Clinical Officer Preparing Sodium Stibogluconate Solution Injection for a Patient with Visceral Leishmaniasis

<div><p>Sodium stibogluconate solution is administered by intramuscular injection for 30 days. The injection is painful and can cause toxic reactions. Developed in 1934, resistance of up to 65% has been documented in India. Around 50,000 people die from visceral leishmaniasis each year. New, effective drugs and diagnostics are urgently needed.</p> <p>(Photograph: Copyright Espen Rasmussen/MSF, Somalia, 2004)</p></div

Detection of African Sleeping Sickness by Lumbar Puncture

<div><p>Lumbar puncture in patients with African sleeping sickness can be a painful and potentially dangerous maneuver that is the only way to determine if the disease has progressed to the second stage. New diagnostic tools are urgently needed, as are new treatments; current medicines are old, toxic, difficult to use, and their production is not guaranteed. Around 60,000 people die from Afican sleeping sickness every year.</p> <p>(Photograph: copyright Serge Sibert/MSF, Uganda, 1998.)</p></div

Study inclusions and exclusions.

<p>Study inclusions and exclusions.</p

Forest plot for the outcome of mortality comparing no bolus and bolus.

<p>Forest plot for the outcome of mortality comparing no bolus and bolus.</p

Forest plot for the outcome of mortality comparing colloids and crystalloids.

<p>Forest plot for the outcome of mortality comparing colloids and crystalloids.</p

Examples of surgical tasks that could be performed by different health workers.

<p>Examples of surgical tasks that could be performed by different health workers.</p

Funnel Plots.

<p>Funnel Plots.</p

Outcome virologic success in RCTs and observational studies.

<p>Outcome virologic success in RCTs and observational studies.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients on NVP and EFV by study design.

1<p>These two studies compared NVP 400 mg once daily to EFV 600 mg once daily. All other studies compared NVP200 mg twice daily to EFV 600 mg once daily.</p>2<p>Studies in TB/HIV co-infected patients on TB treatment.</p>3<p>after July 2007, the definition of failure changed from more than 5000copies/ml to more than 400copies/ml.</p><p>Abbreviations: EFV efavirenz NVP nevirapine Dash (–) Not provided VS Virologic suppression VF Virologic failure Italics: Overall cohort characteristics not differentiated by NNRTI.</p

Search strategy.

<p>Search strategy.</p