Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol use disorder among heterosexual people living with HIV in West Papua, Indonesia

Introduction: Tobacco smoking and Alcohol use disorder (AUD) are common among People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and AUD, as well as assess the factors associated with tobacco smoking and AUD among heterosexual PLHIV in West Papua. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinic in Manokwari, Sorong City, and Fak-Fak district. Data were collected from 237 PLHIV using a consecutive sampling technique and interview. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and estimate the factors associated with current tobacco smoking and AUD. Results: The prevalence of tobacco smoking and AUD among PLHIV was 30.8% and 34.6%, respectively. There were statistically significant associated between tobacco smoking and gender (OR=2.881, CI=2.201-3.772), occupation (OR=1.375, CI=1.116-1.622), CD4+ count (OR=1.865, CI=1.865, CI=1.068-3.259) and opportunistic infections (OR=1.348, CI=1.054-1.7240. In addition, there were statistically significant associated between AUD and gender (OR=2.951, CI=2.16-3.930), occupation (OR=1.392, CI=1.178-1.645), CD4+ count (OR=1.769, CI=1.031-3.073), and opportunistic infections (OR=1.445, CI=1.134-1.842). Conclusions: Gender, occupation, CD4+ count levels, and opportunistic infection factors were associated with tobacco smoking and AUD among heterosexual PLHIV in West Papua. These findings highlight the critical need for an efficient cigarette and alcohol use control program for PLHIV in developing countries such as Indonesia, especially in West Papua

Development of a CAD-based jewellery design system

In the conventional method for design and production in jewellery industry, it is difficult to create new designs due to lack of modern technology and intelligent equipment and software. The development of a jewellery design system is presented for a modern ornament industry by adopting new technologies and modem equipment in CAD/CAM. The technique is verified by the examples of actual jewellery design by the system and then producing it by lost wax investment casting method using wax pattern created by a rapid prototyping system instead of the traditional method of mould injection. This CAD based system of development of modern jewellery design offers advantages of flexibility in creating more variety of design and the ability to produce intricate shape conveniently. The work demonstrates the application of CAD/CAM tools and rapid prototyping as the most powerful tools in jewellery design and production

Quality Improvement of NLFM Manufacturing Process: Estimating Optimal Combination of Influencing Factor Levels

Part 1: Knowledge-Based Performance ImprovementInternational audienceNatural latex foam mattresses (NLFMs) are manufactured using the latex extracted in its purest form of milky white liquid, which is tapped from the trunks of mature rubber trees. The natural latex foam mattress manufacturing (NLFMM) process undergoes several processing stages before the natural latex is converted into an ultra cushioning material with a wide range of firmness and comfort. Among the other processing steps, the gelling process has been found to play a significant role in controlling the quality of the final product, provided that quality raw materials have been supplied to the manufacturing plant. This manuscript suggests a methodology for estimating optimal levels of parameters that affect the gelling process, focusing on minimizing the influence on mattresses’ surface quality deterioration. A case study has been performed in collaboration with one of the natural latex foam manufacturing plants to recognize main quality deterioration mechanisms and corresponding process parameters using the engineering robust design approach to establish the optimal combination of influencing factor levels