Las actitudes de los docentes de música ante las TIC

La utilización de las TIC en la Educación Musical implica cambios en el proceso de enseñanza. Es por ello importante indagar sobre las actitudes que presentan los docentes de Música en los centros de Primaria y Secundaria ante la utilización de las Nuevas Tecnologías en el aula. Ello implica conocer cómo influye en la actitud del profesor diferentes parámetros como pueden ser el grado de preparación, los conocimientos existentes, las destrezas didácticas relacionadas con la materia, la metodología utilizada en las aulas, el nivel de integración de las TIC en el aula, así como el grado de motivación e interés que presenta el docente ante este nuevo reto educativo.The use of ICT in Music Education involves changes in the teaching process. It is therefore important to investigate the attitudes that have music teachers in primary and secondary school to the use of new technologies in the classroom. This means knowing how to influence the teacher’s attitude parameters such as the degree of preparedness, existing knowledge, teaching skills related to the subject, the methodology used in the classroom, the level of integration of ICT in the classroom, and the degree of motivation and attractiveness of the teaching to this new educational challengepeerReviewe

Physical self-concept and sports practice in Bíobio (Chile) students

Los objetivos de este estudio son evaluar la realización de actividades físicas o deportivas extraescolares y su frecuencia en estudiantes chilenos, y si llevar a cabo tales actividades introduce diferencias en las diversas dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. Participan 761 estudiantes (universitarios, de enseñanza media y de enseñanza básica), chicos y chicas, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 34 años, procedentes de varias ciudades de la región del Bíobio (Chile). Se evalúan la práctica de actividades físicas o deportivas, la frecuencia de la misma y las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, empleando para ello el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF). Se realizan análisis de frecuencias y de contraste de medias para muestras independientes. Los resultados muestran que el 21.4% de los participantes no realizan actividades físico-deportivas fuera de las horas de clase, que solo el 13% realizan tales actividades más de cinco días a la semana y que quienes llevan a cabo esas actividades extraescolares tienen puntuaciones medias más altas en todas las variables evaluadas con el CAF que quienes no las realizan. Las diferencias de medias son estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que realizar actividades físicas y deportivas extraescolares introduce diferencias en el autoconcepto físico y sus dimensiones. Se realizan, finalmente, algunas propuestas de mejora a tener en cuenta en futuros trabajos.The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of physical or extracurricular sports activities and their frequency in Chilean students, and if performing these activities may introduce differences in the various dimensions of physical self-concept . 761 students were involved (college, high school and elementary school), boys and girls, aged between 12 and 34 years, from various cities in the region of Biobío (Chile). Using the Questionnaire Physical Self-concept (CAF), the practice of physical and sports activities were evaluated as well as the frequency of the same and the dimensions of physical self-concept. Frequency analysis and comparison of means for independent samples were performed. The results show that 21.4% of participants did not perform physical and sports activities outside school hours, only 13% made such activities more than five days a week and those who carry out these extracurricular activities have higher scores in all variables with the CAF than those who do not perform. The differences are statistically significant. The results obtained indicate that performing physical activities and extracurricular sports make differences in physical self-concept and its dimensions. Some improvement proposal are done in order to be considerated in future works

Análise das razöes para praticar, ou não, atividades físicas extracurriculares e sua relação com a autoconceito físico em estudantes chilenos

Las relaciones entre la práctica de actividad física y autoconcepto han sido establecidas en diversos estudios. Los objetivos fueron: describir la práctica deportiva extracurricular y los motivos para realizarla o no; analizar las relaciones entre los motivos para practicar actividades físicas extracurriculares y las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, y evaluar si esta práctica introducía diferencias en el autoconcepto físico. Participaron 1773 estudiantes chilenos. Se emplearon el CAF y un cuestionario sobre práctica deportiva y motivos elaborado ad hoc. Los resultados indicaron que la cuarta parte de los participantes no realizaba actividad física. Los motivos alegados eran la falta de tiempo y de ganas. Quienes sí practicaban lo hacían como fuente de salud, para estar en forma o por diversión. Los motivos para la práctica se relacionaban con todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico. El hecho de hacer actividades extracurriculares de tipo físico introdujo diferencias en las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico.The relationship between physical activity and self-concept have been established in several studies. The objectives were to describe extracurricular sports practice and the reasons for it or not; to analyze relationships between the reasons to practice extracurricular physical activities and dimensions of physical self, and to assess whether this practice introduced differences in physical self-concept. 1773 Chilean students participated. CAF were used and a questionnaire on sports practice and reasons developed ad hoc. The results indicated that a quarter of the participants did not perform physical activity. The reasons given were lack of time and lack of interest. Those who do practiced did so as a source of health, for fitness or for fun. The reasons for the practice were related to all dimensions of physical self-concept. The fact of doing physical extracurricular activities introduced differences in the dimensions of physical self-concept.A relação entre atividade física e autoconceito foram estabelecidas em vários estudos. Os objetivos foram descrever a prática esportiva extracurriculares e os motivos para realizá-la ou não; analisar as relações entre os motivos para a prática de atividades físicas extracurriculares e as dimensões do autoconceito físico, e avaliar se esta prática introduziu diferenças na autoconceito físico. 1773 estudantes chilenos participaram. CAF foram usados e um questionário sobre esportes e motivos desenvolveu ad hoc. Os resultados indicaram que um quarto dos participantes não realizar atividade física. As razões apontadas foram a falta de tempo e vontade. Aqueles que praticam o que eles fizeram como uma fonte de saúde, para estar em boa forma e por diversão. Os motivos para a prática foram relacionados a todas as dimensões do autoconceito físico. O ato de fazer tipo físico de atividades extracurriculares introduziu diferenças nas dimensões do autoconceito físico

Trastorno específico del aprendizaje con dificultad matemática

Esta comunicación se basa en un análisis retrospectivo de las dificultades para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Se hace una comparación entre el concepto restringido, que se basa en criterios de discrepancia, especificidad y exclusión; y el concepto amplio o de necesidades educativas especiales que se basa en criterios curriculares. Posteriormente, se introduce la noción actual de trastorno de aprendizaje específico con dificultad matemática, los criterios de diagnóstico propuestos por la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría, así como sus diferentes implicaciones. Se consideran algunas conclusiones y algunos aspectos críticos derivados de enfoques educativos y evolutivos

El estereotipo racial en los adolescentes

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar los estereotipos racistas ante los inmigrantes de los adolescentes y analizar si el sexo, el ciclo educativo y el hecho de tener experiencias de relación con inmigrantes introducen diferencias en los prejuicios de los adolescentes. Participaron 1461 adolescentes de entre 11 y 18 años. Ellos respondieron la Escala de racismo moderno. Se observó que la décima parte de los participantes mostraron prejuicios negativos, que las chicas incurren menos que los chicos en el prejuicio sutil, que los estudiantes del primer ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria se muestran más prejuiciosos que los del segundo ciclo y que los prejuicios sutiles se producen en mayor medida en los adolescentes que no se han relacionado con inmigrantes. Se derivan algunas implicaciones prácticas y se realizan algunas autocríticas.The aims of this study were to analyze the racial stereotyping of adolescents toward immigrants and analyze whether sex, the educational level and having experiences regarding immigrants introduce differences in the attitudes’ adolescents. Participants were 1461 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years. They answered the modern racism scale. It was noted that a tenth of the participants showed negative prejudices, which incur fewer the girls than the boys in the subtle prejudice, that students of the first cycle of secondary school are more prejudist than the pupils of second cycle, and subtle prejudices occur more in adolescents who have not had contact with immigrants. Some practical implications were derived and were done self-criticisms.peerReviewe

Low-Cost α+β PM Ti Alloys by Fe/Ni Addition to Pure Ti

Ti and its alloys can deliver a very interesting combination of properties such as low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and, therefore, are very flexible materials which can be adapted to various applications. Nonetheless, Ti and Ti alloys are only employed in critical applications (i.e. aeronautical and aerospace, nautical, medical, etc.) or in products for leisure. In both of these cases the higher fabrication costs of Ti in comparison to its competitors (i.e. steel and aluminium) is not the limiting factor as it is for many structural applications, especially for mass production (i.e. automotive sector). The use of creative techniques and the decrement of the starting price of Ti have been identified as the two main routes to follow to decrease the fabrication costs. In this study, the production of low-cost α+β Ti alloys has been assessed by combining the addition of cheap alloying elements (in particular a Fe/Ni powder) with the classical powder metallurgy route (pressing and sintering). Physical and mechanical properties as well as microstructural analysis of these low-cost alloys were measured and correlated to the processing parameters used to sinter them. It is found that the low-cost Ti alloys show similar behaviour to conventional α+β Ti alloys and, thus, have the potential to be used for non-critical applications

Investigation of the factors influencing the tensile behaviour of PM Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy

Titanium, a relatively new engineering metal, has been employed principally in high demanding industries due to its high final cost and it is well known for its biocompatibility. Powder metallurgy (PM) techniques could offer the possibility to reduce the production cost without paying it in terms of mechanical properties, thanks to their intrinsic advantages. In this study the Ti-3Al-2.5V titanium alloy was produced considering two powder production routes and sintered under different temperatures in order to address their feasibility as alternative to the wrought alloy. The results indicate that PM Ti-3Al-2.5V alloys studied have comparable mechanical behaviour as their counterpart obtained by conventional metallurgy and, therefore, are potential candidates to fabricate cheaper titanium products for structural applications as well as biomedical devices. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.The authors want to acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the R&D Projects MAT2009-14448-C02-02 and MAT2009-14547-C02-02, and from Regional Government of Madrid through the ESTRUMAT (S2009/ MAT-1585) projectPublicad

Goal orientations in the students of the Education Faculty of Alicante

Este estudio parte del objetivo de analizar la dimensionalización factorial de la Escala de Orientación a Metas en el contexto de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Alicante. Participan 357 estudiantes del Grado de Maestro (Infantil y Primaria) con una edad media de 21.09 años. Se llevan a cabo análisis factoriales, de fiabilidad, de discriminación y correlacionales. Los resultados muestran la existencia de metas de evitación de la ejecución, de aproximación a la ejecución, de evitación del trabajo y de aproximación al aprendizaje. El modelo ajusta a los datos. Se derivan algunas conclusiones de interés y se proponen líneas de trabajo para investigaciones futuras.The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial dimensioning of the Goal Orientation Scale in the context of the Faculty of Education at the University of Alicante. Three hundred fifty-seven students in Grade Teacher (Nursery and Primary) took part in this research, with an average age of 21.09 years. Factor, reliability, discrimination and correlational analysis are conducted. The results show the existence of avoidance of the performance, the approach of the performance, avoidance of work, and approach to learning goals. The model fits the data. Some interesting conclusions are derived and lines of work are proposed for future research

Flexural Properties, Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Prealloyed and Master Alloy Addition Powder Metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V

A comparison between the properties achievable by processing the Ti&-6Al&-4V alloys by means of two powder metallurgy approaches, precisely prealloyed and master alloy addition, was carried out. Prealloyed and master alloy addition hydride&-dehydride powders characterised by an irregular morphology were shaped by means of cold uniaxial pressing and high vacuum sintered considering the effect of the variation of the sintering temperature and of the dwell time. Generally, the higher the temperature and the longer the dwell time, the higher the relative density and, consequently, the better the mechanical performances. Nevertheless, a higher processing temperature or a longer time leads also to some interstitials pick-up, especially oxygen, which affects the mechanical behaviour and, in particular, lowers the ductility. Although some residual porosity is left by the pressing and sintering route, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity values comparable to those of the wrought alloy are obtained.The authors want to acknowledge the financial support from Regional Government of Madrid through the ESTRUMAT (S2009/ MAT-1585) project and from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the R&D Projects MAT2009-14547-C02-02 and MAT2009-14448-C02-02. The authors want also to thanks the Fraunhofer IFAM-Dresden Institute for the measurements of the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivityPublicad

Influence of vacuum hot-pressing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti—2.5V alloy obtained by blended elemental and master alloy addition powders

This study addresses the processing of near-net-shape, chemically homogeneous and fine-grained Ti–3Al–2.5V components using vacuum hot-pressing. Two Ti–3Al–2.5V starting powders were considered. On one side, hydride-dehydride (HDH) elemental titanium was blended with an HDH Ti–6Al–4V prealloyed powder. On the other side, an Al:V master alloy was added to the HDH elemental titanium powder. The powders were processed applying a uniaxial pressure of 30 MPa. The sintering temperatures studied varied between 900 degrees C and 1300 degrees C. The relative density of the samples increased with processing temperature and almost fully dense materials were obtained. The increase of the sintering temperature led also to a strong reaction between the titanium powders and the processing tools. This phenomenon occurred particularly with boron nitride (BN) coating, which was used to prevent the direct contact between titanium and graphite tools. The flexural properties of the Ti–3Al–2.5V samples increased with vacuum hot-pressing temperature and are comparable to those specified for wrought titanium medical devices. Therefore, the produced materials are promising candidates for load bearing applications as implant materials.Financial support from Comunidad de Madrid through the ESTRUMAT (S-2009/MAT-1585) project and from the Spanish Ministry of Education through the R&D MAT2009-14448-C02-02 and MAT2009-14547-C02-02 Projects