Nuevos métodos de lucha contra Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) basados en la aplicación de cebos atrayentes combinados con un IGR esterilizante.

[ES] La presente Tesis Doctoral trata de desarrollar un nuevo método de lucha contra Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) basándose en la esterilización química. La alternativa que he estudiado consiste en la utilización de quimioesterilizantes que reduzcan paulatinamente la población, hasta situarla por debajo del umbral de tratamiento, o incluso conseguir la erradicación de la plaga. El quimioesterilizante utilizado es el lufenuron, que impide la eclosión de los huevos puestos por hembras tratadas, o por hembras copuladas por machos tratados. Esta Tesis Doctoral comprende tres líneas de investigación: en primer lugar, desarrollar un cebo con gran poder de atracción y que sea fagoestimulante. En segundo lugar, conseguir una formulación adecuada para la aplicación en campo del cebo con lufenuron, bien sea por pulverización, o en forma sólida colocándolo en placas atrayentes colgadas en el campo. En tercer lugar, estudiar la eficacia de este método de lucha en ensayos de campo. Con los trabajos realizados se ha conseguido formular un cebo, con gran poder atrayente, que resulta eficaz para Ceratitis capitata. Con este cebo se ha desarrollado un gel atrayente-esterilizante que mantiene su actividad esterilizante durante varios meses y que resulta fácil de aplicar en campo. Finalmente, y por medio de ensayos de campo, se ha demostrado que la actividad esterilizante de los cebos provoca una disminución de la población natural de mosca, resultando un método efectivo para el control de la mosca de la fruta en el primer año de tratamiento.Navarro Llopis, V. (2002). Nuevos métodos de lucha contra Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) basados en la aplicación de cebos atrayentes combinados con un IGR esterilizante [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/175462TESI

Improvements in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Trapping Systems

[EN] Improved trap efficacy is crucial for implementing control methods for red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier; Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), based on trapping systems, such as mass trapping, attract and infect or attract and sterilize techniques. Although new trap designs have been proposed and aggregation pheromone dispensers have been optimized, aspects such as the use of co-attractants (molasses) and trap placement are still not well defined and standardized. The efficacy of three concentrations of molasses and different formulations to reduce water evaporation in traps was studied in different field trials to improve trapping systems and to prolong trap servicing periods. In addition, the performance of installing groups of traps or single traps was also evaluated with the aim of improving the attracted/captured weevils ratio. Our results showed that captures increased when molasses were added at 15% to the water contained in the trap and that a thin layer of oil, created by adding 2-3% of paraffinic oil to water, was able to effectively reduce evaporation and prolong trap servicing periods. Moreover, 3.5-fold more weevils were captured when placing five traps instead of one at the same trapping point. Results obtained allow improved efficacy and may have an impact in the economic viability of trapping systems and, therefore, in integrated pest management programs.We want to thank Vicente Dalmau from Conselleria de Agricultura, Peixca i Alimentacio (GVA) and Jose Juan Lopez from TRAGSA for their help and technical assistance in field trials. Also, we want to thank Helen Warburton for English editing. The research leading to these results has received funding from the 7th European Union Framework Programme under grant agreement FP7 KBBE 2011-5-289566 (PALM PROTECT).Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J.; Vacas, S. (2018). Improvements in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Trapping Systems. Journal of Economic Entomology. 111(3):1298-1305. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy065S12981305111

Influence of pheromone emission on the attraction of California red scale males in citrus orchards

[EN] Attraction of California red scale males, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), to different release rates of the sex pheromone compound 3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate was evaluated in field trials. This study was aimed to study pheromone emission-response correlations and the existence of an optimum release rate that maximizes trapping efficacy. Release profiles of the pheromone dispensers deployed were determined by gas chromatography to estimate the various emission rates tested. The results reveal that the mean number of A. aurantii males caught correlates with the daily pheromone release rates by means of a quadratic model. The obtained model indicates the existence of a relative maximum of the captures corresponding to an optimum release rate of ca. 300 mu g/day. Higher emission rates (up to 1 g/day) resulted in lower captures. Implications for the mating disruption technique are discussed.The research leading to these results received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [project number AGL2009-10725].Vacas González, S.; Primo Millo, J.; Navarro-Llopis, V. (2017). Influence of pheromone emission on the attraction of California red scale males in citrus orchards. International Journal of Pest Management. 63(1):10-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2016.1209253S1017631Anshelevich, L., Kehat, M., Dunkelblum, E., & Greenberg, S. (1994). Sex Pheromone Traps for Monitoring the European Vine Moth,Lobesia botrana: Effect of Dispenser Type, Pheromone Dose, Field Aging of Dispenser, and Type of Trap on Male Captures. Phytoparasitica, 22(4), 281-290. doi:10.1007/bf02980529Carde, R. T., & Minks, A. K. (1995). Control of Moth Pests by Mating Disruption: Successes and Constraints. Annual Review of Entomology, 40(1), 559-585. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.40.010195.003015Domínguez-Ruiz, J., Sanchis, J., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2008). A New Long-Life Trimedlure Dispenser for Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101(4), 1325-1330. doi:10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[1325:anltdf]2.0.co;2Gardner, P. D., Ervin, R. T., Moreno, D. S., & Baritelle, L. (1983). California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae): Cost Analysis of A Pheromone Monitoring Program1. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76(3), 601-604. doi:10.1093/jee/76.3.601Gieselmann, M. J., Henrick, C. A., Anderson, R. J., Moreno, D. S., & Roelofs, W. L. (1980). Responses of male California red scale to sex pheromone isomers. Journal of Insect Physiology, 26(3), 179-182. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(80)90078-5Grout, T. G., Toit, D. W. J., Hofmeyr, J. H., & Richards, G. I. (1989). California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Phenology on Citrus in South Africa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(3), 793-798. doi:10.1093/jee/82.3.793Grout, T. G., & Richards, G. I. (1991). Value of pheromone traps for predicting infestations of red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hom., Diaspididae), limited by natural enemy activity and insecticides used to control citrus thrips, Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thys., Thripidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 111(1-5), 20-27. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb00290.xJacobson, M., & Beroza, M. (1964). Insect Attractants. Scientific American, 211(2), 20-27. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0864-20Kennett, C. E., & Hoffmann, R. W. (1985). Seasonal Development of the California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in San Joaquin Valley Citrus Based on Degree-Day Accumulation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78(1), 73-79. doi:10.1093/jee/78.1.73Knutson, A. E., Harris, M. K., & Millar, J. G. (1998). Effects of Pheromone Dose, Lure Age, and Trap Design on Capture of Male Pecan Nut Casebearer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pheromone-Baited Traps. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91(3), 715-722. doi:10.1093/jee/91.3.715McDonough, L. M., Brown, D. F., & Aller, W. C. (1989). Insect sex pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 15(3), 779-790. doi:10.1007/bf01015176McLaughlin, J. R. (1990). Behavioral response of male white peach scale to the sex pheromone, (R,Z)-3,9,-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate and corresponding alcohol. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16(3), 749-756. doi:10.1007/bf01016486Moreno, D. S., Carman, G. E., & Bain, N. S. (1972). Extraction and Bioassay of, and Effect of Solvents on, the Sex Pheromone of the Yellow Scale1, 2. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 65(5), 1061-1064. doi:10.1093/aesa/65.5.1061Moreno, D. S., Fargerlund, J., & Shaw, J. G. (1973). California Red Scale: Captures of Males in Modified Pheromone Traps13. Journal of Economic Entomology, 66(6), 1333-1333. doi:10.1093/jee/66.6.1333Moreno, D. S., & Kennett, C. E. (1985). Predictive Year-end California Red Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Orange Fruit Infestations Based on Catches of Males in the San Joaquin Valley. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78(1), 1-9. doi:10.1093/jee/78.1.1Navarro-Llopis, V., Sanchis, J., Primo-Millo, J., & Primo-Yúfera, E. (2007). Chemosterilants as control agents of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field trials. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97(4), 359-368. doi:10.1017/s0007485307005081Rice, R. E., & Moreno, D. S. (1970). Flight of Male California Red Scale1,2,3. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63(1), 91-96. doi:10.1093/aesa/63.1.91Rice, R. E., & Moreno, D. S. (1969). Marking and Recapture of California Red Scale1 for Field Studies3,4. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62(3), 558-560. doi:10.1093/aesa/62.3.558Rice, R. E., & Hoyt, S. C. (1980). Response of San Jose Scale 1 to Natural and Synthetic Sex Pheromones. Environmental Entomology, 9(2), 190-194. doi:10.1093/ee/9.2.190ROELOFS, W. L., GIESELMANN, M. J., CARDÉ, A. M., TASHIRO, H., MORENO, D. S., HENRICK, C. A., & ANDERSON, R. J. (1977). Sex pheromone of the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii. Nature, 267(5613), 698-699. doi:10.1038/267698a0Roelofs, W., Gieselmann, M., Card�, A., Tashiro, H., Moreno, D. S., Henrick, C. A., & Anderson, R. J. (1978). Identification of the California red scale sex pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 4(2), 211-224. doi:10.1007/bf00988056Samways, M. J. (1988). Comparative monitoring of red scaleAonidiella aurantii(Mask.) (Hom., Diaspididae) and itsAphytisspp. (Hym., Aphelinidae) parasitoids. Journal of Applied Entomology, 105(1-5), 483-489. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00214.xShaw, J. G., Moreno, D. S., & Fargerlund, J. (1971). Virgin Female California Red Scales Used to Detect Infestations13. Journal of Economic Entomology, 64(5), 1305-1306. doi:10.1093/jee/64.5.1305Tashiro, H., & Chambers, D. L. (1967). Reproduction in the California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera: Diaspididae). I. Discovery and Extraction of a Female Sex Pheromone1,2. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 60(6), 1166-1170. doi:10.1093/aesa/60.6.1166Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2009). The first account of the mating disruption technique for the control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae) using new biodegradable dispensers. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 99(4), 415-423. doi:10.1017/s0007485308006470Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Navarro-Llopis, V., Zarzo, M., & Primo, J. (2009). Study on the Optimum Pheromone Release Rate for Attraction of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 102(3), 1094-1100. doi:10.1603/029.102.0330Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2010). Mating disruption of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae), using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispensers. Pest Management Science, 66(7), 745-751. doi:10.1002/ps.1937Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Primo, J., & Navarro-Llopis, V. (2014). Deployment of mating disruption dispensers before and after first seasonal male flights for the control of Aonidiella aurantii in citrus. Journal of Pest Science, 88(2), 321-329. doi:10.1007/s10340-014-0623-1Vacas, S., Miñarro, M., Bosch, M. D., Primo, J., & Navarro-Llopis, V. (2013). Studies on the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Response to Different Codlemone Release Rates. Environmental Entomology, 42(6), 1383-1389. doi:10.1603/en13114Zhang, A., & Amalin, D. (2005). Sex Pheromone of the Female Pink Hibiscus Mealybug,Maconellicoccus hirsutus(Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Biological Activity Evaluation. Environmental Entomology, 34(2), 264-270. doi:10.1603/0046-225x-34.2.26

8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance

Sabater Muñoz, B.; Urbaneja García, A.; Navarro Llopis, V. (2010). 8th International Symposium on fruit flies of economic importance. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/11200Archivo delegad

Airborne Pheromone Quantification in Treated Vineyards with Different Mating Disruption Dispensers against Lobesia botrana

[EN] Mating disruption (MD) is widely used against the European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by installing passive dispensers or aerosol devices. The present work reports a new sampling and quantification methodology to obtain absolute data about field airborne pheromone concentration based on air samplings and sensitive chromatographic-spectroscopic methods. Samplings were performed in fields treated with passive dispensers or aerosol devices at different moments throughout the crop cycle to study how they act and how the disruption is triggered. Moreover, pheromone adsorption and releasing capacity of vine leaves were studied to elucidate their role in the disruption. Although both types of dispensers were effective in limiting the damage inflicted by EGVM, they performed differently and provided different airborne pheromone concentration profiles. Results also proved that leaves were able to adsorb and release part of the airborne pheromone acting as subsequent and additional pheromone sources. This fact could explain the different concentration profiles. Moreover, our results suggest that lower pheromone emission than that of the current passive dispensers still could provide an adequate performance in the field. Competitive mechanisms involved in MD using both dispensers, the dynamics of the airborne pheromone throughout the time and the importance of the canopy are discussed.This research received funding from Conselleria de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente, Cambio Climatico y Desarrollo Rural (Generalitat Valenciana) under grant agreement S8456000.Gavara, A.; Vacas, S.; Navarro, I.; Primo Millo, J.; Navarro-Llopis, V. (2020). Airborne Pheromone Quantification in Treated Vineyards with Different Mating Disruption Dispensers against Lobesia botrana. Insects. 11(5):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11050289S119115Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P., & Cork, A. (2010). Sex Pheromones and Their Impact on Pest Management. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36(1), 80-100. doi:10.1007/s10886-009-9737-yLucchi, A., Sambado, P., Juan Royo, A. B., Bagnoli, B., Conte, G., & Benelli, G. (2018). Disrupting mating of Lobesia botrana using sex pheromone aerosol devices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(22), 22196-22204. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2341-3Gordon, D., Zahavi, T., Anshelevich, L., Harel, M., Ovadia, S., Dunkelblum, E., & Harari, A. R. (2005). Mating Disruption of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of Pheromone Formulations and Concentrations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(1), 135-142. doi:10.1093/jee/98.1.135Williamson, E. R., Folwell, R. J., Knight, A., & Howell, J. F. (1996). Economics of employing pheromones for mating disruption of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella. Crop Protection, 15(5), 473-477. doi:10.1016/0261-2194(96)00013-0Knight, A. L. (1995). Evaluating Pheromone Emission Rate and Blend in Disrupting Sexual Communication of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Environmental Entomology, 24(6), 1396-1403. doi:10.1093/ee/24.6.1396Welter, S. C., Pickel, C., Millar, J., Cave, F., Van Steenwyk, R. A., & Dunley, J. (2005). Pheromone mating disruption offers selective management options for key pests. California Agriculture, 59(1), 16-22. doi:10.3733/ca.v059n01p16Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Primo, J., & Navarro-Llopis, V. (2011). Studies on the development of a mating disruption system to control the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Pest Management Science, 67(11), 1473-1480. doi:10.1002/ps.2202Miller, J. R., & Gut, L. J. (2015). Mating Disruption for the 21st Century: Matching Technology With Mechanism. Environmental Entomology, 44(3), 427-453. doi:10.1093/ee/nvv052Witzgall, P., Stelinski, L., Gut, L., & Thomson, D. (2008). Codling Moth Management and Chemical Ecology. Annual Review of Entomology, 53(1), 503-522. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093323Ozlem Altindisli, F., Ozsemerci, F., Koclu, T., Akkan, Ü., & Keskin, N. (2016). Isonet LTT, a new alternative material for mating disruption ofLobesia botrana(Den. & Schiff.) in Turkey. BIO Web of Conferences, 7, 01029. doi:10.1051/bioconf/20160701029Lucchi, A., Ladurner, E., Iodice, A., Savino, F., Ricciardi, R., Cosci, F., … Benelli, G. (2018). Eco-friendly pheromone dispensers—a green route to manage the European grapevine moth? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(10), 9426-9442. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1248-3Miller, J. R., Gut, L. J., de Lame, F. M., & Stelinski, L. L. (2006). Differentiation of Competitive vs. Non-competitive Mechanisms Mediating Disruption of Moth Sexual Communication by Point Sources of Sex Pheromone (Part I): Theory1. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32(10), 2089-2114. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9134-8Stelinski, L. L., Gut, L. J., Haas, M., McGhee, P., & Epstein, D. (2007). Evaluation of aerosol devices for simultaneous disruption of sex pheromone communication in Cydia pomonella and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Pest Science, 80(4), 225-233. doi:10.1007/s10340-007-0176-7McGhee, P. S., Gut, L. J., & Miller, J. R. (2014). Aerosol emitters disrupt codling moth, Cydia pomonella , competitively. Pest Management Science, 70(12), 1859-1862. doi:10.1002/ps.3732McGhee, P. S., Miller, J. R., Thomson, D. R., & Gut, L. J. (2016). Optimizing Aerosol Dispensers for Mating Disruption of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella L. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42(7), 612-616. doi:10.1007/s10886-016-0724-9Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Zarzo, M., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2011). Effect of sex pheromone emission on the attraction of Lobesia botrana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 139(3), 250-257. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01124.xWilson, H., & Daane, K. M. (2017). Review of Ecologically-Based Pest Management in California Vineyards. Insects, 8(4), 108. doi:10.3390/insects8040108Ioriatti, C., Anfora, G., Tasin, M., De Cristofaro, A., Witzgall, P., & Lucchi, A. (2011). Chemical Ecology and Management of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104(4), 1125-1137. doi:10.1603/ec10443Ioriatti, C., & Lucchi, A. (2016). Semiochemical Strategies for Tortricid Moth Control in Apple Orchards and Vineyards in Italy. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42(7), 571-583. doi:10.1007/s10886-016-0722-yBenelli, Lucchi, Thomson, & Ioriatti. (2019). Sex Pheromone Aerosol Devices for Mating Disruption: Challenges for a Brighter Future. Insects, 10(10), 308. doi:10.3390/insects10100308Vassiliou, V. A. (2009). Control of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in vineyards in Cyprus using the Mating Disruption Technique. Crop Protection, 28(2), 145-150. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2008.09.013Alfaro, C., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2009). Optimization of pheromone dispenser density for managing the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), by mating disruption. Crop Protection, 28(7), 567-572. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2009.02.006Epstein, D. L., Stelinski, L. L., Reed, T. P., Miller, J. R., & Gut, L. J. (2006). Higher Densities of Distributed Pheromone Sources Provide Disruption of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Superior to That of Lower Densities of Clumped Sources. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(4), 1327-1333. doi:10.1093/jee/99.4.1327Schwalbe, C. P., & Mastro, V. C. (1988). Gypsy moth mating disruption: Dosage effects. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 14(2), 581-588. doi:10.1007/bf01013908Karg, G., & Sauer, A. E. (1995). Spatial distribution of pheromone in vineyards treated for mating disruption of the grape vine mothLobesia botrana measured with electroantennograms. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 21(9), 1299-1314. doi:10.1007/bf02027563Sauer, A. E., Karg, G., Koch, U. T., De Kramer, J. J., & Milli, R. (1992). A portable EAG system for the measurement of pheromone concentrations in the field. Chemical Senses, 17(5), 543-553. doi:10.1093/chemse/17.5.543Karg, G., & Sauer, A. E. (1997). Seasonal Variation of Pheromone Concentration in Mating Disruption Trials Against European Grape Vine Moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Measured by EAG. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23(2), 487-501. doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000006373.19897.ebSauer, A. E., & Karg2, G. (1998). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24(2), 289-302. doi:10.1023/a:1022532425253Abad, E., Martínez, K., Gustems, L., Gómez, R., Guinart, X., Hernández, I., & Rivera, J. (2007). Ten years measuring PCDDs/PCDFs in ambient air in Catalonia (Spain). Chemosphere, 67(9), 1709-1714. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.083Li, Y., Jiang, G., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2008). Concentrations, profiles and gas–particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air of Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 42(9), 2037-2047. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.005Lohmann, R., & Jones, K. C. (1998). Dioxins and furans in air and deposition: A review of levels, behaviour and processes. Science of The Total Environment, 219(1), 53-81. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00237-xCecinato, A., Balducci, C., Romagnoli, P., & Perilli, M. (2012). Airborne psychotropic substances in eight Italian big cities: Burdens and behaviours. Environmental Pollution, 171, 140-147. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.033Cahiez, G., Guerret, O., Moyeux, A., Dufour, S., & Lefevre, N. (2017). Eco-Friendly and Industrially Scalable Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lobesia botrana. Important Progress for the Eco-Protection of Vineyard. Organic Process Research & Development, 21(10), 1542-1546. doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00206Zaranski, M. T., Patton, G. W., McConnell, L. L., Bidleman, T. F., & Mulik, J. D. (1991). Collection of nonpolar organic compounds from ambient air using polyurethane foam-granular adsorbent sandwich cartridges. Analytical Chemistry, 63(13), 1228-1232. doi:10.1021/ac00013a009López, A., Coscollà, C., & Yusà, V. (2017). Selection of sampling adsorbents and optimisation and validation of a GC-MS/MS method for airborne pesticides. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 97(10), 949-964. doi:10.1080/03067319.2017.1373771Vacas, S., Alfaro, C., Navarro-Llopis, V., & Primo, J. (2010). Mating disruption of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae), using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispensers. Pest Management Science, 66(7), 745-751. doi:10.1002/ps.1937Wehrenfennig, C., Schott, M., Gasch, T., Düring, R. A., Vilcinskas, A., & Kohl, C.-D. (2013). On-site airborne pheromone sensing. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405(20), 6389-6403. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7113-9Klaschka, U. (2008). The infochemical effect—a new chapter in ecotoxicology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(6), 452-462. doi:10.1007/s11356-008-0019-yShaver, T. N. (1983). Environmental Fate of ( Z )-11-Hexadecenal and ( Z )-9-Tetradecenal, Components of a Sex Pheromone of the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology, 12(6), 1802-1804. doi:10.1093/ee/12.6.1802WALL, C., STURGEON, D. M., GREENWAY, A. R., & PERRY, J. N. (1981). CONTAMINATION OF VEGETATION WITH SYNTHETIC SEX-ATTRACTANT RELEASED FROM TRAPS FOR THE PEA MOTH, CYDIA NIGRICANA. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 30(2), 111-115. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1981.tb03083.xNOLDUS, L. P. J. J., POTTING, R. P. J., & BARENDREGT, H. E. (1991). Moth sex pheromone adsorption to leaf surface: bridge in time for chemical spies. Physiological Entomology, 16(3), 329-344. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1991.tb00571.xKarg, G., Suckling, D. M., & Bradley, S. J. (1994). Absorption and release of pheromone ofEpiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by apple leaves. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(8), 1825-1841. doi:10.1007/bf02066225Schmitz, V., Charlier, L., Roehrich, R., & Stockel, J. (1997). Etude du mécanisme de la confusion sexuelle chez l’Eudémis de la vigne,Lobesia botranaDen. et Schiff. (Lep., Tortricidae) IV - Quel est le rôle de la fixation de la phéromone par le feuillage? Journal of Applied Entomology, 121(1-5), 41-46. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1997.tb01368.xSuckling, D. M., Daly, J. M., Chen, X., & Karg, G. (2007). Field electroantennogram and trap assessments of aerosol pheromone dispensers for disrupting mating inEpiphyas postvittana. Pest Management Science, 63(2), 202-209. doi:10.1002/ps.1312Girling, R. D., Higbee, B. S., & Cardé, R. T. (2013). The Plume Also Rises: Trajectories of Pheromone Plumes Issuing from Point Sources in an Orchard Canopy at Night. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 39(9), 1150-1160. doi:10.1007/s10886-013-0341-9Anfora, G., Tasin, M., Backman, A.-C., Cristofaro, A., Witzgall, P., & Ioriatti, C. (2005). Attractiveness of year-old polyethylene Isonet sex pheromone dispensers for Lobesia botrana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 117(3), 201-207. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00349.

Mating disruption to control the striped rice stem borer: Pheromone blend, dispensing technology and number of releasing points

The effect of using low densities of different dispensing technologies on mating disruption of the striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, was evaluated in the rice-growing area of Valencia (Spain) from 2011 to 2013. The reduction of the current number of release points (30 polymeric dispensers/ha) was investigated by installing 3 aerosol devices per ha (Experiments 1 and 2) or with clusters of hand-applied dispensers (10 or 5 release points/ha; Experiment 3). The influence of pheromone blend on disruption was also studied by loading aerosol devices with the three-component blend or only the main pheromone compound, Z-11-hexadecenal. Results showed that the installation of 3 aerosol devices/ha or clusters of passive dispensers (total dose: 6.6-7.9 g/ha) proved equally effective as the conventional treatment with 30 Selibate (R) CS dispensers/ha (similar to 5 g/ha), reducing damage below 1% of infested plants. Although the treatment with 3 aerosol devices/ha loaded with Z-11-hexadecenal provided control of damage comparable to the conventional mating disruption treatment, the higher captures recorded suggest that mating disruption with the incomplete pheromone blend is only slightly effective in the tested conditions. These changes in the number of point sources and pheromone blend could represent important advantages for the implementation of mating disruption against C. suppressalis. (C) 2016 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.We would like to thank Francisco Girona, Vicente Dalmau and Manuel Lainez (CAPA-Generalitat Valenciana) for their assistance in organizing experiments and providing trial fields. In addition, thanks to Helen Warburton for English editing. This project was funded by Fundacion Agroalimed and Ecologia y Protection Agricola SL (Valencia, Spain).Vacas González, S.; Navarro Fuertes, I.; Primo Millo, J.; Navarro-Llopis, V. (2016). Mating disruption to control the striped rice stem borer: Pheromone blend, dispensing technology and number of releasing points. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 19(2):253-259. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2016.02.001S25325919

Un crecimiento tempranamente quebrado: el producto agrario en Andalucía occidental en la Edad Moderna

En este artículo se presenta una estimación del crecimiento agrario de Andalucía occidental en la Edad Moderna, y se describen sus tendencias y los cambios en la composición del producto. Las "Rentas de las Mitras" y los registros decimales del Cabildo de la Catedral de Sevilla han constituído las fuentes básicas. Se ha utilizado la vía del producto para la estimación del crecimiento agrario. Las principales conclusiones son: 1) entre finales de los siglos XVI y XVIII el crecimiento agrario en Andalucía occidental fue bastante modesto; 2) esta región registró una depresión agraria de apreciable intensidad entre 1580 y 1685, debido principalmente al hundimiento de la producción de vino y aceite; y 3) tras un balance económico bastante favorable en el siglo XVI, sobre todo hasta 1580, Andalucía occidental desperdició en las dos centurias siguientes una parte considerable de su potencial de crecimiento agrario

Influence of weather conditions on Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) mating disruption dispensers' emission rates and efficacy

[EN] Passive dispensers are the most widely used dispensers to control the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by mating disruption (MD). Although their efficacy is well-proven, efforts are needed to reduce the use of pheromone without compromising efficacy and to allow lower MD costs. For this purpose, two different widely employed dispenser types in Europe against this pest (Ampoule and Rope dispensers) were evaluated in the field to verify their performance (emission rates and efficacy) in relation to weather conditions. Their release profiles were studied by extracting and quantifying the residual pheromone load over time by gas chromatography. Dispensers' performance in relation to weather conditions was then assessed by correlating the daily emission rates with the mean daily values of several of these variables. Although both dispenser types were efficient in controlling L. botrana populations and reducing fruit damage, their pheromone content and their release rates differed at the end of the crop cycle. The Ampoule dispensers emitted lower amounts of pheromone throughout the study period, whereas the Rope dispensers¿ emissions were weather-dependent, with higher emission rates at higher mean temperatures and wind speeds. Our results showed that the current commercial MD dispensers could be improved by adjusting their release rates to better reflect actual pheromone requirements.Authors would like to thank Celler del Roure winery (Mogente, Valencia) and Emilio Giménez (Venta del Moro) for providing field study vineyards. This research received funding from Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Climática y Transicion Ecologica (Generalitat Valenciana) under grant agreement S8456000. We are also grateful to Ana Castellar and Helen Warburton for language editing. Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia.Gavara, A.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J.; Vacas, S. (2022). Influence of weather conditions on Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) mating disruption dispensers' emission rates and efficacy. Crop Protection. 155:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2022.105926S1815

Sex Pheromone of the Invasive Mealybug Citrus Pest, Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). A New Monoterpenoid with a Necrodane Skeleton

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see [insert ACS Articles on Request author-directed link to Published Work, see http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.html].[EN] Native to sub-Saharan Africa, Delottococcus aberiae De Lotto (Hemiptera: Pseudoccidae) is an invasive mealybug that has been recently reported in Europe, seriously damaging citrus production in eastern Spain. In this study, we isolated and determined the structure of the sex pheromone of D. aberiae, to provide a highly specific and effective lure for detecting, monitoring, and potentially controlling this pest. The volatile profile of D. aberiae virgin and mated females was studied by aeration and collection of effluvia in Porapak-Q The resulting extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing a candidate compound specific of virgin females. GC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data evidenced a new compound, (4,5,5-trimethyl-3-methylenecyclopent-1-en-1-yl)methyl acetate, with an unusual beta-necrodol skeleton. This compound was synthesized and shown to be attractive to male D. aberiae in both laboratory and field experiments. A GC analysis using an enantioselective stationary phase and polarimetry analyses of the synthetic enantiomers showed the natural compound emitted by virgin females to be the - enantiomer.This work received funding from Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (postdoctoral contract for SV) and Conselleria de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente, Cambio Climaico y Desarrollo Rural (Generalitat Valenciana) under grant agreement (S8456000)Vacas, S.; Navarro Fuertes, I.; Marzo, J.; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J. (2019). Sex Pheromone of the Invasive Mealybug Citrus Pest, Delottococcus aberiae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). A New Monoterpenoid with a Necrodane Skeleton. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(34):9441-9449. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01443S94419449673

Evaluation of Trimedlure dispensers by a method based on thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

[EN] Knowledge about the behaviour of trimedlure (TML) dispensers is essential to ensure the efficacy of monitoring and control methods based on TML as attractant. There are several commercially available TML dispensers, and each of them has a different useful life and TML release profile. Their emission is also affected differently by environmental factors. Even the same type of dispenser sometimes shows an important variability in the TML release rate. Because of the importance of methods based on TML lures in the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly and the influence of the TML dispenser on the efficacy of these control methods, we developed a non-destructive flow-through system to measure the TML release rate. This volatile collection method (VCM) adsorbs TML vapour on a Tenax TA desorption tube, and TML is quantified by Thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two types of TML dispensers, a polymeric (Aralure) and a mesoporous (Epalure), were field aged during 3 months. The TML release rates of these dispensers were determined by both, VCM and solvent extraction method. In this study, the correlation between both measurement methods is shown. A field trial has also been carried out to correlate trap catches and TML emission of each type of tested dispenser. The VCM allows a quick and accurate evaluation of the current behaviour of commercial dispensers along their useful life. It also allows comparing the TML release rate between different dispensers. We believe that the VCM can be useful for dispenser manufacturers to determine seasonal dispenser performance before a new product is introduced in the market, and to rapidly verify TML dispenser release when field-aged dispenser efficacy is in question. Thus, it can be employed as a quality control of commercial dispensers.We want to thank financial support from 'Fundacion Jose y Ana Royo' and 'Conselleria de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentacion de la Generalitat Valenciana', and Juan Sanchis for his support in the field trial.S7727771329-1