A CONVERSATION ON INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN WITH ROBERT GAGNÉ AND DAVID MERRILL NO:1

The purpose of the study is to bring in the first part of diachronic conversation on instructional design with Robert Gagné and David Merrill to transcripts. This conversation was hosted by Utah State University, in the United States of America, in July 10, 1989. Throughout the history of instructional design, these two scientists are considered as the pioneers of the field and in these sessions, they summarize and compare their studies. In the first session, Gagné and Merrill represent their theories from their own perspectives. Links to the other parts:A CONVERSATION ON INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN WITH ROBERT GAGNÉ AND DAVID MERRILL NO:2A CONVERSATION ON INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN WITH ROBERT GAGNÉ AND DAVID MERRILL NO:3  Article visualizations

The effects of anemia in pregnancy on the mode of delivery and newborn

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anemia in pregnancy on the mode of delivery and new-born. Methods: Between June and October 2009, 307 pregnant women were evaluated in terms of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values, and delivery mode retrospectively. And also, the first and fifth minute Apgar scores, birth weight, and the values of Hb, Hct, and bilirubin, which obtained from the cord blood of neonates, were analyzed. Pregnant women were divided into two groups and classified as: hemoglobin value under 11.1 g / dl as anemic and the others as non-anemic group. In addition, the anemic group were divided into three group in terms of hemoglobin value, as follows: Group 1: 10.1 -11 mg/dl, group 2: 9.1 - 10 mg/dl, and group 3: <9 mg/dl. Results: In the study, 146 pregnants were anemic, while the 161 were non-anemic. The rate of low birth weight neonates was significantly higher in anemic pregnant women (p=0.029). The values of Hb (p=0.026) and Htc (p=0.006) were found to be lower in the anemic pregnant’ neonates. The incidence of low birth weight was significant increased when the maternal Hb value was smaller than 10g/dl (62.5% sensitivity, 74.7% specificity). Conclusion: It is observed that the low birth weight and the low values of Hb and Hct were more common in anemic pregnant neonates. Therefore, anemia should be screened and treated during the pregnancy due to the potential negative consequences

Effect of circular plates placed in the hot water storage tank on thermal stratification

&lt;!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3 {margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} p.zetmetni, li.zetmetni, div.zetmetni {mso-style-name:"&Ouml;zet metni"; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-style:italic; mso-bidi-font-style:normal;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --&gt; Silindirik sıcak su depolama tankı i&ccedil;erisine dairesel plakanın f/H ve g/D oranlarında yerleştirilmesinin ısıl tabakalaşma &uuml;zerine etkisi sayısal ve deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Silindirik sıcak su depolama tankı modelleri, ortasına g/D oranlarında delik a&ccedil;ılmış dairesel plakaların f/H oranlarında tank i&ccedil;erisine yerleştirilmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. Depolama tankının i&ccedil;erisine yerleştirilen dairesel plakalar ile tankın &uuml;st kısmındaki sıcak su ile alt kısmındaki soğuk suyun birbirleri ile karışması &ouml;nlenmiş ve tank i&ccedil;erisinde bulunan sıcak suyun ısıl tabakası korunmuştur. Burada H ve D sırası ile tankın y&uuml;ksekliği ve &ccedil;apı, f tankın taban y&uuml;zeyinden dairesel plakaya olan mesafe ve g ise dairesel plakaya a&ccedil;ılan deliğin &ccedil;apıdır. Isı depolamak i&ccedil;in kullanılan sıcak su depolama tankı g&uuml;neş enerjisi uygulamaları i&ccedil;in d&uuml;ş&uuml;n&uuml;lm&uuml;şt&uuml;r. Fakat bu &ccedil;alışmada suyun ısıtılması işlemi g&uuml;neş enerjisi ile değil de, ısıtma tankında bulunan elektrikli ısıtıcı ile yapılmıştır. Bu analiz s&uuml;reklilik, momentum ve enerji eşitliklerinin &uuml;&ccedil; boyutlu zamana bağlı durumu dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Sayısal &ccedil;alışmanın ge&ccedil;erliliği deneysel olarak da ispatlanmıştır. Sayısal sonu&ccedil;ların elde edilmesinde FLUENT paket programı kullanılmıştır. Tank i&ccedil;erisindeki sıcaklık değerlerinin g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;, sıcaklık ve sıcaklık farkı dağılımları, &ccedil;eşitli f/H ve g/D oranlarında ve zamana bağlı olarak şekiller ve grafikler &uuml;zerinde g&ouml;sterilmiştir. Sonu&ccedil;lar; tank i&ccedil;erisine yerleştirilen dairesel plakanın ısıl tabakalaşmayı iyileştirdiğini ve bunun sonucunda da, engelsiz tank durumuna g&ouml;re, tanktan sağlanan kullanım suyu sıcaklığını arttırdığını g&ouml;stermektedir. En iyi ısıl tabakalaşma dairesel plakanın tank i&ccedil;erisine g/D=0.2 ve f/H=0.133 oranlarında yerleştirilmesi durumunda elde edilmiştir. &nbsp; Anahtar Kelimeler: Depolama tankı, ısıl tabakalaşma, dairesel plaka. &nbsp;In this study, effect of f/H and g/D ratios of circular plates placed in a cylindrical hot water storage tank on thermal stratification is investigated numerically and experimentally. The tank model is designed by placing a circular plate in the tank with a hole in the center at f/H and g/D ratios. Here H and D are the height and diameter of the tank respectively, while f is the distance from the bottom surface of the tank to the circular plates and g is also the diameter of the hole on the plates. This cylindrical hot water storage tank used to store heat for solar collector application is considered. The most commonly use of solar energy is the solar collector used for water heating. A hot water tank is used for storing part of the solar energy collected by the solar collector for later use. But in this study, the water remaining in the storage tank is heated by the heater tank with an electrical heater placed inside.  As soon as hot water is drawn from the tank, cold tap water flows into the tank mixing with the remaining hot water, and therefore lowering the water temperature in the tank. This is an undesirable result. In this study, a solar hot water storage tank with a circular plate placed inside is considered and optimum plate dimensions are searched to minimize the mixing of hot and cold water so that water may be supplied at higher temperatures. This analysis is based on unsteady, three- dimensional continuity, momentum and energy equations. The governing equations are used to determine the temperature and velocity distributions in the flow field by using boundary and initial conditions. The thermodynamic properties of the water are considered in this study. The velocity is assumed to be zero at the beginning. The operation pressure in the tank is taken 1 atmosphere and the hot water temperature is assumed to be 335 K when the water usage started. The temperature and velocity of water supplied by the heater tank are taken 335 K and 0.8 m/s and these of cold tap water entering the tank are taken 290 K and 0.6 m/s, respectively. The time between the water is started to be used and the water usage was finished is assumed as calculation region. This time is taken as 30 minute and the problem was solved unsteady. The velocity and temperature distributions inside the tank were obtained by using FLUENT computer code. Three dimensional unsteady solutions are taken by using implicit method in segregated solver. The discretization is achieved by using Standard method for pressure and by using first upwind method for momentum, energy and continuity equations. The SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm was used for flow calculations. A numerical investigation of optimizing dimensions of a plate placed in a hot water tank for thermal stratification is performed. A first observation of temperature distributions in the tank indicates that placing plate in the tank improves thermal stratification compared with no plate case. It appears that increasing f/H ratio increases temperature of stratified region whereas decreasing the volume of this region. In another words, increasing f/H decreases the amount hot water that can be taken from the tank. Increasing g/D ratio decreases the temperature of stratified region, and therefore, smaller values of g/D are desirable Temperature distributions in the tank, water temperature supplied by the tank, water temperature going to collector, various water temperature differences between tank outlet and inlet and appearance of the temperature values in the tank are shown on the graphs and figures for various f/H and g/D ratios and according to time. For higher thermal stratification, the temperatures T3 and T2 should be high and T1 should be low. In another words, the differences T3-T1 and T2-T1 should be as high as possible. An investigation of effects of g/D and f/H ratios of plate dimensions on these temperature differences shows that the best thermal stratification can be obtained for a g/D ratio of 0.2 and an f/H ratio of 0.133 among considered cases. Using circular plates in hot water storage tanks improves thermal stratification in the tank and consequently increases the temperature of hot water supplied by the tank. It also decreases the temperature of water supplied to the collector, and thus improving collector efficiency.   Keywords: Storage tank, thermal stratification, circular plate

The problems during choice of profession and comparison of these problems with anxiety and depression in final year of high school students

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between prevalence of anxiety, depressive disorder symptoms and some sociodemographic variables in the final year of high-school students, secondly to determine the socio-economic and cultural factors which affect choosing professions among the high school senior students in the province of Van. Methods: In this context, the study was performed in the provincial center of Van in the second semester of 2011. Unpaired t test and one way Anova test were used for statistical analysis. Socio-demographic Information Form, Awareness of Career Choice Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to a total of 412 students. Results: In this study BAI and BDI scores were 15.4±13.3 and 15.3±12.8 respectively. BAI scores of the students in Anatolian high school were found higher than the normal high school. Both the anxiety and depressive levels of female students were higher than the males. The mean age was 16,8 years, 73.8% of whom were male. In 58% of the students’ BAI point, in 66% BDI point were higher than 41; and in 37% BDI point were higher than 17. Female students had higher BAI points. There was a positive correlation between BAI and BDI points. Conclusion: It was noticed in our study that the great amount of anxiety discovered in last grade high school students affect. The student’s job choice negatively. We think that providing last grade high school students with guidance service about job selection will be useful

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-2-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one

A novel chalcone, C20H20O, derived from benzylidenetetralone, was synthesized via Claissen-Schmidt condensation between tetralone and 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzaldehyde. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds, producing R-2(2)(20) and R-2(4)(12) ring motifs. In addition, weak C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi-stacking interactions are observed. The intermolecular interactions were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H center dot center dot center dot H (66.0%), H center dot center dot center dot C/C center dot center dot center dot H (22.3%), H center dot center dot center dot O/O center dot center dot center dot H (9.3%), and C center dot center dot center dot C (2.4%) interactions. Shape-index plots show pi-pi stacking interactions and the curvedness plots show flat surface patches characteristic of planar stacking

Patient Characteristics and Frequent Localizations of Rhinoliths

Objective:A rhinolith is a rare entity affecting all people in all age groups. It is defined as a mineralized foreign body. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the distribution in age and gender and the localization, side, and prominent symptoms of rhinoliths to identify the risk groups and characteristics of the rhinoliths in a large case series.Methods:A retrospective review was performed from the medical charts of 28 patients who were diagnosed with rhinolith and underwent surgery between May 2011 and January 2015 in Ankara Research and Training Hospital. All data, including age, gender, duration of symptoms, localization of the lesion and accompanying pathologies, were documented.Results:In total, 28 patients (18 females and 10 males) with a mean age of 26.2±16.6 (5-62) years who were diagnosed with rhinolithiasis were reviewed. Nasal obstruction (71.4%) and nasal discharge (64.3%) were the most common complaints. The rhinolith was located in the right nasal cavity in 24 patients and in the left in four; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). There were 11 accompanying pathologies including nasal septal deviation (n=6), nasal polyposis (n=2), concha bullosa (n=2), and adenoid vegetation (n=1). In 21 (75%) patients, the most common site was the nasal base of the cavity between the inferior turbinate and the nasal septum.Conclusion:If unilateral right-sided nasal obstruction with foul-smelling purulent discharge is detected in a young adult and a nasal examination reveals a mass in the floor of the cavity, a rhinolith should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis

Evaluation of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in the Adolescents Pregnancy

Objective: In this study, our aim is to compare discussing maternal and fetal problems non-adolescent pregnancy with maternal and fetal problems in adolescent pregnancy that seen in hospital. Methods: 15-19 years of age (50 patients) and 20-23 years (96 patients) who gave birth at the Gynaecologi­cal and Obstetric Clinic under the Faculty of Medicine of Dicle University between January 2015-October 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Age at birth, parity, blood pressure, pulse, gestational age, complications at birth, cesarean section indications, maternal biochemical pa­rameters, patients with preeclampsia and preterm birth, maternal and fetal complications were recorded. Results: Total number of births between January 2015- October 2015 were 1715 patients in our clinic. 62 of them (3.6%) were observed in the adolescent group. Maternal blood transfusion needs were found to be significantly higher in the adolescent group (p=0.004). Fetal abnor­malities and fetal intensive care needs were found to be significantly higher in the adolescent group (p=0.014, p=0.018). Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancies were high-risk pregnancies in terms of maternal anemia and blood transfusion requirements and because of adverse perina­tal outcomes. Therefore, to reduce the adolescent preg­nancy and to minimize perinatal complications should be done more extensive studies

The Effect of Curcumin on the Prevention of Myringosclerosis in Rats

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the preventative effect of oral curcumin (CMN) on myringosclerosis (MS) in an experimental rat model.Methods:The study included 21 female Wistar albino rats randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 was given no treatment (control group). In Group 2 and Group 3, the tympanic membrane (TM) was perforated using a sterile ear pick. The rats in Group 3 were administered oral CMN 200 mg/kg/day. All rats were sacrificed after 16 days. Otomicroscopic and histopathologic examinations were performed on the tympanic membranes.Results:Histopathologic examinations revealed that there were statistically significant differences between Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of MS degrees (p<0.001) and mean thicknesses of TMs (p<0.001), but there were no differences between Group 1 and Group 3. In respect of MS detected by otomicroscopy, a statistically significant difference was determined between Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3 (p=0.575).Conclusion:Orally administered CMN can prevent myringosclerosis formation in experimentally induced myringotomies

Concurrent Assay for Four Bacterial Species Including Alloiococcus Otitidis in Middle Ear, Nasopharynx and Tonsils of Children with Otitis Media with Effusion: A Preliminary Report

ObjectivesTo detect the prevalences of Alloiococcus otitidis, as well as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and to simultaneously investigate the colonization of these bacteria in the nasopharynx and palatine tonsils of these patients.MethodsThe study included 34 pediatric patients with OME, and 15 controls without OME. In the study group, A. otitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis were investigated in the samples obtained from middle ear effusions (MEE), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and tonsillar swabs (TS), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culture methods. Only the samples obtained from NPS and TS were studied with the same techniques in the control group.ResultsA. otitidis was isolated only in MEE and only with multiplex PCR method. A. otitidis, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae were identified in 35%, 8.8%, 8.8%, and 2.9%, respectively, in 34 MEE. A. otitidis was not isolated in NPS or TS of the study and the control groups.ConclusionThe prevalence of A.otitidis is high in children with OME and A.otitidis doesn't colonize in the nasopharynx or tonsil

Growth possibility of new soybean lines as double crop in Amik Plain

Çukurova Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından geliştirilen 13 soya hattı ve 2 ticari çeşidin Amik ovasında buğday hasadından sonra ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilebilme olanakları 2000 - 2001 yılları arasında yürütülen iki yıllık bir araştırmada belirlenmiştir. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamak olarak Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Telkaliş araştırma alanında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada bitki boyu, ilk meyve yüksekliği, bitki başına dal sayısı, bitki başına bakla sayısı, bitki başına tohum sayısı ve dekara tohum verimi değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın birinci yılında tohum verimi değerleri 218.4 ile 367.7 kg/da arasında değişmiş olup en yüksek değer ÇTA1530 hattından en düşük değer ise ÇTA761 hattından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci yılında ise tohum verimleri 150.8 ile 263.5 kg/da arasında değişmiş en yüksek değer ÇTA825 hattından en düşük değer ise yine ÇTA761 hattından elde edilmiştir. ÇTA1530, ÇTA825, ÇTA963, ÇTA780 ve ÇTA851 hatlarının Amik ovasında ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilebilecek çeşit adayları olabileceği saptanmıştır.Mediterranean region of Turkey has 70 to 110 days of growing period that remain after small grain harvest are enough to grow double crop soybean. Over 90 percent of the soybean production has been practiced as double crop in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Growth possibility of 13 soybean lines, developed by &Ccedil;ukurova Agricultural Research Institute, and 2 commercial cultivars were sown after wheat harvest as double crop at Mustafa Kemal University, Telkalis Research Field in 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Plant height, the lowest pod height, branch number/plant, pod number/plant, seed number/plant and seed yield were determined. Seed yields of soybean lines and cultivars varied between 2184 and 3677 kg/ha in the first year of the study. In the second year, seed yield of lines and cultivars varied between 1508 and 2635 kg/ha. The highest seed yield was obtained from CTA1530 and &Ccedil;TA825 lines in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The lowest seed yield was obtained from &Ccedil;TA761 in both years. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the lowest pod height, node number, pod number and seed number. It was determined that CTA1530, CTA825, CTA963, CTA780 and CTA851 could be cultivar candidates for double crop soybean production in Amik plain