Pinus elliottiivar. elliottiiplanted in Itapetininga, São Paulo. According to results, the effect of stimulating paste 4 (30% jasmonate, 4% naturoil and water) and paste 6 (30% jasmonate, 4% adhesive spreader and water) was evident in the highest production average resin per tree. Resin tappingin a closed process can be a good alternative for producers to better control the resin production system. The development of the chemical industry thatuses products derivedfrom resin and the growth of different markets, with considerable social, economic and environmental impacts, depends on future research and generation of technology for the production of resin and its derivatives. ResumoA resinagem é uma atividade que visa extrair a resina de árvores, e assim utilizar esse produto industrialmente. A espécie mais utilizada para resinagem no Brasil é o Pinus elliottiivar.elliottii. A resinaextraída é composta basicamente por breu e terebintina que são utilizados pela indústria química. Apesar de serem bem conhecidos os principais processos de resinagem utilizados atualmente, novos sistemas devem ser testados, como por exemplo, o sistema fechado e novascomposição de pastas estimulantes. Esses processos novos e a novas composições das pastas estimuladoras podem tornar a atividade da resinagem cada vez mais eficiente e rentável. Sendo assim, objetivamosavaliar o efeito na produção de resina comnovas composição de pastas estimulantes na extração de resina,em um sistema fechado de resinagem ?borehole?,em diferentes épocas de coleta, em árvores de uma população de Pinus elliottiivar. elliottiide 10 anos de idade plantadas em Itapetininga,SãoPaulo. De acordo com os resultados observados, ficou evidenciado o efeito da pasta estimuladora 4 (30% de jasmonato, 4% de naturóleo e água) e a pasta 6 (30% de jasmonato, 4% de espalhante adesivo e água), na maior produção média de resina por árvore.A produção de resina emum processo fechado pode ser uma boa alternativa para os produtores controlarem melhor o sistema produtivo de resina. O desenvolvimento da indústria química que utilizada produtos derivados da resina e o crescimento de diferentes mercados, com osconsideráveis impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais, depende de futuras pesquisas e geração de tecnologia para produção de resina e seus derivados. ResumenLa resinación es una actividad que tiene como objetivo extraer resina de losárboles, y así utilizar industrialmente este producto. La especie más utilizada para resinas en Brasil es Pinus elliottiivar. elliottii. La resina extraída está compuesta básicamente porcolofonia y trementina,que son utilizados por la industria química. Aunque los principales procesos de resinas utilizados actualmente son bien conocidos, se deben ensayar nuevos sistemas, como el sistema cerrado y nuevas composiciones de pastas estimulantes.Estos nuevos procesos y las nuevas composiciones de las pastas estimulantes pueden hacer que la actividad resinera sea aún más eficiente y rentable. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto sobre la producción de resina con nuevas composiciones de pastas estimulantes en la extracción de resina, en un sistema cerrado de resina "borehole", en diferentes tiempos de recolección, en árboles de una población de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii de 10 años plantada en Itapetininga, São Paulo. De acuerdocon los resultados observados, el efecto de la pasta estimulante 4 (30% jasmonato, 4% aceite natural y agua) y la pasta 6 (30% jasmonato, 4% esparcidor de adhesivo y agua) se evidenció en la mayor producción promedio de resina por árbol. La producciónderesina en unprocesocerrado puede ser una buena alternativa para que los productores controlen mejor el sistema de producción de resina. El desarrollo de la industria química que utiliza productos derivados de la resina y el crecimiento de diferentes mercados, con considerables impactos sociales, económicos y ambientales, depende de futuras investigaciones y generación de tecnología para la producción de resina y sus derivados

Quantum Griffiths effects and smeared phase transitions in metals: theory and experiment

In this paper, we review theoretical and experimental research on rare region effects at quantum phase transitions in disordered itinerant electron systems. After summarizing a few basic concepts about phase transitions in the presence of quenched randomness, we introduce the idea of rare regions and discuss their importance. We then analyze in detail the different phenomena that can arise at magnetic quantum phase transitions in disordered metals, including quantum Griffiths singularities, smeared phase transitions, and cluster-glass formation. For each scenario, we discuss the resulting phase diagram and summarize the behavior of various observables. We then review several recent experiments that provide examples of these rare region phenomena. We conclude by discussing limitations of current approaches and open questions.Comment: 31 pages, 7 eps figures included, v2: discussion of the dissipative Ising chain fixed, references added, v3: final version as publishe

The consequences of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor haploinsufficiency for bone quality and insulin resistance

Objective Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and insulin are key determinants of bone remodelling. Homozygous mutations in the GH-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) gene (GHRHR) are a frequent cause of genetic isolated GH deficiency (IGHD). Heterozygosity for GHRHR mutation causes changes in body composition and possibly an increase in insulin sensitivity, but its effects on bone quality are still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the bone quality and metabolism and its correlation with insulin sensitivity in subjects heterozygous for a null mutation in the GHRHR. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 76 normal subjects (68.4% females) (N/N) and 64 individuals (64.1% females) heterozygous for a mutation in the GHRHR (MUT/N). Anthropometric features, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel, bone markers [osteocalcin (OC) and CrossLaps], IGF-I, glucose and insulin were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) was calculated. Results There were no differences in age or height between the two groups, but weight (P = 0.007) and BMI (P = 0.001) were lower in MUT/N. There were no differences in serum levels of IGF-I, glucose, T-score or absolute values of stiffness and OC, but insulin (P = 0.01), HOMAIR (P = 0.01) and CrossLaps (P = 0.01) were lower in MUT/N. There was no correlation between OC and glucose, OC and HOMAIR in the 140 individuals as a whole or in the separate MUT/N or N/N groups. Conclusions This study suggests that one allele mutation in the GHRHR gene has a greater impact on energy metabolism than on bone quality.NIH, National Institutes of Health USA [1 R01 DK065718]FAPITEC/SE, BrazilCAPESFAEP

Growth of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) subjected to different soil water potentials : physiological indexes

A ervilha é cultivada no Brasil Central, durante o inverno seco, exigindo para o pleno êxito da cultura o uso da irrigação. Assim, o presente trabalho se propõe a avaliar os efeitos do potencial da água no solo nos índices fisiológicos da análise quantitativa de crescimento de plantas de ervilha (Pisum sativum L.). O experimento foi montado em casa de vegetação, em solos de textura argilosa, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos decorrentes de potenciais mínimos da água no solo (-33, -100, -200 e -1500 kPa) em três repetições, cada qual contendo duas plantas de ervilha, cultivar Caprice. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a redução do potencial água no solo, induziu o decréscimo na área foliar, sem interferir no comportamento da razão de massa foliar, razão de área foliar, taxa assimilatória líquida e taxa de crescimento relativo. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Peas are cultivated in the central region of Brazil, during the dry winter, demanding for the complete success the use of irrigation. Therefore, the present work has the aim of evaluating soil water potential effects on the indexes of physiological growth analysis of peas (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using soils of clayey texture, in a fully randomized design, with four treatments, based on minimum soil water potentials (-33, -100, -200 and -1500 kPa) in three replicates, each one containing two pea plants Caprice cultivar. The results obtained indicate that the reduction of soil water potential induced the decrease of leaf area, but did not interfer on the behaviour of leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate