Eficacia diferencial de dos formas de aplicar las tareas para casa en el tratamiento de los Trastornos Adaptativos. Terapia Emocional On line vs. formato tradicional

Introducción. Los Trastornos Adaptativos (TA) son un importante problema de salud pública. Un componente central en la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) es la asignación de tareas para casa, sin embargo, no existen estudios que utilicen las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para aplicar este componente terapéutico. teo (Terapia Emocional On line) es un sistema web que permite crear y enviar material terapéutico personalizado a los pacientes vía Internet. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el estudio controlado que se realizará, en el que se comparará la eficacia y eficiencia diferencial de dos formas de aplicar las tareas para casa. Método. Se utilizará un diseño entre grupos con dos condiciones experimentales: 1) las tareas para casa serán aplicadas mediante el sistema TEO; 2) tareas para casa serán aplicadas de forma tradicional (lecturas, audios de las sesiones grabadas). Cuarenta personas con diagnóstico de TA recibirán 6-8 sesiones de TCC y se evaluará la autoeficacia para superar el problema, el estado de ánimo, así como, las expectativas, la opinión y la satisfacción de ambos formatos de aplicación de las tareas para casa. Resultados. Se espera que la condición que utilice teo se muestre igual de eficaz, y más eficiente que la condición que aplique las tareas para casa de forma tradicional. Además, será mejor valorada por los pacientes y por los terapeutas. Discusión. Un sistema como TEO puede facilitar el trabajo del terapeuta en la asignación de tareas para casa, y aumentar la adherencia del paciente al tratamiento.Introduction. Adjustment disorders (AD) are an important public health problem. Cognitive- behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach gives a crucial role to homework assignments, however, no study is available that uses the Information and Communication Technologies to apply this therapeutic component. TEO (Online Emotional Therapy) is a Web based system that allows creating personalized therapeutic material to present to the patient over the Internet. The aim of this work is present the controlled study that will be conducted, which we will compare the effectiveness and efficiency differential of two ways to apply the homework assignments. Method. We will use a between-group design with two experimental conditions; 1) Homework assignments will be applied using TEO system; 2) Homework assignments will be applied in the traditional way (reading materials, session audio record). 40 people diagnosed with TA will receive 6-8 CBT sessions and the efficacy to overcome the problem, the mood state and the expectations, opinion and satisfaction with both modalities of applying homework assignments will be assessed. Results. We expect that TEO condition will be equally effective and more efficient than the condition which applies homework assignments in the traditional way. In addition, it will better valued by patients and therapists. Discussion. A system like TEO can facilitate the therapist’s work in designing homework assignments and the patient’s treatment adherence

Melon Genetic Resources Characterization for Rind Volatile Profile

[EN] A melon core collection was analyzed for rind volatile compounds as, despite the fact that they are scarcely studied, these compounds play an important role in consumer preferences. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry allowed the detection of 171 volatiles. The high volatile diversity found was analyzed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), giving rise to two major clusters of accessions. The first cluster included climacteric and aromatic types such as Cantalupensis, Ameri, Dudaim and Momordica, rich in esters; the second one mainly included non-climacteric non-aromatic types such as Inodorus, Flexuosus, Acidulus, Conomon and wild Agrestis, with low volatiles content, specifically affecting esters. Many interesting accessions were identified, with different combinations of aroma profiles for rind and flesh, such as Spanish Inodorus landraces with low aroma flesh but rind levels of esters similar to those in climacteric Cantalupensis, exotic accessions sharing high contents of specific compounds responsible for the unique aroma of Dudaim melons or wild Agrestis with unexpected high content of some esters. Sesquiterpenes were present in rinds of some Asian Ameri and Momordica landraces, and discriminate groups of cultivars (sesquiterpene-rich/-poor) within each of the two most commercial melon horticultural groups (Cantalupensis and Inodorus), suggesting that the Asian germplasm is in the origin of specific current varieties or that this feature has been introgressed more recently from Asian sources. This rind characterization will encourage future efforts for breeding melon quality as many of the characterized landraces and wild accessions have been underexploited.This work was supported by ERA-PG project (MELRIP: GEN2006-27773-C2-2-E), Plant KBBE project (SAFQIM: PIM2010PKB-00691), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R (jointly funded by FEDER), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, cofunded with FEDER funds (Project No. AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R), by PROMETEO project 2017/078 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana) and partly by GV/2020/025 by the Conselleria de Innovacion, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad digital. J.L. Rambla is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through a "Juan de la Cierva-Formacion" grant (FJCI-2016-28601).Esteras Gómez, C.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Sánchez, G.; Granell Richart, A.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2020). Melon Genetic Resources Characterization for Rind Volatile Profile. Agronomy. 10:1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101512S11810Burger, Y., Sa’ar, U., Paris, H., Lewinsohn, E., Katzir, N., Tadmor, Y., & Schaffer, A. (2006). Genetic variability for valuable fruit quality traits in Cucumis melo. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 54(3), 233-242. doi:10.1560/ijps_54_3_233Moing, A., Allwood, J. W., Aharoni, A., Baker, J., Beale, M. H., Ben-Dor, S., … Schaffer, A. A. (2020). Comparative Metabolomics and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae) Biodiversity. Metabolites, 10(3), 121. doi:10.3390/metabo10030121Nee, M., & Kirkbride, J. H. (1994). Biosystematic Monograph of the Genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae)-Botanical Identification of Cucumbers and Melons. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 121(3), 300. doi:10.2307/2997187Bernillon, S., Biais, B., Deborde, C., Maucourt, M., Cabasson, C., Gibon, Y., … Moing, A. (2012). Metabolomic and elemental profiling of melon fruit quality as affected by genotype and environment. Metabolomics, 9(1), 57-77. doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0429-1Aubert, C., & Bourger, N. (2004). Investigation of Volatiles in Charentais Cantaloupe Melons (Cucumis melo Var. cantalupensis). Characterization of Aroma Constituents in Some Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(14), 4522-4528. doi:10.1021/jf049777sObando-Ulloa, J. M., Ruiz, J., Monforte, A. J., & Fernández-Trujillo, J. P. (2010). Aroma profile of a collection of near-isogenic lines of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Food Chemistry, 118(3), 815-822. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.068Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Ziino, M., Lanza, C. M., & Mazzaglia, A. (2010). Fast Quantitative Determination of Aroma Volatile Constituents in Melon Fruits by Headspace–Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Food Analytical Methods, 4(2), 141-149. doi:10.1007/s12161-010-9159-zCondurso, C., Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Crinò, P., Paratore, A., & Romano, D. (2012). Effects of different rootstocks on aroma volatile compounds and carotenoid content of melon fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 9-16. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.015Escribano, S., & Lázaro, A. (2012). Sensorial characteristics of Spanish traditional melon genotypes: has the flavor of melon changed in the last century? European Food Research and Technology, 234(4), 581-592. doi:10.1007/s00217-012-1661-7Pang, X., Chen, D., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., & Wu, J. (2012). Verification of Aroma Profiles of Jiashi Muskmelon Juice Characterized by Odor Activity Value and Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry/Detection Frequency Analysis: Aroma Reconstitution Experiments and Omission Tests. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(42), 10426-10432. doi:10.1021/jf302373gVallone, S., Sivertsen, H., Anthon, G. E., Barrett, D. M., Mitcham, E. J., Ebeler, S. E., & Zakharov, F. (2013). An integrated approach for flavour quality evaluation in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) during ripening. Food Chemistry, 139(1-4), 171-183. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.042BAI, X., TENG, L., LÜ, D., & QI, H. (2014). Co-Treatment of EFF and 1-MCP for Enhancing the Shelf-Life and Aroma Volatile Compounds of Oriental Sweet Melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(1), 217-227. doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60372-xChen, H., Cao, S., Jin, Y., Tang, Y., & Qi, H. (2016). The Relationship between CmADHs and the Diversity of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Aroma Types of Melon (Cucumis melo). Frontiers in Physiology, 7. doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00254Gonda, I., Lev, S., Bar, E., Sikron, N., Portnoy, V., Davidovich-Rikanati, R., … Lewinsohn, E. (2013). Catabolism ofl-methionine in the formation of sulfur and other volatiles in melon (Cucumis meloL.) fruit. The Plant Journal, 74(3), 458-472. doi:10.1111/tpj.12149Freilich, S., Lev, S., Gonda, I., Reuveni, E., Portnoy, V., Oren, E., … Katzir, N. (2015). Systems approach for exploring the intricate associations between sweetness, color and aroma in melon fruits. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0449-xGonda, I., Davidovich-Rikanati, R., Bar, E., Lev, S., Jhirad, P., Meshulam, Y., … Lewinsohn, E. (2018). Differential metabolism of L–phenylalanine in the formation of aromatic volatiles in melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. Phytochemistry, 148, 122-131. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.018Galpaz, N., Gonda, I., Shem‐Tov, D., Barad, O., Tzuri, G., Lev, S., … Katzir, N. (2018). Deciphering genetic factors that determine melon fruit‐quality traits using RNA ‐Seq‐based high‐resolution QTL and eQTL mapping. The Plant Journal, 94(1), 169-191. doi:10.1111/tpj.13838Feder, A., Jiao, C., Galpaz, N., Vrebalov, J., Xu, Y., Portnoy, V., … Giovannoni, J. J. (2020). Melon ethylene-mediated transcriptome and methylome dynamics provide insights to volatile production. doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.923284El-Sharkawy, I., Manríquez, D., Flores, F. B., Regad, F., Bouzayen, M., Latché, A., & Pech, J.-C. (2005). Functional Characterization of a Melon Alcohol Acyl-transferase Gene Family Involved in the Biosynthesis of Ester Volatiles. Identification of the Crucial Role of a Threonine Residue for Enzyme Activity*. Plant Molecular Biology, 59(2), 345-362. doi:10.1007/s11103-005-8884-yPerry, P. L., Wang, Y., & Lin, J. (2009). Analysis of honeydew melon (Cucumis melovar.inodorus) flavour and GC-MS/MS identification of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienyl acetate. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 24(6), 341-347. doi:10.1002/ffj.1947Rodríguez-Pérez, C., Quirantes-Piné, R., Fernández-Gutiérrez, A., & Segura-Carretero, A. (2013). Comparative characterization of phenolic and other polar compounds in Spanish melon cultivars by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Food Research International, 54(2), 1519-1527. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.011Allwood, J. W., Cheung, W., Xu, Y., Mumm, R., De Vos, R. C. H., Deborde, C., … Goodacre, R. (2014). Metabolomics in melon: A new opportunity for aroma analysis. Phytochemistry, 99, 61-72. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.010Portnoy, V., Benyamini, Y., Bar, E., Harel-Beja, R., Gepstein, S., Giovannoni, J. J., … Katzir, N. (2008). The molecular and biochemical basis for varietal variation in sesquiterpene content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) rinds. Plant Molecular Biology, 66(6), 647-661. doi:10.1007/s11103-008-9296-6Esteras, C., Formisano, G., Roig, C., Díaz, A., Blanca, J., Garcia-Mas, J., … Picó, B. (2013). SNP genotyping in melons: genetic variation, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(5), 1285-1303. doi:10.1007/s00122-013-2053-5Leida, C., Moser, C., Esteras, C., Sulpice, R., Lunn, J. E., de Langen, F., … Picó, B. (2015). Variability of candidate genes, genetic structure and association with sugar accumulation and climacteric behavior in a broad germplasm collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genetics, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0183-2Sánchez, G., Martínez, J., Romeu, J., García, J., Monforte, A. J., Badenes, M. L., & Granell, A. (2014). The peach volatilome modularity is reflected at the genetic and environmental response levels in a QTL mapping population. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1), 137. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-137Sánchez, G., Besada, C., Badenes, M. L., Monforte, A. J., & Granell, A. (2012). A Non-Targeted Approach Unravels the Volatile Network in Peach Fruit. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38992. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038992Zorrilla-Fontanesi, Y., Rambla, J.-L., Cabeza, A., Medina, J. J., Sánchez-Sevilla, J. F., Valpuesta, V., … Amaya, I. (2012). Genetic Analysis of Strawberry Fruit Aroma and Identification of O-Methyltransferase FaOMT as the Locus Controlling Natural Variation in Mesifurane Content      . Plant Physiology, 159(2), 851-870. doi:10.1104/pp.111.188318Rambla, J. L., Medina, A., Fernández-del-Carmen, A., Barrantes, W., Grandillo, S., Cammareri, M., … Granell, A. (2016). Identification, introgression, and validation of fruit volatile QTLs from a red-fruited wild tomato species. Journal of Experimental Botany, erw455. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw455Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Condurso, C., Crinò, P., Romano, D., … Paratore, A. (2014). Aroma and sensory quality of honeydew melon fruits (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.) in relation to different rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 169, 118-124. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.02.008López, C., Ferriol, M., & Picó, M. B. (2015). Mechanical transmission of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus to cucurbit germplasm: selection of tolerance sources in Cucumis melo. Euphytica, 204(3), 679-691. doi:10.1007/s10681-015-1371-xSharon-Asa, L., Shalit, M., Frydman, A., Bar, E., Holland, D., Or, E., … Eyal, Y. (2003). Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1 , a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene. The Plant Journal, 36(5), 664-674. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01910.xPechous, S. W., & Whitaker, B. D. (2004). Cloning and functional expression of an ( E , E )-a-farnesene synthase cDNA from peel tissue of apple fruit. Planta, 219(1), 84-94. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1191-4MARUYAMA, T., ITO, M., & HONDA, G. (2001). Molecular Cloning, Functional Expression and Characterization of (E)-.BETA.-Farnesene Synthase from Citrus junos. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 24(10), 1171-1175. doi:10.1248/bpb.24.1171Lourenço, A. M., Haddi, K., Ribeiro, B. M., Corrêia, R. F. T., Tomé, H. V. V., Santos-Amaya, O., … Aguiar, R. W. S. (2018). Essential oil of Siparuna guianensis as an alternative tool for improved lepidopteran control and resistance management practices. Scientific Reports, 8(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25721-0Monforte, A. J., Garcia-Mas, J., & Arus, P. (2003). Genetic variability in melon based on microsatellite variation. Plant Breeding, 122(2), 153-157. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00848.xBlanca, J., Esteras, C., Ziarsolo, P., Pérez, D., Fernández-Pedrosa, V., Collado, C., … Picó, B. (2012). Transcriptome sequencing for SNP discovery across Cucumis melo. BMC Genomics, 13(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-280Zhao, G., Lian, Q., Zhang, Z., Fu, Q., He, Y., Ma, S., … Huang, S. (2019). A comprehensive genome variation map of melon identifies multiple domestication events and loci influencing agronomic traits. Nature Genetics, 51(11), 1607-1615. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0522-8Gonzalo, M. J., Díaz, A., Dhillon, N. P. S., Reddy, U. K., Picó, B., & Monforte, A. J. (2019). Re-evaluation of the role of Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. BMC Genomics, 20(1). doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5784-0Atkinson, R. G. (2016). Phenylpropenes: Occurrence, Distribution, and Biosynthesis in Fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(10), 2259-2272. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04696Castro, G., Perpiñá, G., Monforte, A. J., Picó, B., & Esteras, C. (2019). New melon introgression lines in a Piel de Sapo genetic background with desirable agronomical traits from dudaim melons. Euphytica, 215(10). doi:10.1007/s10681-019-2479-

Combination of Caloric Restriction and a Mixed Training Protocol as an Effective Strategy to Counteract the Deleterious Effects in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Caused by a Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats

The association of obesity with changes in bone mass is not clear. Obese individuals tend to have an increased bone mineral density, but other studies have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for fractures. The mechanisms of bone response during a weight loss therapy as well as the possible osteoprotective effect of exercise should be analyzed. The aim of this study was to test the effects of a weight-loss program based on the combination of caloric restriction and/or a mixed training protocol on different parameters of bone morphology and functionality in a DIO rat model. Three stages were established over a 21-week period (obesity induction 0–12 w, weight loss intervention 12–15 w, weight maintenance intervention 15–21 w) in 88 male Sprague Dawley rats. Bone microarchitecture, total mineral and elemental composition, and bone metabolism parameters were assessed. Weight loss interventions were associated to healthy changes in body composition, decreasing body fat and increasing lean body mass. On the other hand, obesity was related to a higher content of bone resorption and inflammatory markers, which was decreased by the weight control interventions. Caloric restriction led to marked changes in trabecular microarchitecture, with a significant decrease in total volume but no changes in bone volume (BV). In addition, the intervention diet caused an increase in trabeculae number and a decrease in trabecular spacing. The training protocol increased the pore diameter and reversed the changes in cortical porosity and density of BV induced by the high protein diet at diaphysis level. Regarding the weight-maintenance stage, diminished SMI values indicate the presence of more plate-like spongiosa in sedentary and exercise groups. In conclusion, the lifestyle interventions of caloric restriction and mixed training protocol implemented as weight loss strategies have been effective to counteract some of the deleterious effects caused by a dietary induction of obesity, specifically in trabecular bone morphometric parameters as well as bone mineral content.Spanish Government DEP2014-58296-R RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through FEDER programEuropean Commission DEP2014-58296-R RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00European Union through FEDER progra

Fruit flesh volatile and carotenoid profile analysis within the Cucumis melo L. species reveals unexploited variability for future genetic breeding

[EN] BACKGROUNDAroma profile and carotenoids content of melon flesh are two important aspects influencing the quality of this fruit that have been characterized using only selected genotypes. However, the extant variability of the whole species remains unknown. RESULTSA complete view of the volatile/carotenoid profiles of melon flesh was obtained analyzing 71 accessions, representing the whole diversity of the species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze 200 volatile compounds and five carotenoids. Genotypes were classified into two main clusters (high/low aroma), but with a large diversity of differential profiles within each cluster, consistent with the ripening behavior, flesh color and proposed evolutionary and breeding history of the different horticultural groups. CONCLUSIONOur results highlight the huge amount of untapped aroma diversity of melon germplasm, especially of non-commercial types. Also, landraces with high nutritional value with regard to carotenoids have been identified. All this knowledge will encourage melon breeding, facilitating the selection of the genetic resources more appropriate to develop cultivars with new aromatic profiles or to minimize the impact of breeding on melon quality. The newly characterized sources provide the basis for further investigations into specific genes/alleles contributing to melon flesh quality. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical IndustryWe would like to thank the metabolomics lab at the IBMCP for technical support. This work was supported by ERA-PG project (MELRIP: GEN2006-27773-C2-2-E), Plant KBBE project (SAFQIM: PIM2010PKB-00691), Accion Complementaria ACOMP/2012/173 and ACOMP/2013/141, and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R & AGL2010-20858 (jointly funded by FEDER).Esteras Gómez, C.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Sánchez, G.; López-Gresa, MP.; González-Mas, M.; Fernández-Trujillo, J.; Belles Albert, JM.... (2018). Fruit flesh volatile and carotenoid profile analysis within the Cucumis melo L. species reveals unexploited variability for future genetic breeding. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98(10):3915-3925. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8909S391539259810Pitrat, M. (2016). Melon Genetic Resources: Phenotypic Diversity and Horticultural Taxonomy. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, 25-60. doi:10.1007/7397_2016_10Pitrat, M. (s. f.). Melon. Vegetables I, 283-315. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30443-4_9Esteras, C., Formisano, G., Roig, C., Díaz, A., Blanca, J., Garcia-Mas, J., … Picó, B. (2013). SNP genotyping in melons: genetic variation, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(5), 1285-1303. doi:10.1007/s00122-013-2053-5Leida, C., Moser, C., Esteras, C., Sulpice, R., Lunn, J. E., de Langen, F., … Picó, B. (2015). Variability of candidate genes, genetic structure and association with sugar accumulation and climacteric behavior in a broad germplasm collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genetics, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0183-2Gonda, I., Burger, Y., Schaffer, A. A., Ibdah, M., Tadmor, Y., Katzir, N., … Lewinsohn, E. (2016). Biosynthesis and perception of melon aroma. Biotechnology in Flavor Production, 281-305. doi:10.1002/9781118354056.ch11Allwood, J. W., Cheung, W., Xu, Y., Mumm, R., De Vos, R. C. H., Deborde, C., … Goodacre, R. (2014). Metabolomics in melon: A new opportunity for aroma analysis. Phytochemistry, 99, 61-72. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.010Bernillon, S., Biais, B., Deborde, C., Maucourt, M., Cabasson, C., Gibon, Y., … Moing, A. (2012). Metabolomic and elemental profiling of melon fruit quality as affected by genotype and environment. Metabolomics, 9(1), 57-77. doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0429-1Aubert, C., & Pitrat, M. (2006). Volatile Compounds in the Skin and Pulp of Queen Anne’s Pocket Melon. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(21), 8177-8182. doi:10.1021/jf061415sObando-Ulloa, J. M., Moreno, E., García-Mas, J., Nicolai, B., Lammertyn, J., Monforte, A. J., & Fernández-Trujillo, J. P. (2008). Climacteric or non-climacteric behavior in melon fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49(1), 27-37. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.11.004Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Ziino, M., Lanza, C. M., & Mazzaglia, A. (2010). Fast Quantitative Determination of Aroma Volatile Constituents in Melon Fruits by Headspace–Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Food Analytical Methods, 4(2), 141-149. doi:10.1007/s12161-010-9159-zCondurso, C., Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Crinò, P., Paratore, A., & Romano, D. (2012). Effects of different rootstocks on aroma volatile compounds and carotenoid content of melon fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 9-16. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.09.015Escribano, S., & Lázaro, A. (2012). Sensorial characteristics of Spanish traditional melon genotypes: has the flavor of melon changed in the last century? European Food Research and Technology, 234(4), 581-592. doi:10.1007/s00217-012-1661-7Pang, X., Chen, D., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., & Wu, J. (2012). Verification of Aroma Profiles of Jiashi Muskmelon Juice Characterized by Odor Activity Value and Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry/Detection Frequency Analysis: Aroma Reconstitution Experiments and Omission Tests. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(42), 10426-10432. doi:10.1021/jf302373gGonda, I., Lev, S., Bar, E., Sikron, N., Portnoy, V., Davidovich-Rikanati, R., … Lewinsohn, E. (2013). Catabolism ofl-methionine in the formation of sulfur and other volatiles in melon (Cucumis meloL.) fruit. The Plant Journal, 74(3), 458-472. doi:10.1111/tpj.12149Lignou, S., Parker, J. K., Oruna-Concha, M. J., & Mottram, D. S. (2013). Flavour profiles of three novel acidic varieties of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Food Chemistry, 139(1-4), 1152-1160. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.068Vallone, S., Sivertsen, H., Anthon, G. E., Barrett, D. M., Mitcham, E. J., Ebeler, S. E., & Zakharov, F. (2013). An integrated approach for flavour quality evaluation in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) during ripening. Food Chemistry, 139(1-4), 171-183. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.042Verzera, A., Dima, G., Tripodi, G., Condurso, C., Crinò, P., Romano, D., … Paratore, A. (2014). Aroma and sensory quality of honeydew melon fruits (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.) in relation to different rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 169, 118-124. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.02.008BAI, X., TENG, L., LÜ, D., & QI, H. (2014). Co-Treatment of EFF and 1-MCP for Enhancing the Shelf-Life and Aroma Volatile Compounds of Oriental Sweet Melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(1), 217-227. doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(13)60372-xChen, H., Cao, S., Jin, Y., Tang, Y., & Qi, H. (2016). The Relationship between CmADHs and the Diversity of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Aroma Types of Melon (Cucumis melo). Frontiers in Physiology, 7. doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00254Guo, X., Xu, J., Cui, X., Chen, H., & Qi, H. (2017). iTRAQ-based Protein Profiling and Fruit Quality Changes at Different Development Stages of Oriental Melon. BMC Plant Biology, 17(1). doi:10.1186/s12870-017-0977-7Spadafora, N. D., Machado, I., Müller, C. T., Pintado, M., Bates, M., & Rogers, H. J. (2015). PHYSIOLOGICAL, METABOLITE AND VOLATILE ANALYSIS OF CUT SIZE IN MELON DURING POSTHARVEST STORAGE. Acta Horticulturae, (1071), 787-793. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2015.1071.104Chaparro-Torres, L. A., Bueso, M. C., & Fernández-Trujillo, J. P. (2015). Aroma volatiles obtained at harvest by HS-SPME/GC-MS and INDEX/MS-E-nose fingerprint discriminate climacteric behaviour in melon fruit. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(7), 2352-2365. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7350Fredes, A., Sales, C., Barreda, M., Valcárcel, M., Roselló, S., & Beltrán, J. (2016). Quantification of prominent volatile compounds responsible for muskmelon and watermelon aroma by purge and trap extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination. Food Chemistry, 190, 689-700. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.011Zeinalipour, N., Haghbeen, K., Tavassolian, I., Karkhane, A. A., & Ghashghaie, J. (2017). Enhanced production of 3-methylthiopropionic ethyl ester in native Iranian Cucumis melo L. Group dudaim under regulated deficit irrigation. Journal of Functional Foods, 30, 56-62. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.019Amaro, A. L., Spadafora, N. D., Pereira, M. J., Dhorajiwala, R., Herbert, R. J., Müller, C. T., … Pintado, M. (2018). Multitrait analysis of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon enables discrimination between storage times and temperatures and identifies potential markers for quality assessments. Food Chemistry, 241, 222-231. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.050Freilich, S., Lev, S., Gonda, I., Reuveni, E., Portnoy, V., Oren, E., … Katzir, N. (2015). Systems approach for exploring the intricate associations between sweetness, color and aroma in melon fruits. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0449-xGranell, A., & Rambla, J. L. (2013). Biosynthesis of Volatile Compounds. The Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening, 135-161. doi:10.1002/9781118593714.ch6Gur, A., Gonda, I., Portnoy, V., Tzuri, G., Chayut, N., Cohen, S., … Katzir, N. (2016). Genomic Aspects of Melon Fruit Quality. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, 377-408. doi:10.1007/7397_2016_29Ibdah, M., Azulay, Y., Portnoy, V., Wasserman, B., Bar, E., Meir, A., … Katzir, N. (2006). Functional characterization of CmCCD1, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from melon. Phytochemistry, 67(15), 1579-1589. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.02.009Walter, M. H., Floss, D. S., & Strack, D. (2010). Apocarotenoids: hormones, mycorrhizal metabolites and aroma volatiles. Planta, 232(1), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s00425-010-1156-3Burger, Y., Sa’ar, U., Paris, H., Lewinsohn, E., Katzir, N., Tadmor, Y., & Schaffer, A. (2006). Genetic variability for valuable fruit quality traits in Cucumis melo. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 54(3), 233-242. doi:10.1560/ijps_54_3_233Ren, Y., Bang, H., Lee, E. J., Gould, J., Rathore, K. S., Patil, B. S., & Crosby, K. M. (2012). Levels of phytoene and β-carotene in transgenic honeydew melon (Cucumis melo L. inodorus). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 113(2), 291-301. doi:10.1007/s11240-012-0269-8Chayut, N., Yuan, H., Ohali, S., Meir, A., Yeselson, Y., Portnoy, V., … Tadmor, Y. (2015). A bulk segregant transcriptome analysis reveals metabolic and cellular processes associated with Orange allelic variation and fruit β-carotene accumulation in melon fruit. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0661-8Saladié, M., Cañizares, J., Phillips, M. A., Rodriguez-Concepcion, M., Larrigaudière, C., Gibon, Y., … Garcia-Mas, J. (2015). Comparative transcriptional profiling analysis of developing melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit from climacteric and non-climacteric varieties. BMC Genomics, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1649-3Fergany, M., Kaur, B., Monforte, A. J., Pitrat, M., Rys, C., Lecoq, H., … Dhaliwal, S. S. (2010). Variation in melon (Cucumis melo) landraces adapted to the humid tropics of southern India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58(2), 225-243. doi:10.1007/s10722-010-9564-6Sánchez, G., Besada, C., Badenes, M. L., Monforte, A. J., & Granell, A. (2012). A Non-Targeted Approach Unravels the Volatile Network in Peach Fruit. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38992. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038992Shalit, M., Katzir, N., Tadmor, Y., Larkov, O., Burger, Y., Shalekhet, F., … Lewinsohn, E. (2001). Acetyl-CoA:  Alcohol Acetyltransferase Activity and Aroma Formation in Ripening Melon Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(2), 794-799. doi:10.1021/jf001075pPortnoy, V., Benyamini, Y., Bar, E., Harel-Beja, R., Gepstein, S., Giovannoni, J. J., … Katzir, N. (2008). The molecular and biochemical basis for varietal variation in sesquiterpene content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) rinds. Plant Molecular Biology, 66(6), 647-661. doi:10.1007/s11103-008-9296-6Raghami, M., López-Sesé, A. I., Hasandokht, M. R., Zamani, Z., Moghadam, M. R. F., & Kashi, A. (2013). Genetic diversity among melon accessions from Iran and their relationships with melon germplasm of diverse origins using microsatellite markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 300(1), 139-151. doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0866-yShu, C.-K., Chung, H. L., & Lawrence, B. M. 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Infecciones de transmisión sexual en población joven ¿qué mantiene su exposición al riesgo?

Sexually transmitted infections are one of the most prevalent risks among young population. In Spain, its incidence has increased in recent years, being one of the most affected countries in Europe. Regardless of diverse preventive efforts have been made to reverse this situation, these have not shown the expected effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to study in depth those factors that could maintain risk behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of psychological factors in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections among young people. For this, 984 young people between 18 and 24 years old (32.7% men and 67.3% women), sexually active, completed an online questionnaire about lifestyles with a specific section on sexual health. Following the analyses, only 37.2% of them use condoms systematically in vaginal sex and 12.1% in anal sex. Moreover, a greater use of condoms is connected to being afraid of sexually transmitted infections (rho = .098; p = .002), higher age of onset in sexual practices (rho = .075; p = .021), lower frequency of alcohol consumption (rho = -.069, p = .037), lower levels of anxiety (rho = -.094, p = .003), greater satisfaction with the image body (rho = .066; p = .033) and less use of pornography (rho = -.107; p = .001). In particular, in addition to the fear of sexually transmitted infections, the lower use of pornography and less anxiety would also contribute to a greater likelihood of condom use (Chi2 = 29.18, p = .001). Thus, the need to include these variables in sexual risk prevention programs to improve their effectiveness among the young population seems to be evident.Las infecciones de transmisión sexual, suponen uno de los riesgos más prevalentes entre lapoblación joven. En España, su incidencia se ha incrementado en los últimos años, siendo uno los países más afectados de Europa. Si bien se han llevado a cabo distintos esfuerzos preventivos para revertir la situación, no han mostrado la eficacia esperada. Por eso, resulta necesario profundizar en el análisis de aquellos factores que podrían mantener las conductas de riesgo. Así pues, el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el papel de factores psicológicos en la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual entre población joven. Para ello, 984 jóvenes de entre 18 y 24 años (32,7% hombres y 67,3% mujeres), sexualmente activos, cumplimentaron un cuestionario online sobre estilos de vida con una sección específica sobre salud sexual. Tras los análisis se observa cómo, solamente, un 37,2%, usa el preservativo en el coito vaginal de modo sistemático y un 12,1% en el coito anal. Asimismo, se observa cómo un mayor uso del preservativo se relaciona con tener miedo a las infecciones de transmisión sexual (rho = ,098; p = ,002), pero también con una mayor edad de inicio en las prácticas sexuales (rho = ,075; p = ,021), menor frecuencia en el consumo de alcohol (rho = -,069; p = ,037), menores niveles de ansiedad (rho = -,094; p = ,003), una mayor satisfacción con la imagen corporal (rho = ,066; p = ,033) y un menor uso de pornografía (rho = -,107; p = ,001). En concreto, además del temor a las infecciones de transmisión sexual, el menor uso de pornografía y una menor ansiedad, también contribuirían a una mayor probabilidad de uso del preservativo (Chi2 = 29,18; p = ,001). Así pues, parece evidente la necesidad de incluir también estos otros elementos en los programas de prevención de riesgos sexuales, para mejorar su eficacia entre la población joven

“INSIDE” Project on Sexual Health in Spain: Sexual Life During the Lockdown Caused by COVID-19

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming a major hazard to public health worldwide. This is causing a significant impact on life and physical health, as well as on the psychological well-being of the general population. Since the emotional distress and the social restrictions caused by this epidemic, it must be expected that its impact will also extend to sexual health. The purpose of this study, the first including a large sample of the Spanish general population, was to analyze sexual behavior during the 99 days of confinement in Spain (INSIDE Project). Method One thousand four hundred forty-eight Spanish people, between 18 and 60 years old, were evaluated through an online survey during April 2020. The variables analyzed were the physical and social environment during confinement, sexual desire, type of sexual activity, masturbation, sexual intercourse, online sexual activity, general sexual frequency, sexual fantasies, degree of self-control over sexual drive, sexual abuse, general impact of confinement on sexuality, and emotional mood. Results Confinement has affected the sexual life of half of the Spanish population (47.7%), especially women. Those who reported a worsening of their sexual life are almost three times more (37.9%) than those who reported an improvement (14.4%). Conclusions Different factors have been significant predictors of the positive or negative evaluation about the impact of this confinement on sexual life, such as gender, couple life, privacy, stress level, and the perception of confinement as unbearable. Policy Implications These results have important implications for the public health and more especially sexual health of the Spanish population

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort and Comparison with a Control Group

Prevalence; Drooling; Parkinson's diseasePrevalencia; Babeo; Enfermedad de parkinsonPrevalència; Babeig; Malaltia de parkinsonIntroduction. Drooling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequent but often goes underrecognized. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of drooling in a PD cohort and compare it with a control group. Specifically, we identified factors associated with drooling and conducted subanalyses in a subgroup of very early PD patients. Patients and Methods. PD patients who were recruited from January 2016 to November 2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated again at a 2-year ± 30-day follow-up (V2) from 35 centers in Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this longitudinal prospective study. Subjects were classified as with or without drooling according to item 19 of the NMSS (Nonmotor Symptoms Scale) at V0, V1 (1-year ± 15 days), and V2 for patients and at V0 and V2 for controls. Results. The frequency of drooling in PD patients was 40.1% (277/691) at V0 (2.4% (5/201) in controls;  < 0.0001), 43.7% (264/604) at V1, and 48.2% (242/502) at V2 (3.2% (4/124) in controls;  < 0.0001), with a period prevalence of 63.6% (306/481). Being older (OR = 1.032;  = 0.012), being male (OR = 2.333;  < 0.0001), having greater nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden at the baseline (NMSS total score at V0; OR = 1.020;  < 0.0001), and having a greater increase in the NMS burden from V0 to V2 (change in the NMSS total score from V0 to V2; OR = 1.012;  < 0.0001) were identified as independent predictors of drooling after the 2-year follow-up. Similar results were observed in the group of patients with ≤2 years since symptom onset, with a cumulative prevalence of 64.6% and a higher score on the UPDRS-III at V0 (OR = 1.121;  = 0.007) as a predictor of drooling at V2. Conclusion. Drooling is frequent in PD patients even at the initial onset of the disease and is associated with a greater motor severity and NMS burden.COPPADIS and the present study were developed with the help of Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (https://www.alphabioresearch.com). Also, The authors received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (Concesión de subvenciones de Proyectos de Investigación en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2017–2020 por el proyecto “PROGRESIÓN NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON”) to develop a part of the COPPADIS project. The authors would like to thank all patients and their caregivers who collaborated in this study. They would also like to thank Fundación Española de Ayuda a la Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y/o de Origen Genético (https://fundaciondegen.org/) and Alpha Bioresearch (https://www.alphabioresearch.com) and other institutions for helping them

Frecuencia sexual de los adolescentes españoles durante el confinamiento por COVID-19

La situación de confinamiento debido a la COVID-19 ha supuesto un gran cambio en los estilos de vida de los jóvenes. Sin embargo, poco se conoce del impacto que el aislamiento ha tenido en la sexualidad de los adolescentes. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la frecuencia sexual de los adolescentes durante el confinamiento y sus posibles consecuencias, todo ello con una perspectiva de género. 134 adolescentes españoles, entre 16-20 años, respondieron a una encuesta on-line ad hoc sobre sexualidad, siendo el 59.7% chicas. Un 67.2% de los participantes se consideraba heterosexual, un 91.2% estaba confinado/a con sus padres, un 59.7% estaba soltero/a y un 40.3% tenía pareja estable. Durante el confinamiento, se ha observado un incremento de la frecuencia de masturbación y de las actividades sexuales online, pero estos cambios solo han resultado estadísticamente significativos en los chicos. Entre las causas de este incremento, encontramos razones como “por aburrimiento”, “para relajarme”, o “debido a un aumento de apetito sexual”, siendo los chicos los que más lo justificaban con razones emocionales. Esta mayor frecuencia sexual les generaba mejor estado de ánimo y estar más relajados, aunque gran parte de los chicos refirieron que las actividades sexuales les resultaban menos satisfactorias. Cabría seguir estudiando las posibles consecuencias negativas que pueden surgir de estos cambios en la frecuencia sexual, y analizar el papel que podrían estar jugando las emociones. Todo ello con la intención de diseñar campañas de promoción de la salud sexual en tiempos de confinamiento.Sexual frequency of Spanish adolescents during confinement by COVID-19. The confinement situation due to COVID-19 has brought a great change in the lifestyles of young people. However, little is known about the impact that isolation has had on adolescent sexuality. The objective of this work is to know the sexual frequency of adolescents during confinement and its possible consequences, including gender perspective. 134 Spanish adolescents, between 16-20 years old, responded to an ad hoc online survey on sexuality, being 59.7% girls. 67.2% of the participants considered themselves heterosexual, 91.2% were confined to their parents, 59.7% were single and 40.3% had a stable partner. During confinement, an increase in the frequency of masturbation and online sexual activities has been observed, but these changes have only been statistically significant in boys. Among the causes of this increase, we find reasons such as “due to boredom”, “to relax”, or “due to an increase in sexual appetite”, with boys justifying it the most with emotional reasons. This higher sexual frequency generated a better mood and more relaxation, although many boys reported that sexual activities were less satisfactory. It would be necessary to continue studying the possible negative consequences that can arise from these changes in sexual frequency, and to analyze the role that emotions could be playing. All this to design campaigns to promote sexual health in times of confinement

Interventions in health organisations to reduce the impact of adverse events in second and third victims

Background Adverse events (AE) are also the cause of suffering in health professionals involved. This study was designed to identify and analyse organization-level strategies adopted in both primary care and hospitals in Spain to address the impact of serious AE on second and third victims. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare organizations assessing: safety culture; health organization crisis management plans for serious AE; actions planned to ensure transparency in communication with patients (and relatives) who experience an AE; support for second victims; and protective measures to safeguard the institution’s reputation (the third victim). Results A total of 406 managers and patient safety coordinators replied to the survey. Deficient provision of support for second victims was acknowledged by 71 and 61 % of the participants from hospitals and primary care respectively; these respondents reported there was no support protocol for second victims in place in their organizations. Regarding third victim initiatives, 35 % of hospital and 43 % of primary care professionals indicated no crisis management plan for serious AE existed in their organization, and in the case of primary care, there was no crisis committee in 34 % of cases. The degree of implementation of second and third victim support interventions was perceived to be greater in hospitals (mean 14.1, SD 3.5) than in primary care (mean 11.8, SD 3.1) (p?<?0.001). Conclusions Many Spanish health organizations do not have a second and third victim support or a crisis management plan in place to respond to serious AEs