2-[(2-Amino­phen­yl)sulfan­yl]-N-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)acetamide

In the title compound, C15H16N2O2S, the dihedral angle between the 4-meth­oxy­aniline and 2-amino­benzene­thiole fragments is 35.60 (9)°. A short intra­molecular N—H⋯S contact leads to an S(5) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are consolidated in the form of polymeric chains along [010] as a result of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate R 3 2(18) and R 4 3(22) loops. The polymeric chains are interlinked through C—H⋯O inter­action and complete R 2 2(8) ring motifs

Chemical Biology Toolsets for Drug Discovery and Target Identification

Chemical biology is the scientific discipline that deals with the application of chemical techniques and often small molecules produced through synthetic chemistry, to the manipulation and study of biological systems. Its working framework ranges from simple chemical entities to complex drugs by employing the principles of biological origin. This chapter particularly focuses on the principles and working models of chemical biology to discover new drug leads. Drug discovery is an extensive and multifaceted complex process. Chemical biology uses both natural and synthetic compounds with the best therapeutic potential and verifies them by employing the best possible chemical toolsets. Screening of compounds is done by the use of phenotypic as well as the target-based screening to identify and characterize the potent hits. After the identification of target, it is characterized, and validated by extensive testing. The next step is the validation of hits obtained, and lead compounds are tested in clinical trials before introducing them for commercial application

Serum Prolactin as an Early Biomarker for Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-An Experience at CMH Quetta

Objective: To determine the association between elevated serum prolactin and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Apr 2021 to Mar 2022. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-one patients had a measurement of serum prolactin in the first trimester, along with an oral glucose tolerance test in the second and third trimester, at the Pathology Department Combined Military Hospital Quetta Pakistan. Results: In the study group, serum prolactin levels were raised in 51(42.1%) patients in the first trimester. A total of 44(36.3%) patients with raised serum prolactin had impaired oral glucose tolerance tests. A significant association was found between raised serum prolactin and subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant females. Conclusion: Serum prolactin can be an important biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus

Synthesis, antibacterial activity and docking studies of chloroacetamide derivatives

Structural modification of lead compounds is a great challenge in organic synthesis. Introduction of different functional groups not only modify the structure of starting material but also improve their biological activeness. Small synthetic molecules are favored in spite of the reality that majority of drug molecules derived from natural sources, are in vogue. In the present work, acetamide derivatives were synthesized using chloroacetyl chloride. After synthesizing targeted series of acetamide derivatives these compounds were further modified using different amines including 2-aminobenzene thiol, benzyl amine, benzene 1,4-diamine, 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one, 4-aminophenol, hydrazine and 4-amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide. All of these synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray crystallography. The compounds were assessed for their anti-bacterial activity using disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The compounds were found to exhibit comparable activity to the standard drug used. This was further supported by molecular docking studies using bacterial DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase II targets causing bacterial death as they are major bacterial proteins known to be involved in transcription and replication process. Results proved that the compound 2b was the most efficacious antimicrobial compound among the synthesized set of compounds. To tackle the growing drug resistance acetamide based functionalities can be regarded as the active lead compounds to target different drug resistance microorganism

5-Methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate

In the title compound, C18H18N2O5S2, the tolyl rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 16.15 (11)° with respect to one another. The 5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol ring is roughly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0231 Å) and subtends angles of 73.82 (8) and 89.85 (8)° with the tolyl rings. In the crystal, very weak π–π interactions between tolyl groups, with centroid–centroid distances of 4.1364 (19) and 4.0630 (16) Å, together with a C—H...π contact generate a three-dimensional network

Effect of Combine Application of Urea, Urease, Nitrification Inhibitors and Plant Growth Regulators on Spinach Productivity

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of applying different rates of urea treated with nBTPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) alone, or a combination of both nBTPT and DCD (Dicyandiamide) and DMPP (3, 4-Dimethylpyrazol-phosphate), on spinach productivity at experimental area of Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during 2012-13. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and four replications. Composite soil samples were collected before the experiment for various physico-chemical analysis viz soil texture, soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, NH4-N, NO3-N, extractable P and exchangeable K. The results showed that treatment (T6) with dose of Urea@150 kg/ha + GA3 @60 gram/ha was more effective than agrotain alone i.e tallest plant height (11.54 cm), maximum number of leaves (69), highest fresh weight (22.37g), highest dry weight (4.64 g), maximum biological yield (227 g pot-1) and highest net return (13.42 million). Such findings may be due to availability of nitrogen for longer period and reduced loss on nitrogen by volatilization. The results further suggested that applying urea treated with Gibberellic acid (GA3) or Agrotain significantly increased the spinach growth. However, combine application of Urea, Urease, Nitrification Inhibitors and Plant Growth Regulators on Spinach productivity was better than urease inhibitor alone (agrotain)

The Role of Artificial and Nonartificial Intelligence in the New Product Success with Moderating Role of New Product Innovation: A Case of Manufacturing Companies in China

Currently, there is an increasing trend in the organizations towards examining the artificial intelligence and nonartificial intelligence for the innovation and success of the new product, as well as getting the intentions of the upcoming researchers. Thus, the purpose of the ongoing study is to examine the role of artificial and nonartificial intelligence in the new product success along with the moderating role of new product innovation in the manufacturing organizations of China. The quantitative methods have been followed by the study and gathered the responses from the respondents using questionnaires, and analysis has been conducted by using the smart-PLS. The results exposed that artificial intelligence and nonartificial intelligence have positive and significant nexus with the new product success. The outcomes also revealed that the new product innovation significantly moderated the links among the nonartificial intelligence and new product success, but it insignificantly moderated the links among the artificial intelligence and new product success in the manufacturing organizations of China. These findings have provided the guidelines to the manufacturing companies and their policies developing authorities that they should be developed and implement the suitable policies regarding the adoption of artificial intelligence and nonartificial intelligence that enhance the success of the new product, which ultimately enhances the success of the organization

Dynamics of Transit Oriented Development, Role of Greenhouse Gases and Urban Environment: A Study for Management and Policy

The emission and mitigation of greenhouse gases transforms the status of urban environments. However, a policy accounting for all the aspects associated with transport is lacking. Problems related to transport include a greater reliance on cars, increased congestion, and environmental impacts. The absence of an efficient public transport system is a notable cause of the prompt escalation of diverse problems, for example, increases in the number of personal automobiles causes congestion on the road, resulting in air pollution, ubiquitous greenhouse effects and noise pollution, which ultimately affect human health. Transit oriented development (TOD) has been suggested as a solution to these problems. This paper reviews the impacts of transit development on urban development, greenhouse impact, the environment, economy, property value, travel behavior, and health etc., highlighting the policy issues which hinder TOD. Implementation of TOD has a strong impact on shaping the urban form, redevelopment, and the upgradation of old areas. Controlling transit phenomena will also help to control the emission and mitigation of greenhouse gases. This study will help in improving the urban environment and climatic condition of regions

Deciphering Plantago ovata Forsk Leaf Extract Mediated Distinct Germination, Growth and Physio-Biochemical Improvements under Water Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Early Growth Stage

Use of Plantago ovata Forsk leaf (also known as blond plantain or isabgol) extract is a novel approach for ameliorating water stress in various agronomic crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). To examine the potential roles of P. ovata extract (0, 20 and 40%) in increasing seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic measurements, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response, ions uptake and the relationship between studied parameters, we investigated the impacts of its short-term seed priming on Z. mays L. elite cultivar “Cimmyt-Pak” under a control environment and a water deficit stress environment (induced by PEG). It was evident that water deficit stress conditions induced a negative impact on plant growth, stomatal properties and ion uptake in different organs of Z. mays. The decrease in growth-related attributes might be due to overproduction of oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also overcome by the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which increased under the water stress environment. However, seed priming with P. ovata extract positively increased germination rate and growth profile, and protected photosynthetic apparatus and stomatal properties by decreasing oxidative stress indicators and increasing activities of antioxidant compounds. Our results also depicted that the optimum concentration of P. ovata extract for Z. mays seedlings under water stress conditions was 20%, while a further increase in P. ovata extract (40%) induced a non-significant negative impact on growth and biomass of Z. mays seedling. In addition, the effect was more promising on Z. mays seedlings when grown under controlled conditions. Here, we concluded that the understanding of the role of seed priming with P. ovata extract in the increment of growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus (Pn, Gs, Ts and Ci) and nutrient uptake (Ca2+, Fe2+, P and Mg2+) introduces new possibilities for their effective use in water deficit stress environments and shows a promising foundation for Z. mays tolerance against water deficit stress conditions