30 research outputs found

    Deutsch-senegalesische Transferbeziehungen: Möglichkeiten einer interkulturellen Kommunikation anhand der deutschen Übersetzung von Mariama Bâs 'Une si longue lettre (Ein so langer Brief)'

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    Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die interkulturelle Kommunikation aus Sicht des deutsch-senegalesischen Kulturtransfers anhand von Literatur und Übersetzung. In dieser Hinsicht wird die Bedeutung der Übersetzer senegalesischer Literatur sowie deren Rezeption im deutschsprachigen Kontext herausgestellt. Der Dichterpräsident Léopold Sédar Senghor spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Beschäftigung mit der deutschen Sprache, Kultur und Landeskunde als auch im Hinblick auf vorliegende deutsche Übersetzungen seines literarischen Schaffens. Hiervon ausgehend und gerade im Hinblick auf theoretische Ansätze zu interkulturellen Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit Übersetzung wird am Beispiel der deutschen Übersetzung von Mariama Bâs Roman 'Une si longue lettre' unter dem Titel 'Ein so langer Brief: ein afrikanisches Frauenschicksal' die Vermittlung kultureller Inhalte (im Hinblick auf Ort, Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Religion, Interaktion etc.) im deutsch-senegalesischen Kontext betrachtet.This contribution deals with intercultural communication in the frame of German-Senegalese cultural transfer through literature and translation. In this sense, I point out the importance of the translators of Senegalese literature as well as its reception in the German speaking area. The poet president Léopold Sédar Senghor played an important role in this context. He was much interested in German language, culture and civilization, and his literary works were translated into German as well. sing my analysis on theoretical approaches related to intercultural issues linked to translation, I examine the transmission of cultural information (in relation with place, history, society, religion, interaction etc.) in the translation of Mariama Bâ´s novel 'Une si longue lettre (Ein so langer Brief: ein afrikanisches Frauenschicksal) in the German-Senegalese context

    Deutsch-senegalesische Transferbeziehungen: Möglichkeiten einer interkulturellen Kommunikation anhand der deutschen Übersetzung von Mariama Bâs Une si longue lettre (Ein so langer Brief)

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    Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die interkulturelle Kommunikation aus Sicht des deutsch-senegalesischen Kulturtransfers anhand von Literatur und Übersetzung. In dieser Hinsicht wird die Bedeutung der Übersetzer senegalesischer Literatur sowie deren Rezeption im deutschsprachigen Kontext herausgestellt. Der Dichterpräsident Léopold Sédar Senghor spielt dabei eine besondere Rolle sowohl hinsichtlich seiner Beschäftigung mit der deutschen Sprache, Kultur und Landeskunde als auch im Hinblick auf vorliegende deutsche Übersetzungen seines literarischen Schaffens. Hiervon ausgehend und gerade im Hinblick auf theoretische Ansätze zu interkulturellen Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit Übersetzung wird am Beispiel der deutschen Übersetzung von Mariama Bâs Roman Une si longue lettre unter dem Titel Ein so langer Brief. Ein afrikanisches Frauenschicksal die Vermittlung kultureller Inhalte (im Hinblick auf Ort, Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Religion, Interaktion etc.) im deutsch-senegalesischen Kontext betrachtet

    Systèmes à libération contrôlée pH-dépendants de principes actifs hydrophobes à partir d’oléogels

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    Les rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques sont une cause importante d'invaliditĂ© dans le monde entier. De ce fait, les affections rhumatismales chroniques font peser une lourde charge sociale et Ă©conomique sur toutes les sociĂ©tĂ©s, pas seulement sur celles oĂą l’espĂ©rance de vie est Ă©levĂ©e. L’objectif principal de ce travail Ă©tait d’étudier le profil de libĂ©ration pH-dĂ©pendante de principes actifs hydrophobes Ă  partir d’olĂ©ogels oraux et/ou cutanĂ©s. La formulation des olĂ©ogels a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e selon une mĂ©thode sol-gel, reproductible Ă  grande Ă©chelle. La caractĂ©risation et le suivi dans le temps ont montrĂ© une bonne stabilitĂ© des olĂ©ogels. Les valeurs de pH des olĂ©ogels Ă©taient globalement acides (entre 4,3 et 5,8) et dĂ©pendaient de la quantitĂ© de gĂ©lifiant utilisĂ©e. Les Ă©tudes de libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofène, principe actif hydrophobe, en fonction du pH des milieux de dissolution ont montrĂ© des profils de libĂ©ration d’une cinĂ©tique du premier ordre d’équation =+. avec des coefficients de dĂ©termination proches de 1 (milieux Ă  pH Ă©gal Ă  1,2 et 5,5). Une meilleure libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofène a Ă©tĂ© obtenue dans un milieu intestinal simulĂ© (pH Ă©gal Ă  6,8) pour les formulations qui prĂ©sentaient dĂ©jĂ  une saturation en milieu gastrique simulĂ© (pH Ă©gal Ă  1,2). Cette Ă©tude qui a permis de formuler, d’évaluer et de modĂ©liser le profil de libĂ©ration du kĂ©toprofène Ă  partir d’olĂ©ogels peut constituer une Ă©tape importante dans un objectif de souverainetĂ© thĂ©rapeutique des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne notamment le SĂ©nĂ©gal.Mots clĂ©s : OlĂ©ogels, rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques, kĂ©toprofène, libĂ©ration contrĂ´lĂ©e, pH-dĂ©pendant.   English Title: pH-dependent controlled release systems of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients from oleogels Chronic inflammatory rheumatism is a major cause of disability around the world. As a result, chronic rheumatic diseases place a heavy social and economic burden on all societies, not just those with high life expectancy. The main objective of this work was to control the pH-dependent release of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients from oral and / or skin oleogels. The formulation of the oleogels was carried out using a sol-gel large-scale reproducible method. Characterization and monitoring over time have shown good stability of the oleogels. The pH values of the oleogels were overall acid (between 4.3 and 5.8) and depended on the amount of gelling agent used. The release studies of ketoprofen, a hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredient, as a function of the pH of the dissolution media have shown release profiles of first-order kinetics of equation =+. with coefficients of determination close to 1 (media at pH equal to 1.2 and 5.5). Better release of ketoprofen was obtained in simulated intestinal medium (pH equal to 6.8) for formulations which already exhibited saturation in simulated gastric medium (pH equal to 1.2). This study, which made it possible to formulate, evaluate and model the release profile of ketoprofen from oleogels, may constitute an important step in an objective of therapeutic sovereignty of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Senegal.Keywords: oleogels - chronic inflammatory rheumatism - ketoprofen - controlled release – pH-dependent

    Analyse physico-chimique de l’eau de l’unité d’hémodialyse du chr de Saint- Louis (Sénégal)

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    L’insuffisance rénale chronique est un des problèmes majeurs de la santé publique dans le monde. Au Sénégal, une étude récente réalisée dans la population générale adulte avait retrouvé une prévalence de l’ordre de 6,1%. «L’eau pour dilution de concentrées d’hémodialyse» est produite en continue et utilisée en grande quantité chez l’hémodialysé chronique, donc il apparaît primordial de veiller à sa bonne qualité. Au Sénégal, aucune étude n’a été faite à ce jour pour évaluer l’efficacité du système de traitement de l’eau pour dilution des concentrés de dialyse dans les différents centres de dialyse du pays. L’objectif de ce travail est de contrôler l’efficacité du système de traitement de l’eau pour dilution de concentrées d’hémodialyse afin de s’assurer de son innocuité. Les prélèvements ont été effectués au niveau de trois points clés du circuit de traitement de l’eau pour hémodialyse. A l’entrée et à la sortie de l’osmoseur, à la sortie de la boucle de distribution. Les analyses ont été effectuées à l’aide d’électrodes spécifiques. Les valeurs de potentiels ont permis de tracer les courbes d’étalonnage. La détermination par régression des pentes et des ordonnées à l’origine de la relation de Nernst donne E(mV ) = B - A Log Cm avec des coefficients de corrélation variant entre 0,988 et 0,999 prouvant que 98% au moins des variations de tensions mesurées (E) sont attribuables à la concentration. L’analyse physico-chimique des teneurs en chlorures, nitrates et fluorures révèle des teneurs plus élevées à l’entrée de l’osmoseur qu’à la sortie. Ces basses valeurs découlent du rôle de l’osmoseur qui filtre une grande partie des électrolytes. Par contre, à la sortie de la boucle de distribution les teneurs en électrolytes des différents échantillons étaient plus importantes que celles à la sortie de l’osmoseur. Cette forte concentration en électrolytes atteste d’une pollution par la boucle de distribution de l’eau déjà filtrée par l’osmoseur. L’intérêt de cette étude réside dans le fait qu’elle met en lumière l’importance du contrôle de la qualité de l’eau pour l’hémodialyse et la nécessité d’un bon planning de maintenance préventive efficace de l’ensemble de la boucle de traitement d’eau au sein de chaque centre.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Hémodialyse, eau, chlorures, fluorures, nitrates, électrodes spécifiquesEnglish Title: Physicochemical analysis of Saint–Louis regional hospital’s hemodialysis unit’s water (Senegal)English AbstractChronic kidney disease is a major public health problem worldwide. In Senegal, a recent study in the general adult population found a prevalence of about 6,1%. "Water for diluting concentrated hemodialysis" is produced and used continuously at high levels in hemodialysis chronic. It is therefore essential to ensure its quality. In Senegal, no study has been done to assess the effectiveness of water treatment system for dialysis concentrates dilution in different dialysis centers of the country. The objective of this work is to monitor the effectiveness of the water treatment system for hemodialysis concentrated dilution to ensure its safety. The samples were taken on key issues of hemodialysis water’s treatment circuit. Three levels of sampling were selected. At the entrance and at the outlet of the reverse osmosis unit at the outlet of the distribution loop. Analyses were performed using specific electrodes. Potential values allowed us to map the calibration curves. Determination by regression of slopes and intercepts of the Nernst relation gives with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.988 to 0.999 showing that at least 98% of the measured voltages fluctuations (E) are attributable to the concentration. Physicochemical analysis of the levels of chlorides, nitrates and fluorides reveals higher levels at the entrance of the reverse osmosis unit than at the outlet. These low values resulting of the role of reverse osmosis which filter much of the electrolytes. For against, at the outlet of the distribution loop the electrolyte content of the different samples were greater than those at the outlet of the reverse osmosis unit. This high electrolyte concentration attests to pollution of the water distribution loop already filtered by reverse osmosis. The interest of this study lies in the fact that it highlights the importance of monitoring the quality of water for hemodialysis and the need for good planning for effective preventive maintenance throughout the water treatment loop within each center.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Hemodialysis, water, nitrates, fluoride, chloride, specific electrode

    Single and combined impacts of irradiation and surgery on lymphatic vasculature and fibrosis associated to secondary lymphedema

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    peer reviewedLymphedema (LD) refers to a condition of lymphatic dysfunction associated with excessive fluid accumulation, fibroadipose tissue deposition and swelling. In industrialized countries, LD development mainly results from a local disruption of the lymphatic network by an infection or cancer-related surgery (secondary LD). In the absence of efficient therapy, animal models are needed to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying LD and test putative drugs. In this study, we optimized and characterized a murine model of LD that combines an irradiation of the mice hind limb and a radical surgery (lymph node resection associated to lymphatic vessel ligation). We investigated the respective roles of irradiation and surgery in LD formation by comparing their impacts, alone or in combination (with different intervention sequences), on eight different features of the pathology: swelling (paw thickness), indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, lymphatic vasculature remodeling, epidermal and dermal thickening, adipocyte accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition. This study supports the importance of radiation prior to surgery to experimentally induce a rapid, severe and sustained tissue remodeling harboring the different hallmarks of LD. We provide the first experimental evidence for an excessive deposition of periostin (POSTN) and tenascin-C (TNC) in LD. Through a computerized method of digital image quantification, we established the spatial map of lymphatic expansion, as well as collagen, POSTN and TNC deposition in papillary and reticular dermis of lymphedematous skins. This mouse model is available to study the patho-physiology of LD and test potential therapeutic targets

    The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

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    INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

    Vérité et subjectivité dans la pensée de Kierkegaard (les églises établies, facteur d'éloignement de Dieu)

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    La pensée de Kierkegaard traite des questions liées à l'existence et à la religion, considérées comme des expériences strictement personnelles. La définition kierkegaardienne de la vérité et de la subjectivité permet de régler les comptes à Hegel et son système, à la foule et à l'ordre établi dont les églises établies représentent l'une des formes les plus accomplies. Cette thèse de doctorat s'appuie sur la définition de ces deux concepts : la subjectivité et la vérité, et soutient que toute vérité part du sujet et y retourne. Cette vision de la vérité et de la subjectivité dévoile un aspect important de la pratique de la religion en tant que lieu de la vérité subjective par excellence : aucune religion, aucune église n'interviennent dans la relation de l'individu à Dieu, ni dans le rapport de l'homme à son être essentiel. Les religions et les églises établies doivent, en conséquence, céder la place, à défaut de disparaître complétement, à la seule religion universelle, celle de l'individu.The thought of Kierkegaard approaches questions bound (connected) to the existence and to the religion, considered as strictly personal experiences (experiments). The kierkegaard's definition of the truth and the subjectivity allows to settle (adjust) the accounts to Hegel and its system, to the crowd and to established order the established churches of which represent one of the most accomplished forms. This doctoral thesis emphasizes the definition of these two concepts : the subjectivity is the truth, and supports that any truth leaves the subject and turns (returns) to it. This vision of the truth and the subjectivity reveals an important aspect of the practice of the religion as place of the subjective truth par excellence : no religion, no church intervene in the relation of the individual to God, or in the report (relationship) of the man to his essential being. The religions and the established churches have to, as a consequence, give up the place (square), for lack of disappearing completely, to the only universal religion, that of the individual (sic).POITIERS-BU Droit Lettres (861942101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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