Modification of the rotary machining process to improve surface form

Planing and moulding operations carried out within the woodworking industry make extensive use of rotary machining. Cutter-marks are produced on the timber surface which are generally accepted as unavoidable. More noticeable surface defects may be produced by such factors as cutter-head imbalance, and until recently most research has concentrated on removing these defects. When a high quality finish is required, a further machining operation, such as sanding, is often required to remove cutter-marks. What is required, is a modified machining process which combines a surface closer to the ideal fixed knife finish, whilst retaining the flexibility, practicality and cost effectiveness of rotary machining. [Continues.

Automatic gravure print feature determination at production speeds

This paper describes the development of a non-contact system for measuring the colour of printed material at web speeds, in addition to gravure-printed dot feature recognition. The system proposed uses a non-contact spectrophotometer based on a holographic grating, in conjunction with a conventional monochrome area scan camera, from which colour spectral data are extracted, while a xenon flash is used to illuminate colour samples. Dot features are captured by a magnification lens, in conjunction with a progressive scan camera. Software and hardware details of the system are given, together with the underlying mathematics for colour space conversion and measurement. Conversion equations from X, Y, Z chromaticity coordinates to the RGB system are presented, and also equations to convert from the L*a*b* colour space to X, Y, Z chromaticity coordinates. Experimental results are presented whereby the non-contact spectral system is shown to perform to a colour tolerance exceeding that of conventional colour video systems, and where performance of the dot feature system is comparable with traditional static examination methods using a microscope

Machine vision in conjunction with a knowledge-based system for semi-automatic control of a gravure printing process

This paper describes the work carried out to produce an automated print inspection system, which was developed on a gravure printing press within the wall-covering printing industry. The project aim was to produce a system that could continuously monitor the gravure printing process, by examining printed material using machine vision, and then by using a fuzzy knowledgebased system to interpret the machine vision system output and to make recommendations to an operator as to how to correct the process with simple text-based suggestions, avoiding printing of scrap material

Additional file 10: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Classes of transposon and repeat found in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium venenatum. (XLS 37 kb

Additional file 15: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Paralogue protein groups in Fusarium venenatum. Some groups show adjacent (neighbour) groupings representing recent duplications, whilst others represent near neighbours (< 40 genes) and others more distant duplications (> 100 genes). (XLS 38 kb

Additional file 2: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Co-inoculation of F. venenatum with plant-pathogenic Fusaria in vitro and in vivo. (A) Carrot agar plate inoculated with agar plugs of strains Fv A3/5, two isolates of Fg (PH1 and 602), and Fc UK99. A barrage line between strains is visible at day 6. (B) F. culmorum and F. venenatum spores where mixed in equal amounts and co-inoculated into two spikelets at anthesis. As a control, water was inoculated (C) F. venenatum spores were sprayed onto wheat heads at the booting stage to potentially prime plant defence responses, followed by point-inoculation with F. culmorum spores of two heads per spike" should be "two spikelets per head at anthesis. (D) Wheat plants were treated as in C. Just after inoculaton with F. culmorum, wheat heads were sprayed once more with F. venenatum spores until run-off. Error bars show standard deviation, n = 6. (PDF 111 kb

Additional file 8: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Comparative statistics on the number of coding and non-coding gene models predicted in the Fusarium venenatum (Fv) and F. graminearum (Fg) genomes. (XLS 29 kb

Additional file 5: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Comparative genomic analysis of the Fusarium venenatum genome with other fungi. This reveals close similarity to the pathogenic species F. graminearum and F. pseudograminearum. (XLS 37 kb

Additional file 19: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

Annotation of Fusarium venenatum and Fusarium graminearum secretomes (A) reveals striking similar functional profiles. The enzymatic repertoire of F. venenatum and F. graminearum including secreted enzymes (B) and species-specific secreted enzymes (C). (TIFF 83 kb

Additional file 21: of Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum

BLASTP analysis of both Fusarium venenatum and F. graminearum proteomes against PHI-base v4.3. (XLS 2317 kb